Hedge funds have traditionally served wealthy individuals and institutional investors with the promise of delivering protection of capital and uncorrelated positive returns irrespective of market direction,allowing th...Hedge funds have traditionally served wealthy individuals and institutional investors with the promise of delivering protection of capital and uncorrelated positive returns irrespective of market direction,allowing them to better manage portfolio risk.However,the financial crisis of 2008 has heightened investor sensitivity to the high fees,illiquidity,lack of transparency,and lockup periods typically associated with hedge funds.Hedge fund replication products,or clones,seek to answer these challenges by providing daily liquidity,transparency,and immediate exposure to a desired hedge fund strategy.Nonetheless,although lowering cost and adding simplicity by using a common set of factors,traditional replication products might offer lower risk-reward performance compared to hedge funds.This research explores hedge fund replication further by examining the importance of constructing clones with specific factors relevant to each hedge fund strategy,and then compares the strategy specific clone risk and reward performance against both actual hedge fund performance and hedge fund clones constructed using a more general set of common factors.Testing shows that using strategy specific factors to replicate common hedge fund strategies can offer superior risk-reward performance compared to previous general model clones.展开更多
Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions...Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds,thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers.This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.展开更多
Previous studies show that individual investors play a dominant role in China's stock market.Their behavior of chasing-rise being stronger than killing-fall leads to asymmetry of feedback trading.Our article inves...Previous studies show that individual investors play a dominant role in China's stock market.Their behavior of chasing-rise being stronger than killing-fall leads to asymmetry of feedback trading.Our article investigates how mutual funds react to this market force.Using China's stock and fund data from 2003 to 2019,we find that mutual funds tend to hold fewer shares when asymmetric feedback trading of the relevant stock gets more intense.This negative relationship is robust after controlling past returns,turnover rates,and firm risk factors,moreover,it attenuates when the market sentiment is bullish or when stocks are allowed short-selling.Further results show that mutual funds'selling towards asymmetric feedback trading does not make excess return but leads to significant risk reduction.Our findings may be related to uncertainty associated with asymmetric feedback trading,and thus support the limit market participation theory from the second largest stock market.展开更多
This paper studies the relationship between fund investment and market liquidity by using Chinese security market data. The results show that, among several measures of market liquidity, the indexes based on volume, s...This paper studies the relationship between fund investment and market liquidity by using Chinese security market data. The results show that, among several measures of market liquidity, the indexes based on volume, such as turnover and market depth, have a deeper impact on fund investment decision. Furthermore, the relationship between security liquidity and fund investment varies when market status is taken into account. On the other hand, fund investments have a negative effect on security liquidity measured by market width, while have a positive effect on other liquidity measures. The authors attribute the results to herding behavior of fund investment.展开更多
US$43 billion earmarked for core Industries China plans to invest US$43.1 billion in 1994 to upgrade its core industries. That will be an increase of 13.6 % over 1993’s expenditure, projected at US$37.9 billion. Bank...US$43 billion earmarked for core Industries China plans to invest US$43.1 billion in 1994 to upgrade its core industries. That will be an increase of 13.6 % over 1993’s expenditure, projected at US$37.9 billion. Banks will provide US$12 billion of 1994’s investment, up 29.6%. Chinese officials hope foreign investors will join the bandwagon to help spruce up展开更多
Neo-merchantalism is the use of national currency in international trade among countries to increase global trade. This is called as open currency in the study. Neo-merchantalism also includes open trade to facilitate...Neo-merchantalism is the use of national currency in international trade among countries to increase global trade. This is called as open currency in the study. Neo-merchantalism also includes open trade to facilitate trade among countries. Thirdly, neo-merchantalism covers International Monetary Fund （IMF）. Because IMF regulates and controls money flow among countries in international trade, neo-merchantalism could be presented as follows： neo-merchantalism = open trade ＋ open currency ＋ IMF. Open trade and open currency exist in merchantalism theory. But today, there is also IMF control. Therefore, neo-merchantalism = merchantalism ＋ IMF. Globalism started in 1990 in global markets. It increased the amount of global trade from 13 trillion dollars to 60 trillion dollars. Therefore, each country has 6%-7% economic growth in global markets in the 2000s. It is expected that neo-merchantalism theory doubles global trade up to 100 trillion dollars. Because each country uses its money to do intemational trade, IMF＇s restrictions are important in currency flow, as countries may overprint their money to do more trade that increases inflation rate in global economies. For example, emission of United States （US） dollars increased 50% after 2008 crises in American economy. Therefore, the Federal Reserve aims to stop quantitative enlargement policy in order to impede inflation in American economy. In neo-merchantalism, IMF can restrict money print and currency flow according to country＇s gross domestic product （GDP）, because quantity theory in economy requires that a country can issue its national currency according to its national GDP.展开更多
基金The Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology provided graduate assistantship funding for Mr.Sujit Subhash.
