Spatial evolution and spatial production of traditional villages from "backward poverty villages" to "ecologically well-off villages": Experiences from the hinterland of national nature reserves in China

With the rapid urbanization process,the space of traditional villages in China is undergoing significant changes.Studying the spatial evolution of traditional villages is significant in promoting rural spatial transformation and realizing rural revitalization and sustainable rural development.Based on the traceability analysis of spatial production theory,this paper constructed an analytical framework for the spatial production evolution of traditional villages,analyzed the spatial evolution process and characteristics of traditional villages by using buffer analysis,spatial syntax,and other research methods,and revealed the characteristics of the spatial production evolution of traditional villages and the driving mechanism.The results show that:(1)The village spatial formation and development follow the village life cycle theory and usually develop from embryonic villages to diversified and integrated villages;(2)The evolution of village spatial production is characterized by the diversity of material space,the sublimation of daily life space,and the integration of social system space and generalization of emotional space;(3)The evolution of village spatial production from backward and poor village to ecologically well-off village is influenced by a combination of factors;(4)The village has formed a spatial structure of"people-land-scape-culture-industry",realized comprehensive reconstruction and spatial reproduction.The study results reflect the spatial evolution characteristics of traditional villages in mountainous areas in a more comprehensive way,which helps to promote the protection and development of traditional villages in mountainous areas and,to a certain extent,provides a reference for the development of rural revitalization.

Tourist Products Design of National Village Based on Experience——A Case Study of Minority Villages of Southeast Guizhou,China

On the basis of resources features of minority villages in Southeast Guizhou and tourists' experience needs,the paper proposed that national villages would increasingly be the ideal destination of cultural experience tourism under the background of experience economy,and products design centering on experience need was the common problem confronted tourism development of national villages.Through analyzing four aspects of tourist resources which were natural ecology and pastoral scenery,tangible national culture,process and event national culture,and intangible culture,the paper proposed a general method for design of tourist products of national villages.The design should be conducted by following steps of "theme extraction—image shaping—scene design—atmosphere creation—program arrangement—implication design—publicity marketing".It should establish brand image of tourist products of national villages,so as to help tourists realize "image establishment—purchasing impulse—participation into interaction—profound experience—expectation achievement",and to constantly increase the attraction power of tourist products of national villages and comprehensive economic benefit of tourism.

Study on the Production Space Characteristics and Impacts of Traditional Villages in the Pearl River Delta:A Case Study of Xiaozhou Village and Huangpu Village in Guangzhou

Traditional village production space is the basis of villagers’ survival and village development.Nowadays,its production function has been lost,but it still has ecological and cultural value.The formation of traditional village production space in the Pearl River Delta is closely related to the water system,soil,geology and landform,and three types of production space,including water transportation,agricultural production and manual workshop,have been formed.It has strong ecological adaptability,forms pastoral scenery with unique water village characteristics,and is closely related to the development of the village and the livelihood of the villagers.Under the influence of urbanization,they have undergone great changes,which are manifested in erosion and fragmentation.Therefore,they should be protected,inherited and developed.

Changes of the Scale and Structure of Agricultural Laborer and Their Impacts on Food Production——Empirical study on YinshanPo Village, Suizhou City

On the strength of expounding the general situation of study area and the status quo of agricultural laborers in China, the changes of the scale and structure of agricultural laborer from 1985 to 2009 are analyzed by relying on the survey from farmers and statistical data from the government. The causes of these changes are analyzed from the aspects of rural farmland policy,birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and industrialization. Based on the study on the causes, the impacts of the changes on food production are analyzed from operation scale of household, the grain cropping area, the multi-cropping index and land productivity. The results show that the quality of agricultural laborers is decreasing form 1985 to 2009, which is characterized by the lack of middle-aged agricultural laborers and the aging of agricultural laborers. The causes of the changes include farmland policy, birth-control policy, farmland marginalization and urbanization. The shrinkage of agricultural laborers has grave impact on the multiple-cropping index. In addition, the land productivity is comprehensively affected by the scale and structure of agricultural laborers.

Non-professional Agricultural Production Villages Establishing a New Rural Cooperative

The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.

