Achieving modernization is a universal pursuit that requires exploring unique national paths.Through years of experience,the CPC has united China behind a distinct model focused on people-centered development,cultural...Achieving modernization is a universal pursuit that requires exploring unique national paths.Through years of experience,the CPC has united China behind a distinct model focused on people-centered development,cultural enrichment,environmental harmony,and peaceful growth.This commitment to peaceful development shapes China’s approach to foreign affairs.China does not seek hegemony or confrontation.Its defense policy remains defensive and its military spending modest.While some portray China’s emergence as aggressive,the facts tell a different story.China’s 2021 defense budget was just 1.3%of its GDP,far below the global average.Meanwhile,U.S.military spending exceeds$800 billion annually and reaches 3.5%of its GDP.展开更多
The Western society pays close attention to China’s development,draws supposed commonalities between China and the emerging powers that have competed for international power in history,and uses the"Thucydides Tr...The Western society pays close attention to China’s development,draws supposed commonalities between China and the emerging powers that have competed for international power in history,and uses the"Thucydides Trap"to continuously amplify the"threat"posed by the growth of China’s national strength.This point of view is based on the historical practice of Western countries that take competition as the supreme value and stems from the Western logic that"a strong country will seek hegemony".However,the core fallacy of applying such stereotypes to China’s development lies in the lack of a genuine understanding of China’s cultural traditions and historical practices.The thought of peaceful development is the inherent gene of the Chinese culture.China’s gene for peace refers to the ideological,cultural and historical tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation by the Chinese nation to deal with interpersonal,social and international relations based on the principles of"harmony and peace the most precious","harmony in diversity",and"peace,concord and harmony",including the corresponding beliefs.展开更多
I.Understanding True Human Rights,Humans developed from primates—family living things—and,through long evolutions,finally broke away from the primate habitat and entered civilization.The more humans develop,the deep...I.Understanding True Human Rights,Humans developed from primates—family living things—and,through long evolutions,finally broke away from the primate habitat and entered civilization.The more humans develop,the deeper the distance between humans and the primate animal world.In the long-term social life of human beings,humans gradually develop a sense of goodness.展开更多
The BRI not only demonstrates the way for mankind to overcome the challenges of the 21st century,but also points out the direction to move towards a peaceful future.CHINESE President Xi Jinping proposed the Silk Road ...The BRI not only demonstrates the way for mankind to overcome the challenges of the 21st century,but also points out the direction to move towards a peaceful future.CHINESE President Xi Jinping proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in Kazakhstan and Indonesia in late 2013,and the idea was well received.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has since attracted widespread attention from around the world.展开更多
I came to China in 2005 and I have been teaching in Beijing at Minzu University of China for the past sixteen years.While I have taught a number of courses during my years in China,as far as my teaching goes,I am prob...I came to China in 2005 and I have been teaching in Beijing at Minzu University of China for the past sixteen years.While I have taught a number of courses during my years in China,as far as my teaching goes,I am probably best known for teaching Chinese university students to do public speaking and to tell the world about China in English.A common lesson I teach my students is that,whenever they can,they should make their presentations personal,including stories about their experience.It can make their presentation unique.展开更多
As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the trans...As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the transportation infrastructure. Many people living in low elevation coastal areas can become trapped by flooding with no way in or out. With Delaware being a coastal state, this would affect a large portion of the population and will have detrimental effects over time if nothing is done to combat sea level rise. The issue with sea level rise in transportation is that once the roads become flooded, they become virtually unusable and detour routes would be needed. If all the roads in a coastal area were to be affected by sea level rise, the options for detours would become limited. This article looks at direct solutions to combat sea level rise and indirect solutions that would specifically help transportation infrastructure and evacuation routes in Delaware. There is not one solution that can fix every problem, so many solutions are laid out to see what is applicable to each affected area. Some solutions include defense structures that would be put close to the coast, raising the elevation of vulnerable roads throughout the state and including pumping stations to drain the water on the surface of the road. With an understanding of all these solutions around the world, the ultimate conclusion came in the form of a six-step plan that Delaware should take in order to best design against sea level rise in these coastal areas.展开更多
