Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

Exploring Global Demands for Integrating Social Aspects into Community Healthcare: A Literature Review

Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including physical and mental aspects, and increases the need for care. Recent crises have affected not only the elderly but also younger populations, necessitating further efforts to develop a systematic community strategy. The goal of such a strategy is to maintain or enhance people’s well-being. As we face aging and crises like pandemics and climate change, it becomes essential to consider health holistically and globally, taking into account the community environment and social determinants without boundaries. The present study aimed to explore the necessary aspects of incorporating social determinants into clinical practice, enabling healthcare providers to view health from a holistic and planetary perspective. This approach facilitates the development of integrated community strategies. The study reviewed literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases, focusing on medicine, health, and welfare. An electronic search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals was conducted up to July 2024, using search terms such as “holistic health,” “planetary health,” and “social determinants.” Eight articles were identified through the search. After excluding three based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles were selected. The research focused on three areas: perceiving health in ecosystems, considering health-related policy in clinical situations, and addressing health in primary care settings. This study emphasizes the need for further research on innovative, integrated community strategies in the context of a globally aging society, focusing on non-medical aspects like pandemics, climate change, and social determinants to achieve a holistic and planetary understanding of people’s health. It suggests that understanding the social aspects of ecosystems in clinical settings, through interdisciplinary collaboration, is crucial for developing systematic community strategies for people’s well-being life in medical, health, and welfare contexts.

Social Media-Based Surveillance Systems for Health Informatics Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques:A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges

Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks.This review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their performance.Since,every year,a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks,particularly Twitter data is generated by SM.This paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM,along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the detection of epidemic outbreaks.DL has emerged as a promising ML technique that adaptsmultiple layers of representations or features of the data and yields state-of-the-art extrapolation results.In recent years,along with the success of ML and DL in many other application domains,both ML and DL are also popularly used in SM analysis.This paper aims to provide an overview of epidemic outbreaks in SM and then outlines a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches and their existing applications in SM analysis.Finally,this review serves the purpose of offering suggestions,ideas,and proposals,along with highlighting the ongoing challenges in the field of early outbreak detection that still need to be addressed.

Does Parental Migration Affect Left-Behind Children’s Social Anxiety?A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Social anxiety is a common psychological problem among left-behind children(LBC)and has been a popular issue in recent years.Children with higher levels of social anxiety have more emotional and behavioral problems and are prone to negative life events.Although several studies have explored the differences in social anxiety between LBC and non-left-behind children(N-LBC),the findings have not been consistent.In this study,a systematic review and meta-analysis method was used,with 411 papers retrieved on October 01,2023,from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,and Chinese databases(CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang)(PROSPERO registry number:CRD42023472463).Twenty-one studies met the research criteria and included 11,254 LBC and 13,096 N-LBC.LBC scored significantly higher for social anxiety([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001])and social avoidance and distress([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001]).Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes for the overall proportion of children left behind(p=0.02).In addition,different types of parental migration may influence the social anxiety of LBC,double-parent migration was associated higher social anxiety than father migration(p<0.001).Future research should focus on treatments to decrease social anxiety of left-behind children.These findings suggest that due to the long-term absence of parental migration,LBC are more vulnerable to negative emotional experiences and behaviours such as anxiety,distress,and avoidance during social interaction,especially for those with both parents absent from the home.Future research should focus on treatments to reduce social anxiety in LBC.

Socialization Development of ESG Business Models in Representative Asia-Pacific Countries:A State-of-the-Art Review and Recommendation

The integration of environmental,social,and governance(ESG)principles has become a pivotal factor in shaping sustainable and responsible corporate practices.The present study investigates the integration of ESG principles within corporate governance models in Asia-Pacific countries,focusing on socialization.By examining the governance culture,legal frameworks,and corporate practices in these representative countries,the paper delineates a strategic framework for embedding social governance into corporate strategies.The study introduces a Cultural,Economic,Legal,and Political(CELP)framework to assess corporate social governance,investigating the correlation between business practices and social changes.Through a systematic literature review and detailed thematic analysis,this paper aims to offer actionable insights and recommendations,guiding corporations in their transition towards more sustainable and socially responsible business practices.

