A reasoning diagram based method for fault diagnosis of railway point system

Railway Point System(RPS)is an important infrastructure in railway industry and its faults may have significant impacts on the safety and efficiency of train operations.For the fault diagnosis of RPS,most existing methods assume that sufficient samples of each failure mode are available,which may be unrealistic,especially for those modes of low occurrence frequency but with high risk.To address this issue,this work proposes a novel fault diagnosis method that only requires the power signals generated under normal RPS operations in the training stage.Specifically,the failure modes of RPS are distinguished through constructing a reasoning diagram,whose nodes are either binary logic problems or those that can be decomposed into the problems of the binary logic.Then,an unsupervised method for the signal segmentation and a fault detection method are combined to make decisions for each binary logic problem.Based on the results of decisions,the diagnostic rules are established to identify the failure modes.Finally,the data collected from multiple real-world RPSs are used for validation and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark in identifying the faults of RPSs.

Investigation on charge parameters of underwater contact explosion based on axisymmetric SPH method

This paper investigates the effects of charge parameters of the underwater contact explosion based on the axisymmetric smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH） method. The dynamic boundary particle is proposed to improve the pressure fluctuation and numerical accuracy near the symmetric axis. An in-depth study is carried out over the influence of charge shapes and detonation modes on the near-field loads in terms of the peak pressure and impulse of shock waves. For different charge shapes, the cylindrical charge with different length-diameter ratios may cause strong directivity of peak pressure and impulse in the near field. Compared with spherical charge, the peak pressure of cylindrical charge may be either weakened or enhanced in different directions. Within a certain range, the greater the length-diameter ratio is, the more obvious the effect will be. The weakened ratio near the detonation end may reach 25% approximately, while the enhanced ratio may reach around 20% in the opposite direction. However, the impulse in different directions seems to be uniform. For different detonation modes, compared with point-source explosion, the peak pressure of plane-source explosion is enhanced by about 5%. Besides, the impulse of plane-source explosion is enhanced by around 5% near the detonation end, but close to those of the point-source explosion in other directions. Based on the material constitutive relation in the axisymmetric coordinates, a simple case of underwater contact explosion is simulated to verify the above conclusions, showing that the charge parameters of underwater contact explosion should not be ignored.

A Semi-analytical Method for Vibrational and Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Nanobeams Considering the Physical Neutral Axis Position

In this paper,a semi-analytical method is presented for free vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded(FG)size-dependent nanobeams based on the physical neutral axis position.It is the first time that a semi-analytical differential transform method(DTM)solution is developed for the FG nanobeams vibration and buckling analysis.Material properties of FG nanobeam are supposed to vary continuously along the thickness according to the power-law form.The physical neutral axis position for mentioned FG nanobeams is determined.The small scale effect is taken into consideration based on nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen.The nonlocal equations of motion are derived through Hamilton’s principle and they are solved applying DTM.It is demonstrated that the DTM has high precision and computational efficiency in the vibration analysis of FG nanobeams.The good agreement between the results of this article and those available in literature validated the presented approach.The detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed while the emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of the several parameters such as neutral axis position,small scale effects,the material distribution profile,mode number,thickness ratio and boundary conditions on the normalized natural frequencies and dimensionless buckling load of the FG nanobeams in detail.It is explicitly shown that the vibration and buckling behaviour of a FG nanobeams is significantly influenced by these effects.

PRINCIPAL AXIS INTRINSIC METHOD AND THE HIGH DIMENSIONAL TENSOR EQUATION AX－XA＝C

The present paper spreads the principal axis intrinsic method to the highdimensional case and discusses the solution of the tensor equation AX --XA = C

A sensitive method of determining optic axis azimuth based on laser feedback

A sensitive method to determine the optic axis azimuth of the birefringence element is presented, which is based on laser feedback. The phase difference between the two intensities in birefringence feedback changes with the angle between the optic axis of the birefringence element and laser original polarization. The phase difference is highly sensitive to the relative position of the optic axis and the laser original polarization. This method is used to highly precisely determine the optic axis azimuth, and is able to distinguish between the fast axis and the slow axis of the birefringence element. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are both demonstrated.