Using Quantile Regression Approach to Analyze Price Movements of Agricultural Products in China

This paper studies how the price movements of pork,chicken and egg respond to those of related cost factors in short terms in Chinese market.We employ a linear quantile approach not only to explore potential data heteroscedasticity but also to generate confidence bands for the purpose of price stability study.We then evaluate our models by comparing the prediction intervals generated from the quantile regression models with in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts.Using monthly data from January 2000 to October 2010,we observed these findings：（i） the price changes of cost factors asymmetrically and unequally influence those of the livestock across different quantiles;（ii） the performance of our models is robust and consistent for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts;（iii） the confidence intervals generated from 0.05th and 0.95th quantile regression models are good methods to forecast livestock price fluctuation.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Specialized Villages in Guangdong Province,China

China is vigorously implementing a rural revitalization strategy with the prosperity of rural industries as the primary goal.The characteristic economy of’One Village One Product’(OVOP)is particularly significant in promoting rural revitalization and increasing farmers’income.Accurately identifying the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural specialized villages(ASVs)under OVOP provides a preliminary research basis for constructing the theoretical framework of specialization and clustering of rural industrial development.This study takes Guangdong Province,China as an example,using kernel density estimation,Ripley’s K function,geometric fractals,principal component regression and other methods to identify the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ASVs.It was found that the ASVs in Guangdong Province are dominated by the planting industry,with an uneven number in space and a multi patch distribution.Specifically,ASVs are mainly distributed in the Chaoshan Plain in the eastern Guangdong,the northern mountainous area of Guangzhou,and the eastern part of Maoming City.Its spatial distribution mode obeys the aggregation distribution pattern at the scale of province,region and municipality(prefecture-level city).In addition,the formation and development of ASVs are affected by multiple internal and external factors.The influence of basic factors such as natural environmental conditions is gradually weakening,while the influence of social and economic factors such as market demand is gradually increasing.This study can enrich the research results of ASVs and provide guidance and reference for the long-term and high-quality development of rural industry revitalization.

Development of Rural E-commerce from the Perspective of Agricultural New Kinetic Energy Cultivation:Based on Survey on the "E-commerce Entering Villages and Households" Project of Jurong City

Taking the implementation of the"e-commerce entering villages and households"project in Jurong City as an example,a survey plan is formulated,and questionnaires are designed.Through questionnaires,a large number of agricultural households are visited,and the data are collected and collated;and using interviews and field trips,the help of e-commerce for agricultural products sales is understood.Then,the analysis on the entire survey is summarized.Finally,the survey is researched,and it is found that the current rural e-commerce lacks professional talents and the product distribution system is not perfect.For existing problems,corresponding solutions are put forward.

Multistring analysis of wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells

This paper presents a theoretical method and a finite element method to describe wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells.Parameters considered in the theoretical method include operating load during drilling and completion and the temperature field,pressure field and the end effect of pressure during gas production.The finite element method for multistring analysis is developed to simulate random contact between casings.The relevant finite element analysis scheme is also presented according to the actual procedures of drilling,completion and gas production.Finally,field cases are presented and analyzed using the proposed methods.These are four offshore wells in the South China Sea.The calculated wellhead growths during gas production are compared with measured values.The results show that the wellhead subsides during drilling and completion and grows up during gas production.The theoretical and finite element solutions for wellhead growth are in good agreement with measured values and the deviations of calculation are within 10％.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented intermediate casing occurs during the running of the oil tube.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented production casing,calculated with the theoretical method occurs at removing the blow-out-preventer （BOP） while that calculated with the finite element method occurs at gas production.Finite element solutions for von Mises stress are recommended and the uncemented casings of four wells satisfy strength requirements.

“三生”功能视角下城市近郊区村庄发展适宜性评价与分类——以江西抚州临川区为例

城市近郊区是城乡融合的关键地带,识别该地区村庄类型有助于统筹城乡发展格局。本研究以江西省抚州市临川区为研究对象,基于“三生”功能视角构建临川区村庄发展适宜性评价体系,利用空间自相关揭示其空间集聚特征,采用村庄类型识别系统划定339个行政村的村庄类型,进而提出村庄发展策略。结果表明:临川区村庄发展适宜度指数总体较高,生产功能、生活功能和生态功能指数平均值分别为0.592、0.585和0.466,前二者在空间上呈现“北强南弱”的分布格局;临川区村庄发展适宜度具有显著的空间集聚特征,具体表现为生产功能和生活功能指数的“北热南冷”以及生态功能指数的“中间冷边缘热”;临川区村庄类型分为4类2型,城郊融合类与集聚提升类中的集聚发展型村庄是乡村振兴的重点发展对象。根据村庄类型识别结果提出以地类管控为基础的村庄差异化发展策略,可以明确村域国土空间的优化布局,推动城乡深度融合。

