工科专业课堂“3D(Debate/Design/Doing）”教学法研究

基于当前高校工程教育专业认证的要求,论文首次提出了工科专业课堂“3D(Debate/Design/Doing)”教学法,其核心教学理念是“我思故我想,我想故我说,我说故我做,我做故我会”,即通过课堂辩论(Debate)、项目设计(Design)和项目实施(Do?ing),将教师的课堂讲授信息通过这个过程进行批判性思辨,将理论知识和实际效果联系起来。该研究通过在材料加工工程专业模块课程铸造工艺和造型材料的教学实践,取得了所有选课学生的认同,真正做到了让学习过程由被动变为主动、由无趣变成有趣、由枯燥变为生动,学生由自卑变自信,使院系专业课程课堂教学和工程训练平台实现了无缝联合,对于提高工科专业的课堂教学效果具有广泛的借鉴意义,为达到国际工程专业认证标准提供了很好的教学示范作用。

Public Speaking的技巧与策略(11)——如何进行Debate

我们每天都有意无意地与别人进行一次又一次的辩论,其中包括与朋友非正式地讨论采取某一行动的利与弊。

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer:The debate continues

Rectal carcinoma represents the 30% of all colorectal cancers, with about 40000 new cases/years. In the past two decades, the management of rectal cancer has made important progress, highlighting the main role of a multimodality strategy approach, combining surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Nowadays, surgery remains the primary treatment and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, based on fluoropyrimidine(5-FU) continuous infusion, is considered the standard in locally advanced rectal carcinoma. The aim is to reduce the incidence of local recurrence and to perform a conservative surgery. To improve these purposes different drugs combination have been tested in the neo-adjuvant setting. At American Society of Clinical Oncology 2014 an important abstract was presented focusing on the role of adding oxaliplatin to concomitant treatment, in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Rodel et al reported on the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 randomized phase Ⅲ trial that compared standard treatment with 5-FU and radiation therapy, to oxaliplatin plus 5-FU inassociation with radiation therapy. The addition of oxaliplatin to the neo-adjuvant treatment has been shown to improve disease-free survival from 71.2% to 75.9%(P = 0.03). This editorial was planned to clarify the optimal treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, considering the results from CAO/ARO/AIO-04 study.

基于WinForm窗体的光谱扫描系统设计

目前,国内市场上广泛使用的紫外–可见分光光度计、紫外–荧光分光光度计大部分不具备自动波长扫描功能,只能人工操作和读数,因此使用受到了极大的限制。本文设计了一款基于Visual C#WinForm窗体的光谱仪软件,通过串口接收紫外–可见分光光度计、紫外–荧光分光光度计等光谱仪器的检测数据,并在电脑端对数据进行处理后,可以自动计算出吸光度、透光率、荧光强度等光谱参数,直观地显示波长扫描光谱图。

Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an increasingly philosophical debate

Following publication of NASCIS Ⅱ, methylprednisolone sodium succinate（MPSS） was hailed as a breakthrough for patients with acute spinal cord injury（SCI）. MPSS use for SCI has since become very controversial and it is our opinion that additional evidence is unlikely to break the stalemate amongst clinicians. Patient opinion has the potential to break this stalemate and we review our recent findings which reported that spinal cord injured patients informed of the risks and benefits of MPSS reported a preference for MPSS administration. We discuss the implications of the current MPSS debate on translational research and seek to address some misconceptions which have evolved. As science has failed to resolve the MPSS debate we argue that the debate is an increasingly philosophical one. We question whether SCI might be viewed as a serious condition like cancer where serious side effects of therapeutics are tolerated even when benefits may be small. We also draw attention to the similarity between the side effects of MPSS and isotretinoin which is prescribed for the cosmetic disorder acne vulgaris. Ultimately we question how patient autonomy should be weighed in the context of current SCI guidelines and MPSS＇s status as a historical standard of care.

Research progress and debates on gaming disorder

Gaming disorder has become a significant issue in mental healthcare. While gaming is an important form of entertainment, excessive gaming may cause serious consequences for players. At present, there are still controversies in the academic community concerning the public health problems related to gaming disorder. This article attempts to expound the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gaming disorder, in order to contribute to future conceptualization of gaming disorder.

The intricate debate on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease:which came first?

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a heterogeneous multifactorial disorder and,during the last years,new scientific evidence has supported this concept.The principal hallmarks of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein(α-syn).

