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Readout electronics for a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector 被引量:3
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作者 Er-Lei Chen Chang-Qing Feng +4 位作者 Shu-Bin Liu Chun-Feng Ye Dong-Dong Jin Jian Lian Hui-Jun Hu 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期94-99,共6页
The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly co... The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications. 展开更多
关键词 Energy and time measurement soft X-ray detection Silicon drift DETECTOR READOUT ELECTRONICS
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Development and Application of Intelligent Prediction Software for Broken Rock Zone Thickness of Drifts 被引量:1
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作者 XUGuo-an JINGHong-wen +1 位作者 LIKai-ge CHENKun-fu 《Journal of China University of Mining and Technology》 EI 2005年第2期86-90,共5页
In order to seek the economical, practical and effective method of obtaining the thickness of broken rock zone, an emerging intelligent prediction method with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was introduc... In order to seek the economical, practical and effective method of obtaining the thickness of broken rock zone, an emerging intelligent prediction method with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was introduced into the thickness prediction. And the software with functions of creating and applying prediction systems was devel- oped on the platform of MATLAB6.5. The software was used to predict the broken rock zone thickness of drifts at Li- angbei coal mine, Xinlong Company of Coal Industry in Xuchang city of Henan province. The results show that the predicted values accord well with the in situ measured ones. Thereby the validity of the software is validated and it provides a new approach to obtaining the broken zone thickness. 展开更多
关键词 broken rock zone around drift intelligent prediction software adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission 被引量:4
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作者 S.Sembay A.L.Alme +83 位作者 D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期5-14,共10页
The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission.SMILE is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese... The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission.SMILE is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in 2025.SXI is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE orbit.SXI is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s exosphere.SWCX provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field lines.The sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many hours.SXI is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States. 展开更多
关键词 soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD
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Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method 被引量:1
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作者 Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor +2 位作者 Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh David G.Sibeck 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期184-203,共20页
Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the magneto... Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the magnetosphere.The spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to interpret.Global wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial magnetosphere.Two upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral atoms.High-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field orientation.This work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth line.To do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenGGCM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude information.Our results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray images.Also,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation highly depends on the observational point. 展开更多
关键词 MAGNETOPAUSE soft X-ray TOMOGRAPHY
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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter 被引量:1
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作者 Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor +9 位作者 Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh David Sibeck Kip D.Kuntz Frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期173-183,共11页
The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective l... The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind conditions.To suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray images.In this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is maximized.Two assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause curvature.We create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson noise.We then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea ks.From the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground truth.Our method estimates RS with an accuracy of<0.3 RE when the solar wind density exceeds>10 cm-3.The accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic fields.The method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field turnings.Consequently,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the dayside reconnection modes for dynamic solar wind conditions.This technique will suppo rt the LEXI and SMILE missions in achieving their scientific o bjectives. 展开更多
关键词 soft X-ray MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION low-pass filter LEXI SMILE
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SMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation 被引量:1
