Differences of Wine Culture in Western Countries and China

1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human social life.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.According to the Chinese history,drinking is such a common thing

The Significance of Understanding Western Culture to Translation

Culture,which takes language as its carrier,has a close tie with translation,which,generally speaking,is the transfer of a text from one language into another.Therefore,a qualified translator is required not only to be bilingually competent,but a biculturally compe tent.Western culture is deeply rooted in Western philosophy and religion.In order to achieve a translation of high quality,a translator must learn about Western tradition of philosophy and religion.

Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in dispute.The central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern China.This study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research objects.Based on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was established.After that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this region.The results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 ka.This phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin Culture.We propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 ka.This study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.

Ocean-continent Transition to Suprasubduction Zone Origin of the Western Yarlung Zangbo Ophiolites in SW Tibet, China: Multi-stage, Transient Evolution of the Neotethyan Oceanic Lithosphere

The ophiolites that crop out discontinuously along the;000 km Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone（YZSZ）between the Nanga Parbat and Namche Barwa syntaxes in southern Tibet represent the remnants of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere（Fig.1a）.We have investigated the internal structure and the geochemical makeup of mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages that are exposed in the westernmost segment of the YZSZ where the suture zone architecture displays two distinct sub-belts of ophiolitic and mélange units separated by a continental Zhongba terrane（Fig.1b）.These two sub-belts include the Daba–Xiugugabu in the south（Southern sub-belt,SSB）and the Dajiweng–Saga in the north（Northern sub-belt,NSB）.We present new structural,geochemical,geochronological data from upper mantle peridotites and mafic dike intrusions occurring in these two sub-belts and discuss their tectonomagmatic origin.In-situ analysis of zircon grains obtained from mafic dikes within the Baer,Cuobuzha and Jianabeng massifs in the NSB,and within the Dongbo,Purang,Xiugugabu,Zhaga and Zhongba in the SSB have yielded crystallization ages ranging between130 and 122 Ma.Dike rocks in both sub-belts show N-MORB REE patterns and negative Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies,reminiscent of those documented from SSZ ophiolites.*Harzburgitic host rocks of the mafic dike intrusionsmainly display geochemical compositions of abyssal peridotites（Fig.2）,with the exception of the Dajiweng harzburgites,which show the geochemical signatures of forearc peridotites（Lian et al.,2016）.Extrusive rocks that are spatially associated with these peridotite massifs in both sub-belts also have varying compositional and geochemical features.Tithonian to Valanginian（150–135 Ma）basaltic rocks in the Dongbo massif have OIB-like geochemistry and 138 Ma basaltic lavas in the Purang massif have EMORB-like geochemistry（Liu et al.,2015）.Tuffaceous rocks in the Dajiweng massif are140 Ma in age and show OIB-like geochemistry.We interpret these age and geochemical data to reflect a rifted continental margin origin of the extrusive rock units in both sub-belts.These data and structural observations show that the western Yarluang Zangbo ophiolites represent fragments of an Ocean-Continent Transition（OCT）peridotites altered by fluids in an initial supersubduction setting.We infer that mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages exposed in the SSB and NSB initially formed in an ocean–continent transition zone（OCTZ）during the late Jurassic,and that they were subsequently emplaced in the forearc setting of an intraoceanic subduction zone within a Neotethyan seaway during 130 to 122 Ma.The NSB and SSB are hence part of a single,S-directed nappe sheet derived from a Neotethyan seaway located north of the Zhongba terrane.

Strategies to Save Face in Chinese and Western Cross-culture Communication

As the economic globalization develops and science advances, the exchange between China and the West becomes increasingly frequent. On the basis of previous studies on face theory and face saving strategy, this research analyzes the problems of face in Chinese and western communication, the differences of face views and values between them and discusses the strategies to save face of the Chinese and westerners as well as during Chinese and western cross-cultural communication, reducing the cultural conflicts resulted from face and improving cross-cultural communication.

On the Impact of Western Festivals on Traditional Festivals in China and the Reform of Chinese Festivals

As China steps up its reform and opening up to the outside world,Chinese,especially the young,are becoming increasingly interested in western festivals.However,some traditional festivals in China are left out in the cold.This paper is mainly on the effect of west ern festivals on traditional festivals in China,trying to analyze the reason why it becomes this and it will lead us to face the communion and mixture between the two parties rationally.From the perspective of folk culture,it is necessary for us to find the motive of reform of Chinese traditional festivals.