Distribution of Oxytocin Hypothamic-Picuitary-Ovary Axis in Guangxi Local Buffalo

To study the association of oxytocin (OT)'s distribution in hypothalamatic,pituitary and ovary,and understand how the OT secrete releasing in hypothalamus,pituitary and ovaries,the paraffin section immunohistochemistry SuperPicTureTM two step method was used to detect the distribution of OT in hypothalamatic-pituitary-ovary axis of five femal Guangxi local buffalo. The test results could provide morphology according to study the OT's synthesis and mechanism of action,and could play reference and directions part in breeding Guangxi local buffalo. The test results display:oxytocin immuno reactive (OT-IR) neuronsw eremainly distributed arcuate nucleus,supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus,and OT-IR neurons was also found in ventromedial nucleus,ventrolateralis nucleus,suprachiasmaticus nucleus,dorsomedial nucleus,mamillary body,anterior hypothalamic nucleus and so on. The OT immunoactive production was found in pituitary and few OT-IR nerve fibers extended to post pituitary from hypophyseal stalk and medium eminence. In ovaries,OT immunoactive productions were only distributed in germinal epithelium cells,granulosa cells and lutein cells. The OT was first discovered in singulorum link of hypothalamatic-pituitary-ovary axis of Guangxi local buffalo. The OT immunoactive neurons were first discovered in every main nucleus of Guangxi local buffalo hypothalamus,especially distributed in arcuate nucleus,supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus.

Symmetric axis detection for images based on Hough algorithm

To extract the symmetric axis o{ rigid target accurately, a symmetric axis detection method is proposed based on Hough algorithm. A bullet is selected as a research object. Firstly, the original image is collected and the characteristics of the target image are analyzed. Because the symmetric axis detection depends on the edge detection of the image, it is necessary to use relevant operators to detect the edge and get all possible edge points. Secondly, all possible symmetric axes related to all contour points acquired are determined by Hough transform, and all possible inclination angles and intercepts and their ranges are obtained. Finally, by using least squares method, when the distance between the symmetric points of the contour points from the one edge and the contour points from the other edge is the minimum, the optimal symmetric axis is got. Simulation resuits show that the proposed method can improve noise-resistance and precision of symmetric axis detection and has certain practical value.

The efficiency and accuracy of probability diagram, spatial statistic and fractal methods in the identification of shear zone gold mineralization: a case study of the Saqqez gold ore district,NW Iran

In this study,geochemical anomaly separation was carried out with methods based on the distribution model,which includes probability diagram(MPD),fractal(concentration-area technique),and U-statistic methods.The main objective is to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the methods in separation of anomalies on the shear zone gold mineralization.For this purpose,samples were taken from the secondary lithogeochemical environment(stream sediment samples)on the gold mineralization in Saqqez,NW of Iran.Interpretation of the histograms and diagrams showed that the MPD is capable of identifying two phases of mineralization.The fractal method could separate only one phase of change based on the fractal dimension with high concentration areas of the Au element.The spatial analysis showed two mixed subpopulations after U=0 and another subpopulation with very high U values.The MPD analysis followed spatial analysis,which shows the detail of the variations.Six mineralized zones detected from local geochemical exploration results were used for validating the methods mentioned above.The MPD method was able to identify the anomalous areas higher than 90%,whereas the two other methods identified 60%(maximum)of the anomalous areas.The raw data without any estimation for the concentration was used by the MPD method using aminimum of calculations to determine the threshold values.Therefore,the MPD method is more robust than the other methods.The spatial analysis identified the detail soft hegeological and mineralization events that were affected in the study area.MPD is recommended as the best,and the spatial U-analysis is the next reliable method to be used.The fractal method could show more detail of the events and variations in the area with asymmetrical grid net and a higher density of sampling or at the detailed exploration stage.

LOCAL EQUILIBRIUM METHOD IN STUDYING PHASE DIAGRAM OF Mn-MnO SYSTEM

A special method based on the local equilibrium principle has been introduced in the research of the phase diagram of Mn-MnO system.With this method,the problems of volatilization of Mn and the corrosion of Mn and MnO to refractory materials were prevented efficiently.The solubility of oxygen in Mn and the composition of the interface between MnO and Mn were determined.Partial phase diagram of Mn-MnO system were constructed according to pres- ent experimental results.