The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although ...The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.展开更多
Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical ...Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical cyclones(TCs).However,there is a lack of research addressing future simultaneous combined impacts of the slow-onset of SLR and rapid-onset of TCs on China's mangroves.In order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method considering the superimposed effects of these two factors and analyze risk for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,Hainan Island,China,we used observational and climate model data to assess the risks to mangroves under low,intermediate,and very high greenhouse gas(GHG)emission scenarios(such as SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)in 2030,2050,and 2100,and compiled a risk assessment scheme for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China.The results showed that the combined risks from SLR and TCs will continue to rise;however,SLRs will increase in intensity,and TCs will decrease.The comprehensive risk of the Dongzhaigang mangroves posed by climate change will remain low under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios by 2030,but it will increase substantially by 2100.While under SSP5-8.5 scenario,the risks to mangroves in Dongzhaigang are projected to increase considerably by 2050,and approximately 68.8%of mangroves will be at very high risk by 2100.The risk to the Dongzhaigang mangroves is not only influenced by the hazards but also closely linked to their exposure and vulnerability.We therefore propose climate resilience developmental responses for mangroves to address the effects of climate change.This study for the combined impact of TCs and SLR on mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China can enrich the method system of mangrove risk assessment and provide references for scientific management.展开更多
On December 29th,CAFIU Vice-President Liu Hongcai met with the Japanese Okinawa Peace and Friendship Delegation to exchange views on the relationship and people-to-people exchanges between China and Japan.Vice-Preside...On December 29th,CAFIU Vice-President Liu Hongcai met with the Japanese Okinawa Peace and Friendship Delegation to exchange views on the relationship and people-to-people exchanges between China and Japan.Vice-President Liu Hongcai said that Okinawa-ken and China are geographically close and culturally connected,and both sides share a long history of friendly exchanges.展开更多
This paper discusses the worldview of classical Chinese Tai Chi philosophy:the holistic view,the view of Yin and Yang,view of change,view of no change,and view of harmony and their enlightenment to human peace.The hol...This paper discusses the worldview of classical Chinese Tai Chi philosophy:the holistic view,the view of Yin and Yang,view of change,view of no change,and view of harmony and their enlightenment to human peace.The holistic view inspires people to look at human society from the height of the whole earth,and consider not only national interests,but also the interests of all mankind.The view of yin-yang tells people that when analyzing problems,they should look at the two aspects of yin-yang integration,not only to consider their own national interests,but also the interests of other countries,not only to see the contradictions and conflicts between countries,but also to see mutual benefits,to develop positive factors and to overcome negative factors;The view of change tells people that national leaders should adjust their foreign relations according to the changes of the times and the situation on the premise of abiding by objective laws;The view of no change tells us to act in accordance with the laws of nature and society,and that countries should respect each other,benefit each other,and cooperate for win-win results.The view of harmony enlightens us that in international relations,we should advocate the idea of living in harmony,harmony in diversity and harmonious coexistence,and oppose hegemonism and power politics.展开更多
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have made great contributions to global peace.There are two big conflicts going on in 2024-one in Europe between Russia and Ukraine and the other in the Middle East between ...The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have made great contributions to global peace.There are two big conflicts going on in 2024-one in Europe between Russia and Ukraine and the other in the Middle East between Israel and Palestine.展开更多
Pantone has declared Pantone 13-1023Peach Fuzz as its Color of the Year for 2024.This soft peach tone reflects comforting warmth and represents a desire for unity,peace and personal well-being.The calming shade,a subl...Pantone has declared Pantone 13-1023Peach Fuzz as its Color of the Year for 2024.This soft peach tone reflects comforting warmth and represents a desire for unity,peace and personal well-being.The calming shade,a sublime blend of pink and orange,suggests fresh softness,signifying an environment that invites relaxation,reccovery and growth.The delicatehue of Pantone 13-1023 Peach Fuzz not only awakens our senses to the tactile and enveloping warmth of the color,but also influences our sense of peace and overall well-being.展开更多