Attitudes of young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg about climate changeand climate policy The role of culture for the explanation of differences

This article analyses differences in the attitudes related to climate change of young scholars in environmental science in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany). The main aim of the article is to evaluate the role of cultural differences for their explanation. We expect no significant differences in the attitudes related to the findings of climate research, since scientific principles are the joint basis of the scientific discourse wordwide. However, we expect that there are differences in the attitudes of the young scholars about the role of science, of the state and of the civil society for dealing with the challenge of climate change. We suggest that these can be explained with substantial cultural differences between both societies, with regard to the role of the state and the civil society for the solution of environmental problems. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, we have conducted a comparative survey among environmental science students in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany) about their attitudes towards climate change. The findings support our main hypotheses. The young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg differ substantially in their views of the role of science in society and policymaking. Plausibly, these differences may mainly be explained with differences in the cultural ideas about the role of the state and of the civil society for the solution of environmental problems. Gradual differences in the share of young scholars who think that climate change has anthropogenic causes, may be explained with differences in the curriculum but also by cultural habits. This article makes a new contribution to the scientific debate by exploring the role of cultural differences for differences in the attitudes of young scholars in environmental science in connection with climate change and climate policy in different cultural contexts.

Study on security and protection of original ecotourism resources in the mountain areas of western Guangxi

Original ecotourism resources mainly refer to natural and human original ecotourism resources, and it＇s of fragility, rarity and irreversibility. As a valuable historic heritage and hnportant tourism resources, it plays a significant role in developing tourism and economy in such areas as the underdeveloped areas, the mountain areas and mimority areas. The tourism resources in the western mountain areas of Guangxi owe ,superiorities and characteristics ＇o their original ecology, Yet, western Guangxi is an ethnic region with fragile karst eco-environment, so it is specialto exploit the tourism resources. The paper defines original eeotourism and analyses the specialties and advantages of the original ecotourism resources as well as thefrailty of the ecotourism resources of the region. The ways of thinking are put forward for safe preservation and sustainable development of the original ecotourism resources, i.e. carrying out measures for the multi-grade protection of heritage resources, setting up a ethnic eco-museum/ ethnic culture eco-park and a gene pool of ethnic cultures, etc.

On Advertisement from the Cross-culture Perspective

Along with China and western countries keep an increasingly close relationship in the economic fields as well as competitions,the most powerful weapon available shaping self image and promoting domestic market is the advertisement.So,if we want the commercial advertising to play its role properly,the cultural differences can not be ignored.This paper focus on the inner link between commercial advertisement language,commercial advertisement translation and culture from the point of cross-culture,and finally put forwards some principles from the view of trans-cultural.

“文明起源”史观之意味:“中西马”视角的考察

“文明起源”作为国内学界使用频率极高的舶来语,主要用以说明距今五千多年至“三代”时期历史文化的发展。但是否合适的问题很少有人认真考虑过,似乎马克思、恩格斯使用了就没有问题。其实马恩晚年虽借用了“文明”等术语,但对其核心内容如剥削、阶级性、虚伪、贪欲、国家镇压机器等都是持具体批判与整体否认态度的,尽管认为如此发展有其必然性,与其他学人用“文明”“野蛮”区分历史进步、停滞与落后,即无意中把知性专断与西方普遍性的观念传播开去明显不同,因为马克思是从人的全面发展和多数人得到解放出发看问题的。从历史研究追求平实公正应该使用更中性一些术语看,用褒义明显的“文明”来说某一时段历史的特质也是不合适的,因为说甲文明意味着乙不文明或野蛮,必然分出等级差别。回到传统中国,被视为“文明起源”这一段历史,中国古人认为是“大同”向“小康”、“公天下”向“私天下”之过渡,是以物役使人性的开始,是战争杀伐愈益激烈和彼此互助走向你争我夺、淳朴自然走向尔虞我诈的时期,此与马恩的认知明显具有相通之处。古史研究使用“文明起源”作为关键词展现的是西方资产阶级重物质、轻人道的历史观,体现的是西方资本主义价值观,不仅与马克思主义、中国文化精神相背离,也与史学自身追求相矛盾,说明目前的古史考量还深陷于西方中心观念之中,反省不够。在此认知基础上文章提出用相对平实的“文化源”代替不甚中性的“文明起源”,以作为中国文化精神开启之初一段历史的研究之用。

红色文化涵养党员干部初心使命的独特价值、内在逻辑与实践路径

红色文化充分体现了中国共产党的性质宗旨、精神追求、价值取向以及优良作风和传统。红色文化有利于深化、优化和强化党员干部对初心使命的认识、传承和担当,永葆共产党人的政治本色、弘扬党的优良作风传统、激发干事创业斗争担当精神。从红色文化的理论逻辑、价值逻辑以及历史逻辑来看,红色文化蕴含真理的力量、道德的力量、实践的力量,因此能够涵养党员干部的初心使命。用红色文化涵养党员干部的初心使命的实践路径有:大力推进红色文化创新,增强红色文化的吸引力和感染力;建设一支高素质专业化的红色文化宣教队伍,提高宣教实效;健全常态化长效化体制机制,以实践的方式融入党员干部日常教育管理。