Micromechanical Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Metal Matrix Composites Subjected to off-axis Loading

This study aims to investigate the effects of interfacial debonding and fiber volume fraction on the stressstrain behavior of the fiber reinforced metal matrix composites subjected to off-axis loading.The generalized method of cells(GMC)is used to analyze a representative element whose fiber shape is circular.The constant compliant interface model(CCI)is also adopted to study the response of composites with imperfect interfacial bonding.Results show that for the composites subjected to off-axis loading,the mechanical behaviors are affected appreciably by the interfacial debonding and the fiber volume fraction.

Coefficient Diagram Method Based Load Frequency Control for a Modern Power System

increasing penetration of renewable energy sources with a wide range of operating conditions causing power system uncertainties, conventional controllers are incapable of providing proper performance to keep the system stable. However, controllable or dispatchable loads such as electric vehicles （EVs） and heat pumps （HPs） can be utilized for supplementary frequency control. This paper shows the ability of plug-in hybrid EVs, HPs, and batteries （BTs） to contribute in the frequency control of an isolated power system. Moreover, we propose a new online intelligent approach by using a coefficient diagram method （CDM） to enhance the system performance and robustness against uncertainties. The performance of the proposed intelligent CDM control has been compared with the proportional-integral （PI） controller and the superiority of the proposed scheme has been verified in Matiab/Simulink programs.

New Method for the Calculation of Stable Phase Diagrams

Numerical methods commonly used for the calculating phase diagrams were listed. A new method to calculate stable phase diagrams was presented which possesse the advantages of both the New-ton Raphson method and the simplex method. This method is suitable for the calculation of the stable equilibria in complicated systems. For example. calculated results in comparison with experimental results as well as the prediction of new systems were shown in the present work

Method of Phase Diagrams for the Analysis of Seism-Acoustical Spatial-Time Monitoring Data in Oil Wells

Experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanisms of vibration stimulation of oil recovery in watered fields lead to the conclusion that resonance oscillations develop in fractured-block formations. These oscillations, caused by weak but long-lasting and frequency-stable influences, create the conditions for ultrasonic wave’s generation in the layers, which are capable of destroying thickened oil membranes in reservoir cracks. For fractured-porous reservoirs in the process of exploitation by the method of water high-pressure oil displacement, the possibility of intensifying ultrasonic vibrations can have an important technological significance. Even a very weak ultrasound can destroy, over a long period of time, the viscous oil membranes formed in the cracks between the blocks, which can be the reason for lowering the permeability of the layers and increasing the oil recovery. To describe these effects, it is necessary to consider the wave process in a hierarchically blocky environment and theoretically simulate the mechanism of the appearance of self-oscillations under the action of relaxation shear stresses. For the analysis of seism acoustic response in time on fixed intervals along the borehole an algorithm of phase diagrams of the state of many-phase medium is suggested.

Effect of Yaw Angle on Large Scale Three-blade Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Offshore Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines(HAWT)are used globally as a source of clean and renewable energy.Turbine efficiency can be improved by optimizing the geometry of the turbine blades.Turbines are generally designed in a way that its orientation is adjustable to ensure the wind direction is aligned with the axis of the turbine shaft.The deflection angle from this position is defined as yaw angle of the turbine.Understanding the effects of the yaw angle on the wind turbine performance is important for the turbine safety and performance analysis.In this study,performance of a yawed HAWT is studied by computational fluid dynamics.The wind flow around the turbine is simulated by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations using software ANSYS Fluent.The principal aim of this study is to quantify the yaw angle on the efficiency of the turbine and to check the accuracy of existing empirical formula.A three-bladed 100-m diameter prototype HAWT was analysed through comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations.The turbine efficiency reaches its maximum value of 33.9%at 0°yaw angle and decreases with the increase of yaw angle.It was proved that the cosine law can estimate the turbine efficiency with a yaw angle with an error less 10%when the yaw angle is between-30°and 30°.The relative error of the cosine law increase at larger yaw angles because of the power is reduced significantly.