Venture Capital Syndication under Social Network Theory:Literature Review and Prospect

As an important channel for start-ups to obtain R&D funds and external knowledge and information resources,and as one of the key methods for investment institutions to leverage scale and synergy effects to enhance investment returns,venture capital syndication holds significant research value in the field of venture capital.This paper reviews the literature,summarizing the motivations behind the formation of joint investment networks,the conceptual characteristics of the three core theories of social network theory,and the empirical research on venture capital syndication within the framework of social network theory.It also highlights the existing research results,identifies gaps,and anticipates future research directions.

Book Review:The Socially Networked Classroom:Teaching in the New Media Age

This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educators to teach in digital age,although most of the teachers today are digital immigrants who "have become fascinated by and adopted many,or most aspects of the new technology are,and always will be compared to them"(Prensky,2001).They have to attempt to equip themselves with the knowledge of new media,which aims to provide the current students with their needs to become fully literate in this digital age.However,when the Internet began to arrive in schools,it was embraced by educators already seasoned in the challenges of change.

Impact of social isolation on behavioral health in elderly: Systematic review

AIM: To examine and compare the effects of subjective and objective social isolation on behavioral health in elderly adults.METHODS: A systematic search of Pub Med was performed for original research articles from peerreviewed journals examining one of the following topics: "Social isolation and sleep disturbance", "social isolation and depression", or "social isolation and fatigue in older adults". Studies were selected following the criteria established based on the aim of this review. Data were extracted from the articles by two independent reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures of the included studies, qualitative and narrative analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The set criteria were used to select a total of 16 studies for the review. Of the 16, 13 were crosssectional studies. The characteristics of study populations were identified as follows. A total of 12 studies randomly selected subjects irrespective of pre-existing health conditions. Consequently, an unspecified number of the study subjects had chronic diseases in the studies compared. In addition, cultural and ethnic backgrounds of studies in this review were diverse, and included subjects living in North America, South America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Both subjective and objective types of social isolation increased behavioral symptoms, such as sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and fatigue in older adults. Furthermore, a few recent studies reported stronger effects of subjective social isolation than objective social isolation on sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION: Social isolation affects behavioral health in older adults. Compared to the objective social isolation, subjective social isolation contributes more significantly to sleep disturbance and depression.

基于Photo Sphere Viewer的轻量化可量测街景系统研究

随着新型基础测绘体系发展,测绘技术和装备不断升级,大量街景数据随着车载激光扫描工作一并被采集。针对该数据路线随机性大、密集程度高等特点,以及传统街景地图系统插件受限、扩展性不强、无法量测等局限,本文设计了基于Photo Sphere Viewer的轻量化可量测街景系统,在开源插件的基础上实现了对其组件的扩充、实现了行进方向、地图交互等系统功能的设计优化,进一步实现了基于深度图的街景地图量测功能。生产作业队伍对系统的使用结果表明,该系统可以辅助生产作业队伍进行属性采集、纹理更新、数据检查等多项工作,操作灵活便捷,且具有较强的可扩展性,便于基于生产需求进行改进调整,提高了生产效率,为新型基础测绘成果进一步深化应用提供了良好的借鉴作用。

A systematic review of the relationships among psychosocial factors and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to poor health outcomes including mortality,yet there is a gap in the literature when seeking to understand the influence of psychosocial factors on coping in this population.The paper presents a systematic review of quantitative studies that examined relationships among psychosocial determinants and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes.This review is the second layer of knowledge discovery for the concept,"Taking on a life-altering change is a rhythmical journey of experiencing ups and downs on the way to acceptance." The life-altering change was determined to be a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes,the journey is the ups and downs of coping with the diagnosis as people work toward acceptance of type 2 diabetes.The review includes a synthesis of findings from 22 quantitative studies of psychosocial factors and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes.Anxiety,depression,stress,and diabetes distress were identified as key influential psychosocial factors.Increased social support was inversely related to emotional distress and coping styles were related to social well-being,psychological health,and physical health outcomes.The positive coping style of problem-focused coping was linked to improved psychological and physical health.Emotional responses to diagnosis were related to depression and anxiety.Negative coping styles of resignation,protest,or isolation were higher in women and linked to poorer quality of life,while avoidance was linked to increased diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms.

