Research Progress on Manglietia ventii,A Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations

Manglietia ventii is a wild plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,mainly distributed in southeast Yunnan.Due to the continuous deterioration of natural habitats,excessive felling and utilization of human beings,and the decline of breeding ability,the number of individuals in the population has decreased significantly.Through field investigation and literature review,the research status of M.ventii in systematics,conservation ecology,reproductive biology,genetic diversity,endangered mechanism and resource protection at home and abroad are systematically reviewed.And the future research direction is prospected.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the basic characteristics of M.ventii,explore the transmission route of M.ventii and deepen the development and utilization of resources,in order to provide a theoretical support for the protection and sustainable utilization of germplasm resources of M.ventii,and provide a reference for the protection of other wild plant species with extremely small populations.

Comparative population genetic analyses suggest hybrid origin of Rhododendron pubicostatum,an endangered plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,China

Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach.Genetic diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this genus.Interestingly,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened Rh.pubicostatum.This sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since Rh.pubicostatum is predominant here.Unimodal hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the genus.Issues pertaining to the conservation of Rh.pubicostatum resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.

Utilization and Management of Small Fishery Population Resources in Coastal and Offshore Areas of China

There are numerous types of living resources in coastal and offshore areas of China. In recent years,both the population type and quantity structure have significant changes,and the stock of small fishery population resources is increasing. This population is precious protein resource. It is urgent to study how to take prompt and effective fishing and take full advantage of processing,utilization and management. Traditional utilization methods are limited by many factors. The utilization efficiency is extremely low. The feed conversion rate of some mariculture fishes with fresh small trash fishes as feeds is even as low as 0. 2. Innovative production and management organization model with aquatic enterprises as leaders greatly increases the utilization efficiency of small fish resources with the aid of marine processing mother ship. In order to further accelerate developing and utilizing small fishery population resources in coastal and offshore areas,China should launch survey and utilization researches of small fishery population resources in coastal and offshore areas,formulate practical and feasible laws,regulations and policies,actively encourage and support autonomous innovative management mode of enterprises,and promote effective utilization and management of coastal and offshore fishery resources.

Study on Resource Status and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)in Xinjiang

In recent years,the protection of PSESP has gradually become a hot issue in biodiversity research.Through the investigation and analysis of PSESP in Xinjiang,it is shown that:①there are 75 species of PSESP in Xinjiang,including 22 species of trees,18 species of shrubs and 35 species of herbs.The habitats are mainly in extremely cold,extremely dry or extremely narrow conditions such as snow line,desert,mountain,wetland and so on.②53 species(70.67%)are listed as national or autonomous region protected plants,and 22 species of PSESP are not listed in the protection;there are 70 species of PSESP listed in the red list,accounting for 93.33%.③The PSESP in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in the Altai Mountains,western Tianshan Mountains,Pamir Plateau and Karakoram Mountains;they are distributed in all kinds of nature reserves,forest parks,wetland parks and other natural ecological protection areas in Xinjiang.Ammopiptanthus nanus(M.Pop.)Cheng F.,Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight,Calligonum roborovskii A.Los.and Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart have not been found in the literature,indicating that they are distributed in protected areas.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of biodiversity in Xinjiang,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of PSESP.

Population and Food in Asian Developing Countries

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Impact of Plastic Waste on the Human Health in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, and 26 were selected for full-text review. Only three articles were retained. The three articles dealt with practices likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic chemicals in human health, as well as the level of awareness of participants concerning the possible impact of plastic on human health, namely, the use of plastic baby bottles, the use of microwaves to cook food and reheat precooked food, the use of plastic bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier containers with plastic bodies and plastic lunch boxes, the reuse of plastic bags and the inadequacy of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Plastic waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life cycle. Hence, strategies must be adopted to raise public awareness of the dangers of plastic waste to their health. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID = CRD42023409087).

Real-Time Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on Most Populated Countries Worldwide

The spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has already taken on pandemic extents,influencing even more than 200 nations in a couple of months.Although,regulation measures in China have decreased new cases by over 98%,this decrease is not the situation everywhere,and most of the countries still have been affected by it.The objective of this research work is to make a comparative analysis of the top 5 most populated countries namely United States,India,China,Pakistan and Indonesia,from 1st January 2020 to 31st July 2020.This research work also targets to predict an increase in the number of deaths and total infected cases in these five countries.In our research,the performance of the proposed framework is determined by using three Machine Learning(ML)regression algorithms namely Linear Regression(LR),Support Vector Regression(SVR),andRandom Forest(RF)Regression.The proposed model is also validated upon the infected and death cases of further dates.The performance of these three algorithms is compared using the RootMean Square Error(RMSE)metrics.Random Forest algorithm shows best performance as compared to other proposed algorithms,with the lowest RMSE value in the prediction of total infected and total deaths cases for all the top five most populated countries.

