Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine...Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 different European and other Western countries. The data for food supply and GDP were collected from the database of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, respectively, and the amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. Countries were divided equally according to GDP values into two categories, higher and lower, and the amount and composition of food polyamines as well as dietary profile were compared. Higher GDP countries supply animal products and seafood in greater amounts than lower GDP countries;however, whole milk supply per calorie was higher in lower GDP than higher GDP countries. While crops supply was relatively higher in lower GDP countries, fruit supply was greater in higher GDP countries. Higher GDP was associated with increased amount of spermine and putrescine per total calorie, although spermidine amount per calorie was similar between higher and lower GDP countries. GDP, as an indicator of countries’ socioeconomic status, is associated with the amount and the composition of polyamines as well as dietary pattern.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the treatment guidelines for left sided diverticulitis are clear,the management of right colonic diverticulitis is not well established.This disease can no longer be ignored due to significant spre...BACKGROUND Although the treatment guidelines for left sided diverticulitis are clear,the management of right colonic diverticulitis is not well established.This disease can no longer be ignored due to significant spread throughout Asia.AIM To analyse epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of right-sided diverticulitis in western countries.METHODS MEDLINE and PubMed searches were performed using the key words "rightsided diverticulitis","right colon diverticulitis","caecal diverticulitis","ascending colon diverticulitis" and "caecum diverticula" in order to find relevant articles published until 2021.RESULTS A total of 18 studies with 422 patients were found.Correct diagnosis was made only in 32.2%,mostly intraoperatively or via CT scan.The main reason for misdiagnosis was a suspected acute appendicitis(56.8%).The treatment was a nonoperative management(NOM)in 184 patients(43.6%)and surgical in 238 patients(56.4%),seven of which after NOM failure.Recurrence rate was low(5.45%),similar to eastern studies and inferior to left-sided diverticulitis.Recurrent patients were successfully conservatively retreated in most cases.CONCLUSION The management of right-sided diverticulitis is not well clarified in the western world and no selective guidelines have been considered even if principles are similar to those with left-sided diverticulitis.Wrong diagnosis is one of the most important problems and CT scan seems to be the best imaging modality.NOM offers a safe and effective treatment;surgery should be considered only in cases of complicated diverticulitis or if malignancy cannot be excluded.Further studies are needed to clarify the correct treatment.展开更多
With the continuous process of globalization, the intercultural communication between China and Western countries is steadily expanded. Due to different cultural backgrounds, misunderstandings are inevitable in interc...With the continuous process of globalization, the intercultural communication between China and Western countries is steadily expanded. Due to different cultural backgrounds, misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural exchanges, which may cause embarrassing situation or unnecessary trouble. As a part of culture, taboo customs involve political, economical, social, and many other aspects, ranging from people’s daily life to the global diplomacy. Thus, studies on taboo customs in China and Western countries are meaningful to the understanding of different cultures. This paper mainly discusses the taboo customs from two aspects, in intercultural verbal communication and nonverbal communication, which is necessary for the smoothness and effectiveness of intercultural exchanges.展开更多
This paper attempts to discuss dining etiquette difference in China and western countries from the aspect of across-cultural communication by meticulously selecting many fresh examples. The author puts forward the mai...This paper attempts to discuss dining etiquette difference in China and western countries from the aspect of across-cultural communication by meticulously selecting many fresh examples. The author puts forward the main difference of dinner etiquette and the reasons for differences. It concludes that the methods for avoiding conflict. The research can offer a little help to the cross-cultural communication.展开更多
With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Ch...With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.展开更多
With the deep-going development of globalization and enhanced African unity for self-improvement, the international community is paying more and more attention to the standing of Africa and the role it plays. The Unit...With the deep-going development of globalization and enhanced African unity for self-improvement, the international community is paying more and more attention to the standing of Africa and the role it plays. The United States, Japan, Russia, India and the European Union (EU), are strengthening and upgrading, out of their own needs, their political and economic relations with African countries in a bid to consolidate their strategic interests in the continent.展开更多
1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human soc...1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human social life.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.According to the Chinese history,drinking is such a common thing展开更多
As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted de...As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.展开更多
文摘Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 different European and other Western countries. The data for food supply and GDP were collected from the database of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, respectively, and the amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. Countries were divided equally according to GDP values into two categories, higher and lower, and the amount and composition of food polyamines as well as dietary profile were compared. Higher GDP countries supply animal products and seafood in greater amounts than lower GDP countries;however, whole milk supply per calorie was higher in lower GDP than higher GDP countries. While crops supply was relatively higher in lower GDP countries, fruit supply was greater in higher GDP countries. Higher GDP was associated with increased amount of spermine and putrescine per total calorie, although spermidine amount per calorie was similar between higher and lower GDP countries. GDP, as an indicator of countries’ socioeconomic status, is associated with the amount and the composition of polyamines as well as dietary pattern.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the treatment guidelines for left sided diverticulitis are clear,the management of right colonic diverticulitis is not well established.This disease can no longer be ignored due to significant spread throughout Asia.AIM To analyse epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of right-sided diverticulitis in western countries.METHODS MEDLINE and PubMed searches were performed using the key words "rightsided diverticulitis","right colon diverticulitis","caecal diverticulitis","ascending colon diverticulitis" and "caecum diverticula" in order to find relevant articles published until 2021.RESULTS A total of 18 studies with 422 patients were found.Correct diagnosis was made only in 32.2%,mostly intraoperatively or via CT scan.The main reason for misdiagnosis was a suspected acute appendicitis(56.8%).The treatment was a nonoperative management(NOM)in 184 patients(43.6%)and surgical in 238 patients(56.4%),seven of which after NOM failure.Recurrence rate was low(5.45%),similar to eastern studies and inferior to left-sided diverticulitis.Recurrent patients were successfully conservatively retreated in most cases.CONCLUSION The management of right-sided diverticulitis is not well clarified in the western world and no selective guidelines have been considered even if principles are similar to those with left-sided diverticulitis.Wrong diagnosis is one of the most important problems and CT scan seems to be the best imaging modality.NOM offers a safe and effective treatment;surgery should be considered only in cases of complicated diverticulitis or if malignancy cannot be excluded.Further studies are needed to clarify the correct treatment.
文摘With the continuous process of globalization, the intercultural communication between China and Western countries is steadily expanded. Due to different cultural backgrounds, misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural exchanges, which may cause embarrassing situation or unnecessary trouble. As a part of culture, taboo customs involve political, economical, social, and many other aspects, ranging from people’s daily life to the global diplomacy. Thus, studies on taboo customs in China and Western countries are meaningful to the understanding of different cultures. This paper mainly discusses the taboo customs from two aspects, in intercultural verbal communication and nonverbal communication, which is necessary for the smoothness and effectiveness of intercultural exchanges.
文摘This paper attempts to discuss dining etiquette difference in China and western countries from the aspect of across-cultural communication by meticulously selecting many fresh examples. The author puts forward the main difference of dinner etiquette and the reasons for differences. It concludes that the methods for avoiding conflict. The research can offer a little help to the cross-cultural communication.
文摘With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.
文摘With the deep-going development of globalization and enhanced African unity for self-improvement, the international community is paying more and more attention to the standing of Africa and the role it plays. The United States, Japan, Russia, India and the European Union (EU), are strengthening and upgrading, out of their own needs, their political and economic relations with African countries in a bid to consolidate their strategic interests in the continent.
文摘1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human social life.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.According to the Chinese history,drinking is such a common thing
基金the paper is the phased achievement of Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China——“Study on the Supporting Policies in Limited Development Zones”(11BJL058) directed by the author
文摘As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.