The research examined the role of media in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo.The security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),particularly in the eas...The research examined the role of media in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo.The security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),particularly in the eastern region of North Kivu,has been deteriorating.The study was anchored in social identity theory.The research methodology employed for this study was qualitative,focusing on the analysis of Mr.Edgar Mateso’s contributions to Radio Okapi’s“Dialogue entre Congolais”program during the period from 2019 to 2023.The research was conducted within the broader context of the persistent war and conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo,providing valuable insights into the dynamics and challenges of addressing the ongoing insecurity and violence in the region.The study found that media,exemplified by Radio Okapi,plays a multifaceted and significant role in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).It serves as a critical source of accurate information,enabling informed decision-making regarding ceasefire agreements,peace talks,and humanitarian aid.Media fosters dialogue and understanding among different stakeholders,contributing to reconciliation efforts.Additionally,it raises awareness about the human cost of the conflict,challenges misinformation,monitors peace agreements,amplifies the concerns of the affected population,and promotes human rights and justice.Media also engages youth,serves as an early warning system,and attracts global attention to the conflict.It is recommended that media organizations in North Kivu continue their efforts to facilitate dialogue and understanding among different stakeholder groups.Additionally,media should maintain its focus on raising awareness about the human cost of the conflict,ensuring that the suffering of civilians remains in the spotlight and generates international empathy and support.Media outlets should also continue their role as watchdogs by closely monitoring the implementation of ceasefire agreements and reporting any violations transparently.To strengthen media’s role in promoting peace,there should be continued advocacy for peace through dedicated radio programs,news reports,and editorial content.Internationally,media should continue to provide comprehensive coverage of the conflict in North Kivu,attracting global attention and shaping the perception of the conflict on the global stage.Lastly,media organizations should preserve a lasting legacy of peace by archiving peace-related content,documentaries,and narratives of reconciliation.展开更多
This paper introduces to fluid state physics （fluid mechanics） a new interpretation of physical phenomena taking place in a fluid in motion. It introduces the base of a new theory claiming that every flow has its ow...This paper introduces to fluid state physics （fluid mechanics） a new interpretation of physical phenomena taking place in a fluid in motion. It introduces the base of a new theory claiming that every flow has its own internal structure of motion, which is definite organization of motion, rather than a ＂molecular chaos＂, known from the fluid statics. The paper introduces the new notion of structures vector fields of power and momentum and shows every Newtonian fluid flows are dual in character. It shows that the flow of Newtonian fluid has a dual character. It demonstrates on models and further in mathematical interpretation of physical phenomena. It introduces, on the one hand, the cycloidal motion model into the fluid mechanics, ad on the other hand an addition to the known, the classical model of Poiseuille laminar motion. The theory of dualism （double nature of physical phenomena） allows the description of selected characteristics of the flow, either by using the theory ofcycloidal motion （semicycloidal）, or by using the supplemented theory of laminar motion. The dualism theory is useful to describe each type of flows both, laminar and turbulent. This paper is only an introduction to the theory. It has been assigned number 1. It has been granted a high priority, since it contains basic concepts that will be used in others, following papers of long cycle.展开更多
文摘Achieving modernization is a universal pursuit that requires exploring unique national paths.Through years of experience,the CPC has united China behind a distinct model focused on people-centered development,cultural enrichment,environmental harmony,and peaceful growth.This commitment to peaceful development shapes China’s approach to foreign affairs.China does not seek hegemony or confrontation.Its defense policy remains defensive and its military spending modest.While some portray China’s emergence as aggressive,the facts tell a different story.China’s 2021 defense budget was just 1.3%of its GDP,far below the global average.Meanwhile,U.S.military spending exceeds$800 billion annually and reaches 3.5%of its GDP.
文摘The Western society pays close attention to China’s development,draws supposed commonalities between China and the emerging powers that have competed for international power in history,and uses the"Thucydides Trap"to continuously amplify the"threat"posed by the growth of China’s national strength.This point of view is based on the historical practice of Western countries that take competition as the supreme value and stems from the Western logic that"a strong country will seek hegemony".However,the core fallacy of applying such stereotypes to China’s development lies in the lack of a genuine understanding of China’s cultural traditions and historical practices.The thought of peaceful development is the inherent gene of the Chinese culture.China’s gene for peace refers to the ideological,cultural and historical tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation by the Chinese nation to deal with interpersonal,social and international relations based on the principles of"harmony and peace the most precious","harmony in diversity",and"peace,concord and harmony",including the corresponding beliefs.