POPULATION EXPANSION IN CHINA'S METROPOLISES AND ITS SCALE-CONTROL

Metropolises are centers of politics, economy, culture and information, and also economic growth poles in comparatively large areas. After 1949, China’s urban structure have changed greatly, from original 'pyramid' shape into 'upside -down pyramid' shape, that is, more megalopolises and metropolises, fewer medium-sized and small cities. The most distinguishing feature of urban population growth was the remarkable increase of population in megalopolises and metropolises. The key reason for urban population expansion is to want to obtain the benefits of scale -agglomeration economy of metropolises. The number of urban functions directly determines the quality and quantity of urban population. Metropolises appeal not only agricultural population but also the population of medium-sized and small cities, which put much more population pressure on metropolises. The ideal goals of scale-control of metropolitan population are discussed in terms of economy, society and ecollogy. In order to control the

Associations between thromboxane A synthase 1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population

Thromboxane A synthase 1 （TBXAS1） catalyses the synthesis of thromboxane A2 （TXA2）, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Thus, the TBXAS1 gene was investigated as a candidate gene involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. This case-control study collected peripheral blood specimens and clinical data of 370 ischemic stroke patients and 340 healthy controls in the Northern Chinese Han population from October 2010 to May 2011. Two TBXAS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2267682 and rs10487667, were analyzed using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay to explore the relationships between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TBXAS1 and ischemic stroke. The TT genotype frequency and T allele frequency of rs2267682 in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls （P 〈 0.01 and P = 0.02）. Furthermore, compared with the GG ＋ GT genotype, the TT rs2267682 genotype was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke （odds ratio （OR） = 1.80, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.16–2.79, P 〈 0.01）. Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustments for confounding factors revealed that rs2267682 was still associated with ischemic stroke （OR = 1.94,95% CI ： 1.13–3.33, P = 0.02）. The frequency of the T-G haplotype in the patients was significantly higher than that in the controls according haplotype analysis （OR = 1.49, 95% CI： 1.10–2.00, P 〈 0.01）. These data reveal that the rs2267682 TBXAS1 polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke. The TT genotype of TBXAS1 and T allele of rs2267682 increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in this Northern Chinese Han population. The protocol has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （registration number： ChiCTR-COC-17013559）.

Association of G-protein coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2 with ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population of North China

The G-protein-coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2(P2RY2) plays an important role in the mechanism of atherosclerosis, which is relevant to ischemic stroke. This retrospective case-control study aimed to assess the relationship between P2RY2 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in the northern Han Chinese population. In this study, clinical data and peripheral blood specimens were collected from 378 ischemic stroke patients and 344 controls. The ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. The controls were recruited from the Health Check Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Ischemic stroke patients were divided into two subgroups according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST) classification: large-artery atherosclerosis(n = 178) and small-artery occlusion(n = 200) strokes. All subjects were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs4944831, rs1783596, and rs4944832) in the P2RY2 gene using peripheral venous blood samples. The distribution of the dominant rs4944832 phenotype(GG vs. GA+AA) differed significantly between small-artery occlusion patients and control subjects(odds ratio(OR) = 1.720, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.203–2.458, P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the GG genotype of rs4944832 was significantly more prevalent in small-artery occlusion patients than in control subjects(OR = 1.807, 95% CI: 1.215–2.687, P < 0.01). The overall distribution of the haplotype established by rs4944831-rs1783596-rs4944832 was significantly different between ischemic stroke patients and controls(P < 0.01). In ischemic stroke patients, the frequency of the G-C-G haplotype was significantly higher than in control subjects(P = 0.028), whereas the frequency of the T-C-A haplotype was lower than in control subjects(P = 0.047). These results indicate that the G-C-G haplotype of P2RY2 is a susceptibility haplotype for ischemic stroke. In addition, the GG genotype of rs4944832 may be associated with the development of small-artery occlusion in the northern Han Chinese population. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on February 20, 2012(No. 2012-38-1) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, China, on March 1, 2013(No. 2013-03-1). All participants gave their informed consent. This trial was registered with the ISRCTN Registry(ISRCTN11439124) on October 24, 2018. Protocol version(1.0).

