Background: Acquired See-saw Nystagmus (SSN) is a rare form of nystagmus characterized by elevation and intorsion of one eye with synchronous depression and intorsion of the contralateral eye in the first half cycle, ...Background: Acquired See-saw Nystagmus (SSN) is a rare form of nystagmus characterized by elevation and intorsion of one eye with synchronous depression and intorsion of the contralateral eye in the first half cycle, followed by a reversal in the direction of the movements during the next half cycle. We herein report a case of a 47-year-old woman with a 3-year history of constant diplopia as a consequence of multiple neurosurgical interventions due to hemorrhage from a cavernous angioma located in the subthalamic region. She also had a history of major depressive disorder and ulcerative colitis. The patient underwent a surgical intervention with a 5 mm bilateral recession of the superior and inferior rectus muscles. Five years after surgery, the patient reported less recurrent and prominent episodes of transient horizontal deviation with horizontal diplopia, with a prevalence of well-being and comfort.展开更多
A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very litt...A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect. We present a study of the physics of neutrinos using the Dirac lagrangian. Based on Lorentz invariance we introduce the notion of Majorana spinor. Then we derive the mass terms for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. We further discuss the general framework of the See-Saw mechanism considering a simplification of the problem.展开更多
Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is a key component of the Earth Climate System and identification of its changes during the 20th Century is critical to the understanding of its variation characteristics and the...Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is a key component of the Earth Climate System and identification of its changes during the 20th Century is critical to the understanding of its variation characteristics and the corresponding climatic impacts.Previous researches have been inconclusive,with the results varying depending on the approach used to measure THC.The results for the two established approaches for measurement of the phenomenon(direct observation and indirect reconstruction) are contradictive(weakening and non-weakening),and their credibility needs improving.Based on the tight relationship between THC anomaly and "see-saw" intensities of Sea Surface Temperature(SST) and Surface Air Temperature(SAT),we first diagnose their quantitative relationship in the model experiments,which is corresponding to its two possible scenarios,and then reconstruct the changes of THC during the 20th Century respectively with multiple observed datasets of SST and SAT.Model results show that THC anomaly and SST/SAT "see-saw" intensities are well correlated in timescales longer than 10/40 years under scenarios of weakening/non-weakening respectively.Two kinds of reconstructions here are consistent with each other,and we propose that THC has undergone a 2-cycle oscillation with inter-decadal scale since the Industrial Revolution with a magnitude of about 1 Sv.The transformation times of decadal trend are around the mid-1910s,the 1940s,and the mid-1970s.This research further validates the main results of previous reconstructions,and points out that THC does not have a long-term weakening during the 20th Century.展开更多
文摘Background: Acquired See-saw Nystagmus (SSN) is a rare form of nystagmus characterized by elevation and intorsion of one eye with synchronous depression and intorsion of the contralateral eye in the first half cycle, followed by a reversal in the direction of the movements during the next half cycle. We herein report a case of a 47-year-old woman with a 3-year history of constant diplopia as a consequence of multiple neurosurgical interventions due to hemorrhage from a cavernous angioma located in the subthalamic region. She also had a history of major depressive disorder and ulcerative colitis. The patient underwent a surgical intervention with a 5 mm bilateral recession of the superior and inferior rectus muscles. Five years after surgery, the patient reported less recurrent and prominent episodes of transient horizontal deviation with horizontal diplopia, with a prevalence of well-being and comfort.
文摘A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect. We present a study of the physics of neutrinos using the Dirac lagrangian. Based on Lorentz invariance we introduce the notion of Majorana spinor. Then we derive the mass terms for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. We further discuss the general framework of the See-Saw mechanism considering a simplification of the problem.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2012CB955200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41130105,40776017)+2 种基金Open Project of KLME,NUIST(Grant No. LLME0507)Special Public Sector Research of CMA,China(Grant No. GYHY200906016)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is a key component of the Earth Climate System and identification of its changes during the 20th Century is critical to the understanding of its variation characteristics and the corresponding climatic impacts.Previous researches have been inconclusive,with the results varying depending on the approach used to measure THC.The results for the two established approaches for measurement of the phenomenon(direct observation and indirect reconstruction) are contradictive(weakening and non-weakening),and their credibility needs improving.Based on the tight relationship between THC anomaly and "see-saw" intensities of Sea Surface Temperature(SST) and Surface Air Temperature(SAT),we first diagnose their quantitative relationship in the model experiments,which is corresponding to its two possible scenarios,and then reconstruct the changes of THC during the 20th Century respectively with multiple observed datasets of SST and SAT.Model results show that THC anomaly and SST/SAT "see-saw" intensities are well correlated in timescales longer than 10/40 years under scenarios of weakening/non-weakening respectively.Two kinds of reconstructions here are consistent with each other,and we propose that THC has undergone a 2-cycle oscillation with inter-decadal scale since the Industrial Revolution with a magnitude of about 1 Sv.The transformation times of decadal trend are around the mid-1910s,the 1940s,and the mid-1970s.This research further validates the main results of previous reconstructions,and points out that THC does not have a long-term weakening during the 20th Century.