文摘I.Understanding True Human Rights,Humans developed from primates—family living things—and,through long evolutions,finally broke away from the primate habitat and entered civilization.The more humans develop,the deeper the distance between humans and the primate animal world.In the long-term social life of human beings,humans gradually develop a sense of goodness.
文摘The BRI not only demonstrates the way for mankind to overcome the challenges of the 21st century,but also points out the direction to move towards a peaceful future.CHINESE President Xi Jinping proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in Kazakhstan and Indonesia in late 2013,and the idea was well received.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has since attracted widespread attention from around the world.
文摘I came to China in 2005 and I have been teaching in Beijing at Minzu University of China for the past sixteen years.While I have taught a number of courses during my years in China,as far as my teaching goes,I am probably best known for teaching Chinese university students to do public speaking and to tell the world about China in English.A common lesson I teach my students is that,whenever they can,they should make their presentations personal,including stories about their experience.It can make their presentation unique.
文摘As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the transportation infrastructure. Many people living in low elevation coastal areas can become trapped by flooding with no way in or out. With Delaware being a coastal state, this would affect a large portion of the population and will have detrimental effects over time if nothing is done to combat sea level rise. The issue with sea level rise in transportation is that once the roads become flooded, they become virtually unusable and detour routes would be needed. If all the roads in a coastal area were to be affected by sea level rise, the options for detours would become limited. This article looks at direct solutions to combat sea level rise and indirect solutions that would specifically help transportation infrastructure and evacuation routes in Delaware. There is not one solution that can fix every problem, so many solutions are laid out to see what is applicable to each affected area. Some solutions include defense structures that would be put close to the coast, raising the elevation of vulnerable roads throughout the state and including pumping stations to drain the water on the surface of the road. With an understanding of all these solutions around the world, the ultimate conclusion came in the form of a six-step plan that Delaware should take in order to best design against sea level rise in these coastal areas.
文摘The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0604902,2017YFA0604903,2017YFA0604901)。
文摘Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical cyclones(TCs).However,there is a lack of research addressing future simultaneous combined impacts of the slow-onset of SLR and rapid-onset of TCs on China's mangroves.In order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method considering the superimposed effects of these two factors and analyze risk for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,Hainan Island,China,we used observational and climate model data to assess the risks to mangroves under low,intermediate,and very high greenhouse gas(GHG)emission scenarios(such as SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)in 2030,2050,and 2100,and compiled a risk assessment scheme for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China.The results showed that the combined risks from SLR and TCs will continue to rise;however,SLRs will increase in intensity,and TCs will decrease.The comprehensive risk of the Dongzhaigang mangroves posed by climate change will remain low under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios by 2030,but it will increase substantially by 2100.While under SSP5-8.5 scenario,the risks to mangroves in Dongzhaigang are projected to increase considerably by 2050,and approximately 68.8%of mangroves will be at very high risk by 2100.The risk to the Dongzhaigang mangroves is not only influenced by the hazards but also closely linked to their exposure and vulnerability.We therefore propose climate resilience developmental responses for mangroves to address the effects of climate change.This study for the combined impact of TCs and SLR on mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China can enrich the method system of mangrove risk assessment and provide references for scientific management.
文摘On December 29th,CAFIU Vice-President Liu Hongcai met with the Japanese Okinawa Peace and Friendship Delegation to exchange views on the relationship and people-to-people exchanges between China and Japan.Vice-President Liu Hongcai said that Okinawa-ken and China are geographically close and culturally connected,and both sides share a long history of friendly exchanges.