“住有所居”对流动人口定居意愿的影响--基于非正规产权房的视角

流动人口及其家庭在城镇安居是新型城镇化进程中流动人口市民化的重要内容,探索影响其定居城镇的决定因素具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从住有所居的视角出发,探讨非正规的产权住房--小产权房对流动人口定居意愿的影响。研究发现:第一,小产权房通过其价格低廉化和在购买后形成的事实性占有提高了流动人口的定居意愿,但在现实中仍应高度警惕和重视小产权房对流动人口完整市民化和正规房地产市场健康运作带来的诸多负面挑战;第二,小产权房对流动人口定居意愿的“锁定”效应存在显著的群体异质性,在法律意识淡薄和对廉价住房需求高的“初中”“收入低”“老一代”流动人口群体中的影响作用更加明显,说明经济地位偏低和法律风险感知能力弱的流动人口在面对小产权房的低廉性时更容易作出“非理性”选择。这一结果预示着提供可负担的保障性住房和稳定城市住房价格,将附着在小产权房上的“廉价保障房”功能剥离开来,可能是解决小产权房问题行之有效的方式;同时,在治理和整顿存量小产权房时,要对蜗居其中的弱势流动人口群体予以充分的人文关怀,找寻保障弱势流动人口群体的住房权益与解决小产权房问题之间的平衡点和兼容性。

国际视野下大国人口实力比较与优化人口发展战略

印度、中国、美国是世界前三位人口大国,也是彼此相互竞争的人口大国。文章从长时段考察21世纪中、美、印三国人口数量和结构的基本变化趋势,发现美国的人口发展变化呈现“稳定持续型”,印度则是“壮大发展型”,其变化都将继续支持和增强国家的硬实力和软实力。但是中国的人口变化呈“缩减衰落型”,在规模和结构上都朝着迅速减弱人口实力和国家实力的轨迹方向发展。对此,文章提出要优化我国的人口发展战略,从百年千年大计的战略高度把“人口建设”纳入国家发展总体布局之中,以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化,以观念转变积极应对老龄化社会。具体而言,亟须提升生育水平,全面落实各项配套政策;提高新生劳动力质量,开发老年人力资源;提高人口健康水平,实现健康老龄化。

云南省极小种群野生植物拯救保护规划研究

以《云南省极小种群野生植物保护名录(2021版)》收录的101种云南省极小种群野生植物物种为规划研究对象,分析物种数量与分布现状,总结拯救保护成效与存在问题,从保护体系和科研管理支持体系两大领域进行规划研究并提出保障措施,旨在全面提升云南省对极小种群野生植物认识水平和关注度,将极小种群拯救保护作为云南省生态文明建设的重要组成和亮点。

超大规模人口国家的农业农村现代化建设

几乎不会有人否认“超大规模人口国家”视角对于理解中国问题的特殊意义。“超大规模人口国家农业农村现代化”就构成了中国学术界一个十分重要而又亟待破解的学术命题。超大规模人口不仅影响土地利用、农业技术应用以及农村人力资源配置,而且与粮食安全、农村基本经营组织、农村人居环境整治及文化建设、农村社会保障体系以及农民农村共同富裕存有内在逻辑关系。超大规模人口对农业农村现代化既带来了各种挑战,又放大了各种机遇。

习近平治国理政的传统智慧及其阐释逻辑——以“治大国若烹小鲜”为例

习近平法治思想从多方面展现大国治理的传统智慧,在方法论问题上,习近平特别提到老子的“治大国若烹小鲜”。从历史逻辑上讲,习近平古语新说,遵循逻辑与历史相统一的辩证法,为“治大国若烹小鲜”注入了更多的新时代内涵。从法理逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”蕴含的传统智慧与全面依法治国、比例适度原则、权力监督制约等现代法治理念和宪法精神深度契合,从总体性、协同性和控制论等不同维度生动诠释了习近平的法治方法论。从实践逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”的治国理念是宪法权衡思维的生动体现,对于在法治轨道上全面推进民主政治、市场经济、和谐社会、先进文化和生态文明等方面的建设具有重要的方法论意义。