产权理论视角下传统村落生态产品价值实现的测度与优化路径——以湖南四个典型传统村落为例

传统村落作为人与自然和谐相处的典范,蕴含着丰富的生态产品,如何在乡村生态文明的建设下,把握传统村落生态产品价值实现状况,助推传统村落生态产品价值的实现尤为重要。本研究通过问卷调查、数据分析、实地调查法,基于产权理论划分传统村落生态产品类型,并构建传统村落生态产品价值实现指标体系,同时以湖南四个典型传统村落为例,开展传统村落生态产品价值实现的测度与优化路径研究。结果表明:产权理论视角下传统村落生态产品分为私人生态产品、准公共生态产品和公共生态产品三类,包含生态物质产品、生态文化服务、生态调节服务三要素;传统村落生态产品价值实现的测度差异度低,整体价值实现水平一般,得分在57.08~60.85之间,其中横岭村得分最高,芋头村得分最低。根据价值实现的测度结果与实地调研情况,针对性地提出了旅游开发型与农业主导型传统村落的优化路径,以此助推传统村落生态产品价值实现,促进传统村落的活化与可持续发展。

“三生”空间视角下苏南水网乡村景观生态风险评价——以石头潭片区为例

苏南水网乡村是新型城镇化建设的先行区,然而快速经济建设对“三生”空间景观格局造成较大干扰,引发的景观生态风险变化值得关注。研究以苏州市石头潭片区为例,选取1990、2000、2010、2020年4期土地利用数据,基于景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型,定量分析研究区“三生”空间景观生态风险时空分异特征。结果表明,1)1990-2020年石头潭片区“三生”空间面积变化显著。生态空间面积稳步增加;农业生产空间面积逐年缩减;工业生产空间、城镇生活空间与农村生活空间扩张显著。“三生”空间类型转移以农业生产空间转向城镇生活空间与工业生产空间为主。2)研究区“三生”空间与景观生态风险存在关联性,高风险区主要分布于澄湖等水域生态空间,中风险区主要为沿湖荡分布的农业生产空间与农村生活空间,低风险区多为成片聚集分布的城镇生活空间与工业生产空间。1990-2020年石头潭片区景观生态风险等级不断上升,较高、高风险区面积逐步扩张,面积占比分别上升14.43%、7.50%。3)石头潭片区景观生态风险存在显著空间正相关性;生态风险指数空间分布以高-高与低-低聚集为主,空间分异特征明显。

因地制“仪”:新型农村社区的空间生产与乡村传播网络重构

空间是公共生活和权力运行的基础。空间生产对于形塑可沟通性和治理有效的乡村社会意义重大。文章从空间—传播—治理的理论框架考察新农村社区的村民交往方式、传播网络以及治理模式的变迁。研究发现,以连片规划为特征的新农村社区,产生了新的生活空间,新空间驯化了村民的仪式化生活,村民获得了新的身份认同;生活空间的改变拓展了村民的交往空间,丰富了村民的交往形式,进而建构了可沟通的乡村;公共空间的增加使得公告牌、光荣榜(牌)、文化墙等传统媒介重现生机,村庄—邻里同构扩大了熟人社会的范围,激活了村庄微信群,增强了村民的联结;公共交流、协商活动的增多,增强了乡村公共性,促进了邻里共同体转向村庄治理共同体。

聚落“双修”视角下少数民族传统村落旅游空间再生产研究——以坪坦村为例

传统村落是中国传统文化的重要载体,承载着丰富的文化遗产和自然资源。在当前新农村建设和乡村旅游快速发展的背景下,传统村落逐渐面临文化生态系统失衡等困境。为了探究传统村落旅游空间再生产的机制问题,基于聚落“双修”视角,结合旅游空间生产理论,采用文本分析、参与式观察等方法,以湖南省坪坦村为例进行再生产实证分析。研究发现:(1)对旅游空间生产和聚落“双修”进行了理论结合,两者虽具有现实导向的局部冲突性,但因二者具有多元耦合性,聚落双修可为实现旅游空间再生产提供更为动态和整体性的理论指导。(2)对坪坦村进行了聚落“双修”视角下旅游三元空间建构,从物质景观、文化符号和生活体验三方面给予空间分析并归纳现状发展问题。(3)结合聚落“双修”和旅游空间生产理论,对坪坦村提出了文化导向、肌理重塑等修复与修补路径。以期对传统村落旅游空间生产模式提供借鉴和指导,实现传统村落旅游物质、非物质空间的重塑发展。