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作者 S.Parsons D.J.Hall +4 位作者 O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold M.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期25-38,共14页
Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their performance.In order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the sof... Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their performance.In order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance level.Three CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa re.This has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment facility.The results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe rature.However at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment specifications.Overall,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science mode.The se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame mode.However any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented. 展开更多
关键词 CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SMILE
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Mechanism of high-preload support based on the NPR anchor cable in layered soft rock tunnels 被引量:1
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作者 SUI Qiru HE Manchao +3 位作者 SHI Mengfan TAO Zhigang ZHAO Feifei ZHANG Xiaoyu 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期1403-1418,共16页
The control of large deformation problems in layered soft rock tunnels needs to solve urgently.The roof problem is particularly severe among the deformation issues in tunnels.This study first analyzes the asymmetric d... The control of large deformation problems in layered soft rock tunnels needs to solve urgently.The roof problem is particularly severe among the deformation issues in tunnels.This study first analyzes the asymmetric deformation modes in layered soft rock tunnels with large deformations.Subsequently,we construct a mechanical model under ideal conditions for controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels through high preload with the support of NPR anchor cables.The prominent roles of long and short NPR anchor cables in the support system are also analyzed.The results indicate the significance of high preload in controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels.The short NPR anchor cables effectively improve the integrity of the stratified soft rock layers,while the long NPR anchor cables effectively mobilize the self-bearing capacity of deep-stable rock layers.Finally,the high-preload support method with NPR anchor cables is validated to have a good effect on controlling large deformations in layered soft rock tunnels through field monitoring data. 展开更多
关键词 Tunnel engineering soft rock High-preload support NPR anchor cables
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Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rock with different water contents under dynamic disturbance 被引量:1
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作者 Yujing Jiang Lugen Chen +4 位作者 Dong Wang Hengjie Luan Guangchao Zhang Ling Dong Bin Liang 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期135-148,共14页
Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties... Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rocks with different water contents under dynamic disturbance.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of muddy sandstones at different water contents were analysed.Results of experimental studies show that water is a key factor in the mechanical properties of rocks,softening them,increasing their porosity,reducing their brittleness and increasing their plasticity.Under uniaxial compression,the macroscopic damage characteristics of the muddy sandstone change from mono-bevel shear damage and‘X’type conjugate bevel shear damage to a roadway bottom-drum type damage as the water content increases.Dynamic perturbation has a strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of samples with 60%and less water content,and a weakening effect on samples with 80%and more water content,but the weakening effect is not obvious.Macroscopic damage characteristics of dry samples remain unchanged,water samples from shear damage and tensile–shear composite damage gradually transformed into cleavage damage,until saturation transformation monoclinic shear damage.The evolution of acoustic emission energy and event number is mainly divided into four stages:loading stage(Ⅰ),dynamic loading stage(Ⅱ),yield failure stage(Ⅲ),and post-peak stage(Ⅳ),the acoustic emission characteristics of the stages were different for different water contents.The characteristic value of acoustic emission key point frequency gradually decreases,and the damage degree of the specimen increases,corresponding to low water content—high main frequency—low damage and high water content—low main frequency—high damage. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic disturbance soft rock Cyclic loading Acoustic emission Water content
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Two methods for separating the magnetospheric solar wind charge exchange soft X-ray emission from the diffuse X-ray background 被引量:2
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作者 YingJie Zhang TianRan Sun +5 位作者 JenniferACarter WenHao Liu Steve Sembay ShuiNai Zhang Li Ji Chi Wang 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期119-132,共14页