The Debate on Democratic Revolution in Japan in the 1920s

Anti-hegemonic movements in Japan had occurred frequently since the early 20th century,and democratic revolution debate in the 1920s was the first significant domestic debate on future development strategy.Various discussions on it from Japanese academia involved state power,absolutism,agrarian revolution,and revolutionary strategy,etc.An analysis of early Japanese scholars’perspectives on the democratic revolution helps to know about the social milieu in Japan at that time,and is of positive significance to comprehend the development process of the current Japanese democratic revolution.

General debate on ITEM 3——by Ms. Li Xi, China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture

I am Li Xi, a council member of China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture.Language facilitates communication and embodies culture. According to the Chinese Constitution, every ethnic group has the freedom to use and develop its own language.

General debate on ITEM 2——by Mr. Liu Dongxu, Chinese Association for International Understanding

Current research shows that hatred toward the ethnic minorities derives from unhealthy traditions and institutions of the society. Social media has significant impact on the spread and magnification of hate speech.

General debate on ITEM 4——by Mr. Gao Zhikai, Center for China and Globalization

This is Victor Gao, on behalf of CCG. We are very happy and honored to attend this very important meeting. Human rights are very important for all the countries and people in the world. China is a staunch defender of human rights.

Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence

Precipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice,changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models' performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario.Thereafter, it may decrease(or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold(or is extensively constrained).

Mathematical Debates as an Integral Part of the Learning Process

In this report, we want to touch upon two aspects of teaching mathematics in middle and high school. The first of them is the eternal question of how to teach, to motivate students and make them involved in the educational process, particularly in mathematics, where the most important factor is the natural gifts. The second aspect concerns the question which became very urgent in the modern world： what, in fact, we want to teach the students in a world over-saturated with information of any kind. As a result of the information blowup, two aspects emerge. On the one hand, straight passing over the skills and knowledge to the students becomes irrelevant today （just like a teacher or lecturer, merely speaking to an audience, who is not that relevant for young people, accustomed from childhood to perceive information through dynamic color visuals）. On the other hand, there is a change in emphasis in the objective function of the educational process from gaining knowledge to acquisition of skills of working with information, consideration and estimation, and choosing of the optimal strategy of a number of possibilities. This trend can be seen in the selection of problems in the international examination PISA （Program for international Student Assessment）, in the new curriculum in mathematics and in the selection of problems in the matriculation exams. These considerations （along with others） make teachers took for rtew forms of teaming, more appropriate to the demands of modernity. In this report we suggest the idea of using a mathematical competition called ＂Mathematical debate＂ （mathematical fight） as an integral part of the educational process at different levels of learning mathematics, as an appropriate tool.

General debate on ITEM 3——by Ms. Renaguli Hudabaidi, Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges

I am Renaguli Hudabaidi, a farmer from Kashgar city. I have three children with my daughter 8 years old and twin sons 5 years old. After discussion with my husband, I went to the hospital to have an intrauterine device installed last year. Now my family is living a happy life.

General debate on ITEM 6——by Mr. Mao Junxiang, China Foundation for Human Rights Development

We earnestly ask the Human Rights Council to pay attention to the issue of the right to life and health of people and the systemic racism in the face of the pandemic in America.First,in response to the Covid-19 outbreak,the U.S.government needs to do better in protecting the rights to life and health of people in America.

What is ＂Chinese Modem Calligraphy＂？ An Exploration of the Critical Debate on Modem Calligraphy in Contemporary China

Since the mid-1980s Chinese calligraphy art has undergone a radical change and has opened itself to experimentation. Nowadays in China this artistic revolution has sparked a vivid debate among the art critics on three main topics： （1） definition of the phenomenon; （2） analysis of its nature; and （3） classification of the artistic production. In this article, all these aspects are analysed in order to give a comprehensive view of the present theoretical discussion and of its future development.

General debate on ITEM 9——by Sun Shiyan, China Foundation for Human Rights Development

I thank the Human Rights Council for giving me the opportunity to address this important issue. It has been more than half a century since the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination entered into force and twenty years since the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action was adopted.

Microstructure and forming mechanism of metals subjected to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

Compared with traditional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufactur-ing.Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field.In this review,metals were classified according to their crystal structures.The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mech-anism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed.The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also discussed.

Debate over Chinese Supercollider Goes Open

Debates over if China should start building the world’s biggest particle collider went public and have drawn much attention in the past few months.Proposed in 2012 as a 'Higgs factory' twice the size of LHC(Large Hadron Collider)and costing at least several billion dollars,the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)was expected to start construction in 2022 but now came under the question of senior scientists including Nobel laureate Chen-Ning Yang.