文旅IP形象在文创产品包装设计中的应用研究——以乌兰召村为例

2022年国务院明确提出以文塑旅、以旅彰文,促进文化与旅游的深度融合的政策。乌兰召村位于吉林省白城市镇赉县莫莫格蒙古族乡,附近有莫莫格自然保护区以及吉林镇赉环城国家湿地公园等旅游景点。由于景区开发程度低等问题,限制了乌兰召村地域特色文化在年轻人中的推广和传播。本文通过对乌兰召村IP形象和相关的文创产品包装的设计研究,力图扩大宣传力度,增加消费者的关注度。

“兜底+助推”:社区转型共同生产模式及其生成机制——以S镇“村改居”为例

“村改居”后续治理难题和可持续发展困境引发了对社区转型依靠力量、动员机制、推进策略等问题的反思,亟须构建一种兼容党政主导和居民参与的社区转型共同生产模式。案例表明,“兜底+助推”的共同生产模式催生了“村改居”的整体转型。党建引领下的体制赋能和资源支持机制为搬迁动员提供了兜底保障;组织协商和信任塑造机制加强了多方互动,助推了共同生产的发展。体制赋能、资源支持、组织协商、信任塑造等四大机制互为补充,共同形塑、巩固和维系了“党政链接社会”的共同生产方式。从根源来看,社区价值共创是社区深度转型和持续发展的关键。从过程视角探究中国情境下社区转型共同生产的模式、机制和策略,有助于拓展共同生产研究和丰富地方治理工具。

三生空间视角下传统村落空间基因图谱构建及特征解析——以扎尕那村为例

传统村落三生空间的优化布局有赖于对其空间特征及其内在结构的认识。文章以扎尕那村为例,从三生空间的视角建立空间基因图谱,并以此为基础确定村落三生空间基因特征。研究表明:(1)基于土地利用数据构建三生空间基因描述具有区别于单一空间基因的新维度;(2)运用参数化方法进行空间基因识别提取具有可操作性;(3)借助“三生空间关系”图形及“地理信息要素分类”编码的形式实现空间基因图谱表达可更好服务于国土空间规划;(4)基于空间基因图谱识别出的扎尕那三生空间特征明显,生态空间由9种景观类型组成,裸岩与林地是景观的基质;生活空间建设用地破碎度较高,呈自由式带状布局;生产空间形成农林牧垂直经济类型。

“一村多名大学生计划”蔬菜生产技术课程的改革与启迪——以黄冈职业技术学院为例

以黄冈职业技术学院“一村多名大学生计划”现代农业技术专业核心课程蔬菜生产技术为例,根据“一村多名大学生”知识背景和岗位需求,在充分调研的基础上进行学情分析,认为新形势下传统的教学方法不利于学生对专业知识和技能的掌握,也难以实现乡村人才培养的目标,提出从课程教学内容与教学模式、教学方法、考核评价等方面进行改革及实践探索,其预期结果可为其他院校“一村多名大学生”和普通高职生的课程教学改革提供参考,以提高教学效果,保障人才培养质量。

略论羊毛、棉花与谷物贸易全球化对产业革命的催化作用

分析羊毛、棉花与谷物三种农牧产品在全球范围内的生产、制作与销售对英国产业革命所起的作用。第一,叙述了羊毛与圈地运动的关系,包括圈地并不只是为了获取羊毛,同时也是为了提高土地的使用效率,以应对日益增加的人口压力。第二,论述了棉花的全球化贸易对产业革命的作用,介绍了纺织业技术革命的发展过程,分析了棉纺业成为产业革命的领头羊而毛纺不能的原因,以及棉花的来源等。第三,阐述了《谷物法》的废止与自由主义贸易政策的确立过程,以及其废止对英国工农业的影响等。

“空间生产”视角下青海撒拉族传统村落公共空间变迁与重构——以三兰巴海村为例

按照社会学对于空间的“物质与社会”双重属性界定,青海撒拉族传统村落的公共空间可分为宗教性、世俗性、行政嵌入性公共空间三种。三兰巴海村公共空间的变迁体现出空间生产过程中“空间实践-空间表征-表征空间”的三元辩证关系。面对当前旅游开发背景下村落公共空间生产的建设失序、价值分化、正义缺失等问题,基于空间生产逻辑提出村落公共空间重构的策略,有助于引导乡村在社会组织协同参与下提升公共空间质量。