人口较少民族聚居区保持型双语教育兴起的归因分析——以裕固族聚居区为例

中国少数民族地区双语教育类型大致可分为过渡型双语教育和保持型双语教育两种,近年来在人口较少民族聚居区兴起的双语教育属于保持型双语教育。通过运用教育人类学持续观察法对裕固族聚居区的保持型双语教育的兴起进行归因分析,发现教育系统外部主要原因有本族语言及传统文化趋于濒危和族群性的焦虑加剧,以及可供社会行动者选择的实践策略空间在相关政策叠加实施的背景中生成和拓展;教育系统内部的主要原因有校本课程开发的蓬勃兴起和民族文化精英的强力推动。从当下中国的经验事实和情境分析来看,“完善差别化的区域政策”可以作为新时代少数民族地区双语教育政策的基本定位和主导逻辑。

河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场小型鼠种群分布特征分析

目的 分析河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场2005—2023年小型鼠监测数据,掌握小型鼠种群分布特征,为准确开展小型鼠监测工作及动物鼠疫疫情预测预警提供依据。方法 采用Excel 2010分析2005—2023年小型鼠监测数据,对种群分布特征进行统计分析。结果 2005—2023年布夹39 900捕鼠825只,隶属于2科7属9种,平均捕获率2.06%,黑线仓鼠为优势鼠种;平均捕获率存在年际波动,季节变化为“单峰型”;平均捕获率由高到低的生境依次是人工草场(2.86±1.47)%、山坡(2.67±2.64)%、草滩(2.19±0.89)%、林带(2.10±1.79)%、荒地(1.92±1.32)%、垄岗(1.91±1.06)%、耕地(1.85±1.58)%,以山坡波动最大;平均捕获率随地势降低,由东北向西南呈现下降趋势。结论 河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场小型鼠种群分布不均,加强疫源地秋季灭鼠可有效控制小型鼠种群密度,加强高密度生境及重点区域监测可提高小型鼠监测质量。

河北省康保牧场小型鼠种群数量及结构调查分析

目的调查康保牧场小型鼠种群结构和密度,分析其分布规律,为鼠类防治及动物鼠疫的预测预警提供可靠依据。方法应用Excel 2010软件对2005—2023年调查数据进行统计,分析小型鼠种群数量、种群结构特征及分布规律。结果2005—2023年共捕鼠825只,隶属于2科7属9种,优势鼠种是黑线仓鼠(占62.30%);林带的种群密度最高(184只,85.98%),黑线仓鼠是各个生境的优势鼠种;4、5、6、7、10月捕小型鼠数最多,占比79%以上,黑线仓鼠是各个月的优势鼠种,其中8月捕获数最高(占83.78%);小型鼠种群种类年际变化趋势为先增加后逐渐减少(y=-0.0541x^(2)+0.9607x+1.9706,R^(2)=0.5053),平均为5种(4.9±41.68),月变化趋势为逐渐递增[1.928In(x)+1.2886,R^(2)=102031],平均为5种(4.50±3.23)。结论小型鼠种群构成丰富,种群密度在不同生境、月份分布不均,种群结构整体较为稳定,应警惕其种类变化及优势鼠种对鼠间鼠疫疫情流行和传播带来的影响。

我国陆地边境地区人口未来发展趋势预测

我国陆地边境地区在国家总体安全、区域协调发展和对外开放等重大战略上占有独特地位。人口之于边境地区安全、发展具有特殊地位和重要意义。文章在探讨边境人口预测必要性与可行性的基础上,利用第六次和第七次全国人口普查数据,以队列要素法为基础,对未来50年我国陆地边境地区人口增长和人口结构变动趋势进行了多情景预测。预测结果显示,无论在何种预测方案下,未来陆地边境地区的人口负增长趋势都将长期延续,2050~2060年,人口内生负增长趋势将在所有边境地区蔓延开来。在考虑人口迁移的情况下,陆地边境人口总规模下降速度更快,尤其在2040~2070年后,人口迁移流动对人口负增长的加速作用将更为明显。人口结构方面,未来边境人口老龄化速度将更快。劳动年龄人口比重和育龄妇女的比重则将持续下降。考虑人口迁移的情况下,吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古陆地边境地区还将面临严峻的人口结构失衡与生育潜力削弱的问题。要立足边境人口负增长将长期持续的现实,重视提高边境人口生产生活条件,增强居留稳定性;充分发挥边境地区政策优势与固有优势,培养与吸引人才;提高边境地区生育潜力,放宽边境生育限制,关注生育主体的需求;充分考虑不同边境地区发展条件,探索符合边境地区现实情况的人口方案。