Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high prepar...Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of ...Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: ricerice-milk vetch(RRV), rice-rice-rape(RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass(RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow(RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.展开更多
Dissimilatory Fe（Ⅲ） reduction is an important process in the geochemical cycle of iron in anoxic environment. As the main products of dissimilatory iron reduction, the Fe（Ⅱ） species accumulation could indicate t...Dissimilatory Fe（Ⅲ） reduction is an important process in the geochemical cycle of iron in anoxic environment. As the main products of dissimilatory iron reduction, the Fe（Ⅱ） species accumulation could indicate the reduction ability. The effects of different green manures on Fe（Ⅲ） reduction in paddy soil were explored based on a 31-year rice-rice-winter green manure cropping experiment. Four treatments were involved, i.e., rice-rice-milk vetch （RRV）, rice-rice-rape （RRP）, rice-rice-ryegrass （RRG） and rice-rice-winter fallow （RRF）. Soils were sampled at flowering stage of milk vetch and rape （S1）, before transplantation （S2）, at tillering （S3）, jointing （S4）, and mature （S5） stages of the early rice, and after the harvest of the late rice （S6）. The contents of TFeHa （HCI-extractable total Fe）, Fe（Ⅱ）HCI （HCI-extractable Fe（Ⅱ） species） and Fe（Ⅲ）HCI （HCI- extractable Fe（Ⅲ） species） were measured. The correlations among those Fe species with selected soil environmental factors and the dynamic characteristics of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI accumulation were investigated. The results showed that TFeHc~ in RRF was significantly higher than those in the green manure treatments at most of the sampling stages. Fe（II）Ha increased rapidly after the incorporation of green manures in all treatments and kept rising with the growth of early rice. Fe（Ⅱ）Ha in RRG was quite different from those in other treatments, i.e., it reached the highest at the S2 stage, then increased slowly and became the lowest one at the S4 and S5 stages. Fe（Ⅲ）Ha showed oppositely, and Fe（Ⅱ）HCI/Fe（Ⅲ）HCI performed similarly to Fe（Ⅱ）HCI The maximum accumulation potential of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI was significantly higher in RRF, while the highest maximum reaction rate of Fe（Ⅱ）Ha accumulation appeared in RRG. Significant correlations were found between the indexes of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI accumulation and soil pH, oxidation-reduction potential （Eh） and total organic acids, respectively. In together, we found that long-term application of green manures decreased the TFeHa in red paddy soils, but promoted the ability of Fe（lll） reduction, especially the ryegrass; Fe（Ⅱ）Ha increased along with the growth of rice and was affected by soil conditions and environmental factors, especially the water and redox ability.展开更多
Based on the research at home and abroad in recent years,this paper summarizes the recycling of metals in red mud,the preparation of cement and concrete with red mud,and the preparation of cementitious materials with ...Based on the research at home and abroad in recent years,this paper summarizes the recycling of metals in red mud,the preparation of cement and concrete with red mud,and the preparation of cementitious materials with red mud,so as to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of waste and turning waste into wealth,make positive contribution to environmental protection,and ensure the green and sustainable development of various industries.展开更多
目的建立实时SYBR Green I定量RT-PCR检测人TIM-1和TIM-3mRNA的方法。方法从人外周血单个核细胞提取的总RNA中逆转录扩增人TIM-1和TIM-3的cDNA,将将纯化的人TIM-1和TIM-3的扩增产物分别与pMD18-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌DH5α,...目的建立实时SYBR Green I定量RT-PCR检测人TIM-1和TIM-3mRNA的方法。方法从人外周血单个核细胞提取的总RNA中逆转录扩增人TIM-1和TIM-3的cDNA,将将纯化的人TIM-1和TIM-3的扩增产物分别与pMD18-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌DH5α,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析。纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验。结果建立了TIM-1和TIM-3基因基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,检测灵敏度达103拷贝,线性范围为103-107拷贝。阈值循环数(Ct)与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为1.00和1.00,扩增效率分别为1.070和1.023,批内及批间变异系数<5%。熔解曲线分析表明,产物为特异的单峰。结论我们成功建立检测人TIM-1和TIM-3的实时荧光定量PCR方法,为进一步研究人TIM-1和TIM-3功能奠定基础。展开更多
为检测比格犬α和β-干扰素(CaIFN-α和CaIFN-β),本研究根据GenBank中登录的IFN-α和IFN-β基因序列,分别设计合成特异性引物,以犬3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GAPDH)mRNA为内参,建立SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。通过RT-PCR分别扩增IFN...为检测比格犬α和β-干扰素(CaIFN-α和CaIFN-β),本研究根据GenBank中登录的IFN-α和IFN-β基因序列,分别设计合成特异性引物,以犬3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GAPDH)mRNA为内参,建立SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。通过RT-PCR分别扩增IFN-α、IFN-β和GAPDH的基因片段,并克隆于pMD19-T载体中制备标准品,建立荧光定量RT-PCR标准曲线。结果表明:IFN-α和IFN-β和GAPDH基因的Ct值与标准品稀释度在1×102拷贝/μL^1×108拷贝/μL内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.994。组内组间变异系数均小于3%,特异性和重复性较好。同时采用常规RT-PCR方法与本研究建立的方法对30份临床样品检测,结果显示IFN-α和IFN-β的阳性符合率分别为96.43%和96.55%。本研究建立的检测方法为比格犬IFN mRNA的定量分析提供了有效手段。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51671052,51750110513,52250610222)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N182502042)the Liao Ning Revitilization Talents Program(XLYC1902105)。