Solar wind charge exchange(SWCX)is the process of solar wind high-valence ions exchanging charges with neutral components and generating soft X-rays.Recently,detecting the SWCX emission from the magnetosphere is propo... Solar wind charge exchange(SWCX)is the process of solar wind high-valence ions exchanging charges with neutral components and generating soft X-rays.Recently,detecting the SWCX emission from the magnetosphere is proposed as a new technique to study the magnetosphere using panoramic soft X-ray imaging.To better prepare for the data analysis of upcoming magnetospheric soft X-ray imaging missions,this paper compares the magnetospheric SWCX emission obtained by two methods in an XMM-Newton observation,during which the solar wind changed dramatically.The two methods differ in the data used to fit the diffuse X-ray background(DXB)parameters in spectral analysis.The method adding data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey(RASS)is called the RASS method.The method using the quiet observation data is called the Quiet method,where quiet observations usually refer to observations made by the same satellite with the same target but under weaker solar wind conditions.Results show that the spectral compositions of magnetospheric SWCX emission obtained by the two methods are very similar,and the changes in intensity over time are highly consistent,although the intensity obtained by the RASS method is about 2.68±0.56 keV cm^(-2)s^(-1)sr^(-1)higher than that obtained by the Quiet method.Since the DXB intensity obtained by the RASS method is about 2.84±0.74 keV cm^(-2)s^(-1)sr^(-1)lower than that obtained by the Quiet method,and the linear correlation coefficient between the difference of SWCX and DXB obtained by the two methods in diffe rent energy band is close to-1,the diffe rences in magnetospheric SWCX can be fully attributed to the diffe rences in the fitted DXB.The difference between the two methods is most significant when the energy is less than 0.7 keV,which is also the main energy band of SWCX emission.In addition,the difference between the two methods is not related to the SWCX intensity and,to some extent,to solar wind conditions,because SWCX intensity typically va ries with the solar wind.In summary,both methods are robust and reliable,and should be considered based on the best available options. 展开更多
关键词 solar wind charge exchange(SWCX) ROSAT All-Sky Survey(RASS) soft X-ray X-ray imaging MAGNETOSPHERE
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Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries 被引量:2
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作者 M.Grandin H.K.Connor +5 位作者 S.Hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-Kempf U.Ganse K.Papadakis M.Palmroth 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期70-88,共19页
Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing tech... Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing techniques.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instruments.While earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space plasma.To investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator model.The simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field.We first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial views.We then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the magnetopause.Our results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray images.For instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this region.Likewise,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath associated with mirror-mode structures can result in an enhancement in the soft X-ray signal by 4%.These are likely conservative estimates,given that the solar wind conditions used in the Vlasiator run can be expected to generate weaker soft X-ray emissions than the more common denser solar wind.These results will contribute to the preparatory work for the SMILE and LEXI missions by providing the community with quantitative estimates of the effects of small-scale,transient phenomena occurring on the dayside. 展开更多
关键词 MAGNETOSPHERE MAGNETOSHEATH numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves
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Path Planning and Tracking Control for Parking via Soft Actor-Critic Under Non-Ideal Scenarios 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaolin Tang Yuyou Yang +3 位作者 Teng Liu Xianke Lin Kai Yang Shen Li 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期181-195,共15页
Parking in a small parking lot within limited space poses a difficult task. It often leads to deviations between the final parking posture and the target posture. These deviations can lead to partial occupancy of adja... Parking in a small parking lot within limited space poses a difficult task. It often leads to deviations between the final parking posture and the target posture. These deviations can lead to partial occupancy of adjacent parking lots, which poses a safety threat to vehicles parked in these parking lots. However, previous studies have not addressed this issue. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the impact of parking deviation of existing vehicles next to the target parking lot(PDEVNTPL) on the automatic ego vehicle(AEV) parking, in terms of safety, comfort, accuracy, and efficiency of parking. A segmented parking training framework(SPTF) based on soft actor-critic(SAC) is proposed to improve parking performance. In the proposed method, the SAC algorithm incorporates strategy entropy into the objective function, to enable the AEV to learn parking strategies based on a more comprehensive understanding of the environment. Additionally, the SPTF simplifies complex parking tasks to maintain the high performance of deep reinforcement learning(DRL). The experimental results reveal that the PDEVNTPL has a detrimental influence on the AEV parking in terms of safety, accuracy, and comfort, leading to reductions of more than 27%, 54%, and 26%respectively. However, the SAC-based SPTF effectively mitigates this impact, resulting in a considerable increase in the parking success rate from 71% to 93%. Furthermore, the heading angle deviation is significantly reduced from 2.25 degrees to 0.43degrees. 展开更多