文摘This paper discusses the worldview of classical Chinese Tai Chi philosophy:the holistic view,the view of Yin and Yang,view of change,view of no change,and view of harmony and their enlightenment to human peace.The holistic view inspires people to look at human society from the height of the whole earth,and consider not only national interests,but also the interests of all mankind.The view of yin-yang tells people that when analyzing problems,they should look at the two aspects of yin-yang integration,not only to consider their own national interests,but also the interests of other countries,not only to see the contradictions and conflicts between countries,but also to see mutual benefits,to develop positive factors and to overcome negative factors;The view of change tells people that national leaders should adjust their foreign relations according to the changes of the times and the situation on the premise of abiding by objective laws;The view of no change tells us to act in accordance with the laws of nature and society,and that countries should respect each other,benefit each other,and cooperate for win-win results.The view of harmony enlightens us that in international relations,we should advocate the idea of living in harmony,harmony in diversity and harmonious coexistence,and oppose hegemonism and power politics.
文摘The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have made great contributions to global peace.There are two big conflicts going on in 2024-one in Europe between Russia and Ukraine and the other in the Middle East between Israel and Palestine.
文摘Pantone has declared Pantone 13-1023Peach Fuzz as its Color of the Year for 2024.This soft peach tone reflects comforting warmth and represents a desire for unity,peace and personal well-being.The calming shade,a sublime blend of pink and orange,suggests fresh softness,signifying an environment that invites relaxation,reccovery and growth.The delicatehue of Pantone 13-1023 Peach Fuzz not only awakens our senses to the tactile and enveloping warmth of the color,but also influences our sense of peace and overall well-being.
文摘The research examined the role of media in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo.The security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),particularly in the eastern region of North Kivu,has been deteriorating.The study was anchored in social identity theory.The research methodology employed for this study was qualitative,focusing on the analysis of Mr.Edgar Mateso’s contributions to Radio Okapi’s“Dialogue entre Congolais”program during the period from 2019 to 2023.The research was conducted within the broader context of the persistent war and conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo,providing valuable insights into the dynamics and challenges of addressing the ongoing insecurity and violence in the region.The study found that media,exemplified by Radio Okapi,plays a multifaceted and significant role in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).It serves as a critical source of accurate information,enabling informed decision-making regarding ceasefire agreements,peace talks,and humanitarian aid.Media fosters dialogue and understanding among different stakeholders,contributing to reconciliation efforts.Additionally,it raises awareness about the human cost of the conflict,challenges misinformation,monitors peace agreements,amplifies the concerns of the affected population,and promotes human rights and justice.Media also engages youth,serves as an early warning system,and attracts global attention to the conflict.It is recommended that media organizations in North Kivu continue their efforts to facilitate dialogue and understanding among different stakeholder groups.Additionally,media should maintain its focus on raising awareness about the human cost of the conflict,ensuring that the suffering of civilians remains in the spotlight and generates international empathy and support.Media outlets should also continue their role as watchdogs by closely monitoring the implementation of ceasefire agreements and reporting any violations transparently.To strengthen media’s role in promoting peace,there should be continued advocacy for peace through dedicated radio programs,news reports,and editorial content.Internationally,media should continue to provide comprehensive coverage of the conflict in North Kivu,attracting global attention and shaping the perception of the conflict on the global stage.Lastly,media organizations should preserve a lasting legacy of peace by archiving peace-related content,documentaries,and narratives of reconciliation.
文摘This paper introduces to fluid state physics （fluid mechanics） a new interpretation of physical phenomena taking place in a fluid in motion. It introduces the base of a new theory claiming that every flow has its own internal structure of motion, which is definite organization of motion, rather than a ＂molecular chaos＂, known from the fluid statics. The paper introduces the new notion of structures vector fields of power and momentum and shows every Newtonian fluid flows are dual in character. It shows that the flow of Newtonian fluid has a dual character. It demonstrates on models and further in mathematical interpretation of physical phenomena. It introduces, on the one hand, the cycloidal motion model into the fluid mechanics, ad on the other hand an addition to the known, the classical model of Poiseuille laminar motion. The theory of dualism （double nature of physical phenomena） allows the description of selected characteristics of the flow, either by using the theory ofcycloidal motion （semicycloidal）, or by using the supplemented theory of laminar motion. The dualism theory is useful to describe each type of flows both, laminar and turbulent. This paper is only an introduction to the theory. It has been assigned number 1. It has been granted a high priority, since it contains basic concepts that will be used in others, following papers of long cycle.