文摘Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (2013–2017)the Chinese Outstanding Talents Program in Agricultural Sciences
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: ricerice-milk vetch(RRV), rice-rice-rape(RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass(RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow(RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201103005)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2013–2017)
文摘Dissimilatory Fe（Ⅲ） reduction is an important process in the geochemical cycle of iron in anoxic environment. As the main products of dissimilatory iron reduction, the Fe（Ⅱ） species accumulation could indicate the reduction ability. The effects of different green manures on Fe（Ⅲ） reduction in paddy soil were explored based on a 31-year rice-rice-winter green manure cropping experiment. Four treatments were involved, i.e., rice-rice-milk vetch （RRV）, rice-rice-rape （RRP）, rice-rice-ryegrass （RRG） and rice-rice-winter fallow （RRF）. Soils were sampled at flowering stage of milk vetch and rape （S1）, before transplantation （S2）, at tillering （S3）, jointing （S4）, and mature （S5） stages of the early rice, and after the harvest of the late rice （S6）. The contents of TFeHa （HCI-extractable total Fe）, Fe（Ⅱ）HCI （HCI-extractable Fe（Ⅱ） species） and Fe（Ⅲ）HCI （HCI- extractable Fe（Ⅲ） species） were measured. The correlations among those Fe species with selected soil environmental factors and the dynamic characteristics of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI accumulation were investigated. The results showed that TFeHc~ in RRF was significantly higher than those in the green manure treatments at most of the sampling stages. Fe（II）Ha increased rapidly after the incorporation of green manures in all treatments and kept rising with the growth of early rice. Fe（Ⅱ）Ha in RRG was quite different from those in other treatments, i.e., it reached the highest at the S2 stage, then increased slowly and became the lowest one at the S4 and S5 stages. Fe（Ⅲ）Ha showed oppositely, and Fe（Ⅱ）HCI/Fe（Ⅲ）HCI performed similarly to Fe（Ⅱ）HCI The maximum accumulation potential of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI was significantly higher in RRF, while the highest maximum reaction rate of Fe（Ⅱ）Ha accumulation appeared in RRG. Significant correlations were found between the indexes of Fe（Ⅱ）HCI accumulation and soil pH, oxidation-reduction potential （Eh） and total organic acids, respectively. In together, we found that long-term application of green manures decreased the TFeHa in red paddy soils, but promoted the ability of Fe（lll） reduction, especially the ryegrass; Fe（Ⅱ）Ha increased along with the growth of rice and was affected by soil conditions and environmental factors, especially the water and redox ability.
基金Supported by Natural Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi University of Technology(ZR2010)Provincial College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(S202310846004,S202310846007).
文摘Based on the research at home and abroad in recent years,this paper summarizes the recycling of metals in red mud,the preparation of cement and concrete with red mud,and the preparation of cementitious materials with red mud,so as to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of waste and turning waste into wealth,make positive contribution to environmental protection,and ensure the green and sustainable development of various industries.
文摘目的建立实时SYBR Green I定量RT-PCR检测人TIM-1和TIM-3mRNA的方法。方法从人外周血单个核细胞提取的总RNA中逆转录扩增人TIM-1和TIM-3的cDNA,将将纯化的人TIM-1和TIM-3的扩增产物分别与pMD18-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌DH5α,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析。纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验。结果建立了TIM-1和TIM-3基因基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,检测灵敏度达103拷贝,线性范围为103-107拷贝。阈值循环数(Ct)与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为1.00和1.00,扩增效率分别为1.070和1.023,批内及批间变异系数<5%。熔解曲线分析表明,产物为特异的单峰。结论我们成功建立检测人TIM-1和TIM-3的实时荧光定量PCR方法,为进一步研究人TIM-1和TIM-3功能奠定基础。
文摘为检测比格犬α和β-干扰素(CaIFN-α和CaIFN-β),本研究根据GenBank中登录的IFN-α和IFN-β基因序列,分别设计合成特异性引物,以犬3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GAPDH)mRNA为内参,建立SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。通过RT-PCR分别扩增IFN-α、IFN-β和GAPDH的基因片段,并克隆于pMD19-T载体中制备标准品,建立荧光定量RT-PCR标准曲线。结果表明:IFN-α和IFN-β和GAPDH基因的Ct值与标准品稀释度在1×102拷贝/μL^1×108拷贝/μL内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.994。组内组间变异系数均小于3%,特异性和重复性较好。同时采用常规RT-PCR方法与本研究建立的方法对30份临床样品检测,结果显示IFN-α和IFN-β的阳性符合率分别为96.43%和96.55%。本研究建立的检测方法为比格犬IFN mRNA的定量分析提供了有效手段。