关键词 Automatic parking control strategy parking deviation(APS) soft actor-critic(SAC)
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Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable,untethered,and multimorphic soft robots
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作者 Soo Young Cho Dong Hae Ho +1 位作者 Sae Byeok Jo Jeong Ho Cho 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期407-416,共10页
Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single structure.Soft robotics can become one of the largest benef... Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single structure.Soft robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these advances,through the design of a facile four-dimensional(4D)FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed objects.Herein,we present a simple binder jetting approach for the 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introducing rationally designed graded multiphase feeder beds.Compositionally graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable hygroscopic deformation without complex mechanical designs.Furthermore,a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and untethered soft robot with stark stimulus selectivity.The biodegradability of the proposed 4D-printed soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach,with immediate degradation rates of 96.6%within 72 h.The proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics. 展开更多
关键词 intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing multi-material four-dimensional printing untethered soft robot multi-stimuli-responsive soft robot biodegradable soft robotics
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Simulation of the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning 被引量:1
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作者 Andrey Samsonov Graziella Branduardi-Raymont +3 位作者 Steven Sembay Andrew Read David Sibeck Lutz Rastaetter 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期39-46,共8页
The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic reconnection.We simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magne... The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic reconnection.We simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce SXI count maps with a 5-minute integration time.By making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulation.The root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 RE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning. 展开更多
关键词 MAGNETOPAUSE magnetic reconnection solar wind charge exchange southward interplanetary magnetic field numerical modeling Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) soft X-ray Imager
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Sustainable and untethered soft robots created using printable and recyclable ferromagnetic fibers
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作者 Wei Tang Yidan Gao +4 位作者 Zeyu Dong Dong Han Vadim V.Gorodov Elena Y.Kramarenko Jun Zou 《Bio-Design and Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期926-937,共12页
Integrated printing of magnetic soft robots with complex structures using recyclable materials to achieve sustainability of the soft robots remains a persistent challenge.Here,we propose a kind of ferromagnetic fibers... Integrated printing of magnetic soft robots with complex structures using recyclable materials to achieve sustainability of the soft robots remains a persistent challenge.Here,we propose a kind of ferromagnetic fibers that can be used to print soft robots with complex structures.These ferromagnetic fibers are recyclable and can make soft robots sustainable.The ferromagnetic fibers based on thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/NdFeB hybrid particles are extruded by an extruder.We use a desktop three-dimensional(3D)printer to demonstrate the feasibility of printing two-dimensional(2D)and complex 3D soft robots.These printed soft robots can be recycled and reprinted into new robots once their tasks are completed.Moreover,these robots show almost no difference in actuation capability compared to prior versions and have new functions.Successful applications include lifting,grasping,and moving objects,and these functions can be operated untethered wirelessly.In addition,the locomotion of the magnetic soft robot in a human stomach model shows the prospect of medical applications.Overall,these fully recyclable ferromagnetic fibers pave the way for printing and reprinting sustainable soft robots while also effectively reducing e-waste and robotics waste materials,which is important for resource conservation and environmental protection. 展开更多
关键词 Ferromagnetic fibers Sustainable soft robots Three-dimensional printing Recyclable soft materials Medical applications
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Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy
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作者 Hongxia Chen Lina Lin +7 位作者 Long Fan Wangxiao Yang Yinke Dou Bingrui Li Yan He Bin Kong Guangyu Zuo Na Liu 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期70-79,共10页