Overview of Researches on Social Capital,Human Capital and Social Integration of New Generation Migrant Workers

With urbanization and socio-economic development,new generation migrant workers play an increasingly important role in urban construction. However,for a long time,their social integration situation in inflow places is not ideal. Academic circle has done a lot of researches,but no effective strategy is so far put forward. Through analysis of domestic and foreign researches,it is found that social capital and human capital have an important influence on social integration of new generation migrant workers. This paper takes this as starting point,combines characteristics of new generation migrant workers,and overviews theories and empirical researches of domestic and foreign famous scholars,to explore the relationship between social capital and human capital and social integration of new generation migrant workers.

Social credit:a comprehensive literature review

To avoid credit fraud,social credit within an economic system has become an increasingly important criterion for the evaluation of economic agent activity and guaranteeing the development of a market economy with minimal supervision costs.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the social credit literature from the perspectives of theoretical foundation,scoring methods,and regulatory mechanisms.The study considers the credit of various economic agents within the social credit system such as countries(or governments),corporations,and individuals and their credit variations in online markets(i.e.,network credit).A historical review of the theoretical(or model)development of economic agents is presented together with significant works and future research directions.Some interesting conclusions are summarized from the literature review.(1)Credit theory studies can be categorized into traditional and emerging schools both focusing on the economic explanation of social credit in conjunction with creation and evolution mechanisms.(2)The most popular credit scoring methods include expert systems,econometric models,artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,and their hybrid forms.Evaluation indexes should vary across different target agents.(3)The most pressing task for regulatory mechanisms that supervise social credit to avoid credit fraud is the establishment of shared credit databases with consistent data standards.

Consideration of Social Aspects and Mental Health of Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Literature Review

Purpose: A literature review was conducted to explore the social factors and mental health-related scales, and to examine associations between social factors and mental health of the elderly, in order to consider the social aspects and mental health as outcome measurements for an effective community-based care. Methods: An electronic search for English articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to October 2019 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL with the following search terms: “social cohesion,” “mental health,” “elderly,” and “community.” Inclusion criteria were 3 as follows;1) studies in community-dwelling elderly people or participants including elderly individuals;2) studies with clear descriptions of social factors in the Methods section;and 3) studies with clear descriptions of health-related items (e.g., mental health) in the Methods section. The extracted articles were subjected to narrative review. Results: In total, 118 articles were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria after critical review of the full text. 6 mental health-related scales were perceived in order to assess of mental health or depression or anxiety of the elderly. And, 4 factors related to social aspects;neighborhood social cohesion, social capital, neighborhood environment, and social support, were perceived. Significant associations between social aspects and mental health of the elderly were examined. In social cohesion, 6 studies reported a significant association with elderly mental health. In social capital, 3 studies reported a significant association with elderly mental health. In neighborhood environment, 3 studies reported a significant association with elderly mental health. Discussion: In the development of an effective community-based care, it may be expected to be focused on social aspects to lead to promoting mental health of the elderly. For the further investigation, it will need to be considered more clearly defined measurements related to social aspects and mental health of the elderly, and it will be more important to pile the research data globally.

Firm review revelation policy considering social ties among consumers

An optimization model is proposed to analyze the optimal review revelation policies and consumer online social network management strategies of e-commerce firms.The results show that displaying friend reviews to consumers does not necessarily increase firms profits.Only when positive reviews account for a large proportion of all the reviews and when the cost of showing friend reviews is not high,can showing friend reviews be more profitable than not showing such information.The distribution of social ties among consumers can affect firms profits.Even in the case that showing friend reviews to consumers is more profitable,an increase in the proportion of strong ties is not necessarily beneficial to firms.Only when the proportion of positive reviews is large enough,can firms profits increase with the increase in the proportion of strong ties among consumers.Moreover,the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating can also affect firms strategies for managing consumer online social networks.As the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating rises,firms are more likely to obtain higher profits by taking measures to increase the proportion of strong ties among consumers on their websites.