IDDES方法模拟风切变下大型水平轴风力机流场特性

为研究风切变条件下大型水平轴风力机流场特性,以NH 1500 kW大型水平轴风力机为研究对象,运用计算流体力学中模拟流场精度较高的IDDES(改进延迟分离涡)方法,分析流场内瞬时速度分量、脉动速度和风力机输出功率。结果表明:风轮平面周围流场速度波动大,轴向速度在风轮旋转边界以外的区域会增大,在旋转边界以内的区域会亏损;脉动风速频谱特性在低频区与风轮转频的整数倍相关,风力机功率呈余弦形式输出并满足湍流谱特性。

RPC应力-应变曲线系数与塑性损伤因子无量纲化计算模型研究

为了方便活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC)等效矩形应力图系数与塑性损伤因子的计算与取值,对RPC应力-应变曲线系数与塑性损伤因子的计算模型进行了理论研究。通过对现有的计算方法进行无量纲化转化,推导了决定计算模型的四个原函数条件;对一个实际的应力-应变关系进行了计算,将得到的结果进行了分析;并对受弯矩形梁非极限状态下截面内力和力矩的推定计算进行了演示。针对应力-应变关系式含有非整次有理分式的情况提出了曲线拟合方法;研究了拟合次数、拟合区间和拟合函数类型对拟合精度与稳定性的影响。比较了4种典型的RPC本构模型在同种材料下的应力-应变曲线系数与损伤因子取值模型曲线,结果显示:拟合曲线得到的取值模型与其他原始曲线得到的取值模型在曲线上具有较高的相似度,证明了曲线拟合方法的准确可靠性;最后给出了一种RPC受压应力-应变曲线系数与塑性损伤因子无量纲化取值模型。

基于Roe-Siegmund循环内聚力模型焊趾疲劳裂纹萌生仿真

为建立焊趾疲劳裂纹萌生行为仿真方法,基于Roe-Siegmund循环内聚力模型对ABAQUS进行二次开发,形成用于反映疲劳累积损伤的VUMAT子程序,依据文献方法及试验数据获取Q345焊接区域材料的内聚力参数,通过Voronoi图法和内聚力单元法生成具有疲劳累积损伤特性和晶粒特征的微观模型,并与宏观对接焊缝模型合并,进行多尺度疲劳裂纹萌生仿真模拟,获得裂纹萌生路径、临界循环次数及晶粒力学响应特征.结果表明,此方法能够自发地选择符合实际情况的裂纹萌生位置以及短裂纹扩展路径,完成对焊接区域材料微观断裂过程的模拟,不同仿真组获取的临界循环次数存在于一定的分布范围内,模型中的累积内聚力长度需通过试验数据进行拟合.

盾构隧道缓和曲线段管片组合轴线拟合计算方法

盾构隧道在缓和曲线部分存在管片拼装问题,因缓和曲线线型复杂,管片拼装点位多变,一直是施工过程中的一个难题。基于错缝拼装要求与楔形管片特点,提出一种在平面范围内,利用循环计算与误差控制的条件判定,综合比选标准环与楔形环组合,完成每环管片拼装施工,最终拟合出既满足规范与控制指标,又可保证线型较为均匀的管片拼装轴线的管片施工设计方法与验证方法。并根据实际工程需要,提出最大允许偏差控制方法和缓圆点附近的管片拼装优化措施,结合珠海市珠机线湾仔北站—湾仔站区间盾构隧道实例,证明了此方法的准确性与适用性,为缓和曲线上控制管片拼装质量提供理论依据。

精细化管理法减少中药注射剂不合理配伍的效果分析

目的:评价精细化管理法减少中药注射剂不合理配伍的效果。方法:通过鱼骨图分析可能影响中药注射剂不合理配伍的因素,针对关键问题实施精细化管理,调查精细化管理干预前(2021年7—12月)、干预后(2022年7—12月)该院中药注射剂医嘱,对不合理配伍医嘱进行统计分析,对比干预前后中药注射剂医嘱配伍不合理率,探讨干预措施的有效性。结果:干预前,25453组中药注射剂医嘱中,不合理配伍医嘱2366组,中药注射剂医嘱配伍不合理率为9.30%;干预后,28466组中药注射剂医嘱中,不合理配伍医嘱855组,中药注射剂医嘱配伍不合理率为3.00%,不合理率较干预前降低67.74%。干预后,中药注射剂医嘱中溶剂剂量不适宜、违反“十九畏”原则和溶剂种类选择不当问题大幅减少,未冲管和中西药混合输注问题已基本不存在。表明精细化管理模式能够有效改善中药注射剂医嘱不合理配伍情况。结论:通过鱼骨图分析可能影响中药注射剂不合理配伍的因素,针对关键问题实施精细化管理,可有效减少中药注射剂的不合理配伍现象,为其他医院中药注射剂的合理应用提供了参考。