During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which... During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea.The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea,Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,Makarov Basin,and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d.After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge,it continued to drift toward the pole.Overall,the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current,as well as the inertial flow,cross-ridge surface flow,and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals.The results showed that:(1)the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high,and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s;(2)the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s,and while this current moves westward along the continental slope,it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea;and(3)when sea ice concentration was less than 50%,the inertial flow was more significant(the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s,and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km). 展开更多
关键词 Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) surface drifting buoy transpolar drift Chukchi Slope Current inertial flow
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Simulation and reconstruction of particle trajectories in the CEPC drift chamber
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作者 Meng‑Yao Liu Wei‑Dong Li +3 位作者 Xing‑Tao Huang Yao Zhang Tao Lin Ye Yuan 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期9-22,共14页
The circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)is designed to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs boson,study electroweak interactions at the Z-boson peak,and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model.A... The circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)is designed to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs boson,study electroweak interactions at the Z-boson peak,and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model.As a component of the 4th conceptual CEPC detector,the drift chamber facilitates the measurement of charged particles.This study implemented a Geant4-based simulation and track reconstruction for the drift chamber.For the simulation,detector construction and response were implemented and added to the CEPC simulation chain.The development of track reconstruction involves track finding using the combinatorial Kalman filter method and track fitting using the tool of GenFit.Using the simulated data,the tracking performance was studied.The results showed that both the reconstruction resolution and tracking efficiency satisfied the requirements of the CEPC experiment. 展开更多
关键词 CEPC drift chamber Detector simulation Track reconstruction
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Role of Stokes Drift in Ocean Dynamics Under Typhoon Conditions in the Bohai Sea
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作者 LI Haoqian WAN Kai +2 位作者 WANG Menghan DENG Zeng’an CAO Yu 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 CAS CSCD 2024年第1期33-45,共13页
The effect of Stokes drift production(SDP),which includes Coriolis-Stokes forcing,Langmuir circulation,and Craik-Lei-bovich vortexes,on the upper ocean during typhoon passage in the Bohai Sea(BS),China,is investigated... The effect of Stokes drift production(SDP),which includes Coriolis-Stokes forcing,Langmuir circulation,and Craik-Lei-bovich vortexes,on the upper ocean during typhoon passage in the Bohai Sea(BS),China,is investigated by using a coupled wave-current model.The role of SDP in turbulent mixing and the further dynamics during the entire typhoon period are comprehensively stud-ied.Experimental results show that SDP greatly increases turbulent mixing at all depths under typhoon conditions by up to seven times that under normal weather conditions.SDP generally strengthens sea surface cooling by more than 0.4℃,with the maximum reduction in sea surface temperature(SST)at the during-typhoon stage exceeding 2℃,which is approximately seven times larger than that under normal weather conditions.The SDP-induced decrease in current speed can exceed 0.2ms^(-1),and the change in current direction is generally opposite the wind direction.These results suggest that Stokes drift depresses the effect of strong winds on currents by intensifying turbulent mixing.Mixed layer depth(MLD)is distinctly increased by O(1)during typhoons due to SDP and can deepen by more than 5m.In addition,the continuous effects of SDP on SST,current,and MLD at the after-typhoon stage indi-cate a hysteretic response between SDP and typhoon actions. 展开更多
关键词 Stokes drift production Langmuir turbulence rurbulent mixing TYPHOON coupled model
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Typhoon-Induced Ocean Waves and Stokes Drift:A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)
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作者 WU Zhi-yuan GAO Kai +6 位作者 CHEN Jie ZHANG Hao-jian DENG Bin JIANG Chang-bo LIU Yi-zhuang LYU Zhao YAN Ren 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第4期711-724,共14页