Social Support and Adolescents’ Alcohol Use: An Integrative Literature Review

The trajectories at treatment of alcohol use and abuse among adolescents have become a major health concern. The purpose of this paper was to discuss alcohol use and abuse among adolescents and its relationship to social support. Integrative review has been utilized to address the issue. There is a presentation of findings from research examining social support concepts and their relationship to adolescents’ alcohol use and abuse. Treatment requires awareness of underlying causes in order to establish effective treatment approaches. Determining these underlying causes requires adequate knowledge of family, peers, and societal influences on adolescents’ alcohol use and abuse. Health professionals across disciplines have an important role in implementing multidisciplinary interventions. The purpose of this paper was to discuss alcohol use and abuse among adolescents and its relationship to social support. Results, controversies and concerns raised by the reported results are addressed. Implications for future research are delineated.

Fake Reviews Tell No Tales？ Dissecting Click Farming in Content-Generated Social Networks

Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farming in which fake reviews are posted in order to boost or diminish the ratings of listed products and services simply through clicking. Click farming often emanates from a collection of multiple fake or compromised accounts, which we call click farmers. In this paper, we conduct a three-phase methodology to detect click farming. We begin by clustering communities based on newly-defined collusion networks. We then apply the Louvain community detection method to detecting communities. We finally perform a binary classification on detected-communities. Our results of over a year-long study show that(1) the prevalence of click farming is different across CGSNs;(2) most click farmers are lowly-rated;(3) click-farming communities have relatively tight relations between users;(4) more highly-ranked stores have a greater portion of fake reviews.

Literature Review of Nursing Education Promoting Professional Socialization among Nursing Students

The aim of this review was to clarify the elements that promote socialization of nursing professionals from the findings of previous studies, with keywords related to socialization among undergraduate nursing students, and obtain indicators for promoting professional socialization in nursing students in the current nursing education. The literature review was conducted using a qualitative analysis of the promotion of professional socialization among nursing students. The results were reported according to the reporting checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The authors conducted a literature search using electronic databases in July 2021, such as CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) for English articles, and Ichushi for Japanese articles. Included studies were from 1985 to 2021. Previous studies were integrated to current studies. A total of 23 articles in English and 34 articles in Japanese were analyzed. The methods for promoting professional socialization in nursing students include self-learning, online media, extracurricular elements, and clinical practice. Socialization process differed for each school year;the first-year students tend to have ideological answers, while the fourth-year students tend to have practical answers as a result of education. The process needs supports from instructors and mentors. Nursing education promoting professional socialization in nursing students has developed diverse modeling, positive effects for improving social skills, and impact of self-efficacy and self-esteem and has fostered professional commitment and professional identity. However, loss of idealism of professional identity after graduation should be considered with supports from instructors and mentors. To establish nursing professional identity smoothly, nursing instructors supporting skills should be developed by understanding students’ stage of professional socialization.

Enterprise innovation, corporate social responsibility and their interactive relationship: A review

Under the new normal economic growth, lack of motivation, structural imbalances in the economy, the shortage of resources, resource utilization inefficiency, environmental damage and other issues have become increasingly prominent, enterprises as the carrier of economy is one of the root of the problem. Research on enterprise innovation and corporate social responsibility issues, it is conducive to the development of enterprise itself and the transformation of Chinese economy. This paper reviewed the research status of relationships between innovation and corporate social responsibility, through comb the aspects of the definitions and evolution of enterprise innovation and social responsibility, also include both the relationship and the new way(responsible innovation) of combination of them, we found the presence of index system is not perfect, and lack of in-depth comprehensive study and opportunities for future research is prospected.

儒家文化在经济管理领域的研究动态与前沿——基于VOSviewer和CiteSpace的可视化研究

儒家文化作为中国最具代表性的文化之一,对企业的管理活动有着重要影响。为了深入研究儒家文化在经济管理领域的研究进展,在Web of Science数据库中系统检索了与儒家文化相关的文献,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件构建了儒家文化在经济管理领域应用的知识图谱。研究结果表明,儒家文化在经济管理领域的应用受到越来越多的学者的关注,形成了“关系”伦理、儒家美德、霍夫斯泰德文化分析模型以及家长式领导4个知识群,以及“企业治理”“企业社会责任”“人力资源管理”“差异化”4大研究热点。此外,每一研究热点的维持时间不长,均不超过3年。最后,总结了儒家文化在经济管理领域的研究不足并提出了未来的研究方向。