翻译与中国科技术语的演变

西学东渐以来,大量西方数学著作的翻译引进为中国数学的发展注入了活力,但是译著中数学术语混乱的现象越来越严重,已经影响到学术研究与知识传播。因此,晚清以来,外国传教士、中国学者、政府机构及学会组织通过制定翻译原则、编撰术语表和数学词典、开会讨论、征求专家建议等方式,在数学术语统一方面做了大量工作。经过一代又一代学者的努力,中国数学术语终于在20世纪90年代完成统一。

豫西黄河流域古地名源流及其文化内核

豫西黄河流域既是一个地理概念,也是一个文化范畴。在这一区域,黄河及其支流的自然山水、人文因素,催生了不少古地名。丰厚的历史文化积淀,使这一区域的地名源头,从遥远的上古时期延续到漫长的奴隶社会、封建社会乃至近代。地名作为历史的活化石,记载着这一区域的朝代更迭、历史变迁,记载着风云人物、风物传奇,也同样记载着民间百姓的生活和生存状态。豫西黄河流域古地名丰富的历史文化底蕴,主要生发于该区域文化内核——仰韶文化、殷商文化、秦汉文化、唐宋文化等,也得益于黄河这一华夏文明的摇篮。

中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化和创新性发展

中华优秀传统法律文化具有普遍性和共同性、先进性和文明性、实践性和人民性,符合人类法治文明发展的普遍规律、共同价值和科学理性。推动中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化和创新性发展,应当高度重视并大力加强对有关国家和地区对中华法系以及域外法律文化转化融合经验的比较研究,走出一条“借鉴”与“双创”相结合的中国自主法学知识体系构建之路;应当坚持把马克思主义法治基本原理同中国法治实践相结合、同中华优秀传统法律文化相结合,推进“中医法学”与“西医法学”有机融合,开创中国式现代化法治文明新境界。

1961—1967年中国外销丝绸技术特征与设计风格研究

1961—1967年中国外销丝绸处于贸易对象转变的初始阶段,中西方文化的交融为丝绸设计指明了新的发展方向。文章以历史文献、外销丝绸样本的实物及图像为研究基础,从技术角度对该时期外销丝绸产品进行分析。研究发现:工艺设备的更新换代为外销丝绸的推陈出新提供了技术支撑,设计人员从原料、丝线加工、组织结构、织造经密、投梭、后处理等生产工艺入手,推动外销丝绸产品技术与资销需求相适应,并在中西方审美文化的交流碰撞下,从纹样题材、色彩、布局、造型等多方面实现民族风格与外来风格的平衡与融合。

论西方文化对民国时期香烟包装的影响

民国时期是我国近代历史中的重要变革时期。此阶段中国数千年的封建体制轰然倒塌,资本主义民主和科学思想在中国快速蔓延,西方文化不断输入,并与中国传统文化产生了激烈的碰撞,使当时的香烟包装设计在结构、造型和装潢等方面都发生着巨大的变化。文章通过对民国时期香烟包装上的商标、图案和字体三方面进行研究,简要介绍了民国时期西方文化输入对香烟包装设计的影响与发展。

16世纪末跨海域的中国知识流动——《谟区查抄本》(Boxer Codex)中的中国信息

《谟区查抄本》(以下简称“抄本”)中的中国信息可分为三类,一是中国海外的活动情况;二是中国与亚洲周边国家的关系;三是中国信息的直接记录,其中不乏相关图像。抄本中的中国信息真假皆存,但从实之处多于虚幻无实。抄本中中国信息的记录可能受到三方面因素影响,首先是西班牙统治者要求收集新认知地域讯息指令,其次是中国在亚洲的巨大影响力,最后是西方殖民者对于中国的野心。抄本中多种多样的中国信息可能来源于不同渠道,体现了西属菲律宾作为信息汇集地的功能。抄本中的中国信息不只是单纯的记录,还有西方视角下的解读,因此,可将其视为16世纪末跨海域的中国知识流动。

中国西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展时空演化及驱动因素分析

旅游业是国民经济的战略性支柱产业,发挥着文化繁荣、民族团结、稳疆固边的作用。中国西部边疆民族地区文化旅游资源丰富,推动文旅融合高质量发展是促进各民族交往交流交融、铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要抓手。以中国西部边疆民族地区为研究对象,基于2011—2020年的多指标面板数据,测度文化和旅游高质量发展水平,分析协调度时空演化,并识别驱动因素。结果表明:(1)西部边疆民族地区文化和旅游高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势,2020年新冠疫情对旅游业冲击明显,受历史文化沉淀和文化交流影响,文化高质量发展水平高于旅游高质量发展水平。(2)各省区文旅融合高质量发展协调度波动上升,协调等级逐步优化,广西和云南文旅融合高质量发展协调水平较高,形成“马太效应”。(3)投资水平、政策支持、市场供给和交通条件是西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展的重要驱动力,其中投资水平表现出的效用最强。研究结果可为西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展提供理论依据和数据支撑,有助于加强文化旅游建设,实现旅游业转型升级,提升文化活力和影响力。