文摘Hedge funds have traditionally served wealthy individuals and institutional investors with the promise of delivering protection of capital and uncorrelated positive returns irrespective of market direction,allowing them to better manage portfolio risk.However,the financial crisis of 2008 has heightened investor sensitivity to the high fees,illiquidity,lack of transparency,and lockup periods typically associated with hedge funds.Hedge fund replication products,or clones,seek to answer these challenges by providing daily liquidity,transparency,and immediate exposure to a desired hedge fund strategy.Nonetheless,although lowering cost and adding simplicity by using a common set of factors,traditional replication products might offer lower risk-reward performance compared to hedge funds.This research explores hedge fund replication further by examining the importance of constructing clones with specific factors relevant to each hedge fund strategy,and then compares the strategy specific clone risk and reward performance against both actual hedge fund performance and hedge fund clones constructed using a more general set of common factors.Testing shows that using strategy specific factors to replicate common hedge fund strategies can offer superior risk-reward performance compared to previous general model clones.
文摘Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds,thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers.This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.T2293771)National Social ScienceFoundation of China[Grant No.21BJY265]+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation[Grant No.LY21G010001]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(Humanities and Social Sciences)[Grant No.XR202211].
文摘Previous studies show that individual investors play a dominant role in China's stock market.Their behavior of chasing-rise being stronger than killing-fall leads to asymmetry of feedback trading.Our article investigates how mutual funds react to this market force.Using China's stock and fund data from 2003 to 2019,we find that mutual funds tend to hold fewer shares when asymmetric feedback trading of the relevant stock gets more intense.This negative relationship is robust after controlling past returns,turnover rates,and firm risk factors,moreover,it attenuates when the market sentiment is bullish or when stocks are allowed short-selling.Further results show that mutual funds'selling towards asymmetric feedback trading does not make excess return but leads to significant risk reduction.Our findings may be related to uncertainty associated with asymmetric feedback trading,and thus support the limit market participation theory from the second largest stock market.
文摘This paper studies the relationship between fund investment and market liquidity by using Chinese security market data. The results show that, among several measures of market liquidity, the indexes based on volume, such as turnover and market depth, have a deeper impact on fund investment decision. Furthermore, the relationship between security liquidity and fund investment varies when market status is taken into account. On the other hand, fund investments have a negative effect on security liquidity measured by market width, while have a positive effect on other liquidity measures. The authors attribute the results to herding behavior of fund investment.
文摘US$43 billion earmarked for core Industries China plans to invest US$43.1 billion in 1994 to upgrade its core industries. That will be an increase of 13.6 % over 1993’s expenditure, projected at US$37.9 billion. Banks will provide US$12 billion of 1994’s investment, up 29.6%. Chinese officials hope foreign investors will join the bandwagon to help spruce up
文摘Neo-merchantalism is the use of national currency in international trade among countries to increase global trade. This is called as open currency in the study. Neo-merchantalism also includes open trade to facilitate trade among countries. Thirdly, neo-merchantalism covers International Monetary Fund （IMF）. Because IMF regulates and controls money flow among countries in international trade, neo-merchantalism could be presented as follows： neo-merchantalism = open trade ＋ open currency ＋ IMF. Open trade and open currency exist in merchantalism theory. But today, there is also IMF control. Therefore, neo-merchantalism = merchantalism ＋ IMF. Globalism started in 1990 in global markets. It increased the amount of global trade from 13 trillion dollars to 60 trillion dollars. Therefore, each country has 6%-7% economic growth in global markets in the 2000s. It is expected that neo-merchantalism theory doubles global trade up to 100 trillion dollars. Because each country uses its money to do intemational trade, IMF＇s restrictions are important in currency flow, as countries may overprint their money to do more trade that increases inflation rate in global economies. For example, emission of United States （US） dollars increased 50% after 2008 crises in American economy. Therefore, the Federal Reserve aims to stop quantitative enlargement policy in order to impede inflation in American economy. In neo-merchantalism, IMF can restrict money print and currency flow according to country＇s gross domestic product （GDP）, because quantity theory in economy requires that a country can issue its national currency according to its national GDP.