Ocean waves and Stokes drift are generated by typhoons.This study investigated the characteristics of ocean waves and wave-induced Stokes drift and their effects during Typhoon Mangkhut using European Centre for Mediu... Ocean waves and Stokes drift are generated by typhoons.This study investigated the characteristics of ocean waves and wave-induced Stokes drift and their effects during Typhoon Mangkhut using European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)ERA5 datasets and observational data.The results revealed that the typhoon generated intense cyclones and huge typhoon waves with a maximum wind speed of 45 m/s,a minimum pressure of955 h Pa,and a maximum significant wave height of 12 m.The Stokes drift caused by typhoon waves exceeded 0.6m/s,the Stokes depth scale exceeded 18 m,and the maximum Stokes transport reached 6 m^(2)/s.The spatial distribution of 10-m wind speed,typhoon wave height,Stokes drift,Stokes depth,and Stokes transport during the typhoon was highly correlated with the typhoon track.The distribution along the typhoon track showed significant zonal asymmetry,with greater intensity on the right side of the typhoon track than on the left side.These findings provide important insights into the impact of typhoons on ocean waves and Stokes drift,thus improving our understanding of the interactions between typhoons and the ocean environment.This study also investigated the contribution of Stokes transport to the total net transport during typhoons using Ekman-Stokes Numbers as a comparative measure.The results indicated that the ratio of Stokes transport to the total net transport reached up to 50%within the typhoon radius,while it was approximately 30%outside the radius.Strong Stokes transport induced by typhoon waves led to divergence in the transport direction,which resulted in upwelling of the lower ocean as a compensation current.Thus,Stokes transport played a crucial role in the vertical mixing of the ocean during typhoons.The findings suggested that Stokes transport should be paid more attention to,particularly in high latitude ocean regions,where strong winds can amplify its effects. 展开更多
关键词 Stokes drift typhoon waves Ekman-Stokes transport vertical mixing Typhoon Mangkhut
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Hand Cooling Enhances the Proprioceptive Drift during Rubber Hand Illusion
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作者 Masanori Sakamoto Yuta Akaike +1 位作者 Kazuya Tatsumi Hirotoshi Ifuku 《Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science》 2024年第7期210-226,共17页
Background: The neural representation of the body is easily altered by integrating multiple sensory signals in the brain. The “Rubber Hand Illusion” (RHI) is one of the most popular experimental paradigms to investi... Background: The neural representation of the body is easily altered by integrating multiple sensory signals in the brain. The “Rubber Hand Illusion” (RHI) is one of the most popular experimental paradigms to investigate this phenomenon. During this illusion, ownership of a rubber hand is temporarily induced. It was shown that external and continuous cooling of the palm enhanced the RHI, suggesting an association between altered the autonomic nervous system regulation and altered the sense of ownership of a specific limb. Purpose: To investigate whether artificially cooling the entire hand for a short period affects the magnitude of the illusion. Methods: Participants immersed their entire hand in cool, cold, or warm water for 1 min before the RHI procedure. Results: We found that cooling the entire hand enhanced the proprioceptive drift during the RHI but not the subjective feeling of ownership. In contrast, warming and intense cooling of the entire hand did not affect the RHI strength. Conclusion: Our results suggest that transient and moderate cooling of the entire hand was sufficient in enhancing the illusory disembodiment of one’s own hand. 展开更多
关键词 Hand Temperature COOLING Rubber Hand Illusion OWNERSHIP Proprioceptive drift
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An Automatic Implementation of Oropharyngeal Swab Sampling for Diagnosing Respiratory Infectious Diseases via Soft Robotic End-Effectors
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作者 Yafeng Cui Wenjie Yu +8 位作者 Jingjing Li Qi Shao Ding Weng Guoping Yin Xiaohao Zhang Xinjun Liu Jingying Ye Jiadao Wang Huichan Zhao 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期55-67,共13页
The most widely adopted method for diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases is to conduct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays on patients’respiratory specimens,which are collected through either nasal or oropharyn... The most widely adopted method for diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases is to conduct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays on patients’respiratory specimens,which are collected through either nasal or oropharyngeal swabs.The manual swab sampling process poses a high risk to the examiner and may cause false-negative results owing to improper sampling.In this paper,we propose a pneumatically actuated soft end-effector specifically designed to achieve all of the tasks involved in swab sampling.The soft end-effector utilizes circumferential instability to ensure grasping stability,and exhibits several key properties,including high load-to-weight ratio,error tolerance,and variable swab-tip stiffness,leading to successful automatic robotic oropharyngeal swab sampling,from loosening and tightening the transport medium tube cap,holding the swab,and conducting sampling,to snapping off the swab tail and sterilizing itself.Using an industrial collaborative robotic arm,we integrated the soft end-effector,force sensor,camera,lights,and remote-control stick,and developed a robotic oropharyngeal swab sampling system.Using this swab sampling system,we conducted oropharyngeal swab-sampling tests on 20 volunteers.Our Digital PCR assay results(RNase P RNA gene absolute copy numbers for the samples)revealed that our system successfully collected sufficient numbers of cells from the pharyngeal wall for respiratory disease diagnosis.In summary,we have developed a pharyngeal swab-sampling system based on an“enveloping”soft actuator,studied the sampling process,and imple-mented whole-process robotic oropharyngeal swab-sampling. 展开更多
关键词 Diagnosis Medical robot soft end-effector Swab-sampling Digital PCR
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