Malawi Opens Tourism Doors No visa’s needed for Chinese tourists and others,as Malawi makes visits more convenient

When Malawian President Lazarus Chakwera delivered a State of the Nation Address at the 50th Parliamentary Session and Budget Meeting in February,tourism was top of mind.

Protecting world heritage in China by enacting laws:Sustainable tourism development

Chinese scholars have been debating how to best protect and utilize world heritage.This study discusses three key perspectives on this issue,which are“conflict-focused”,“compromise-oriented”,and“coordination-oriented”.Some typical incidents,which involve damage to heritage resources,are analyzed before a coordination model is presented that maximizes the compatibility of sustainable tourism development and world heritage protection.Finally,this study explores the possibility of constructing a legal system that engages all the stakeholders in protecting world heritage.Chinese lawmakers,for example,should seize the opportunity to create a law concerning national parks,which will modify and integrate existing laws and regulations in order to produce a comprehensive legal system that embodies the fundamental values of world heritage protection and sustainable tourism development.This system should implement the following:(1)maximize the complementary aspects of and mutual benefits derived from both tourism development and world heritage protection;(2)pay special attention to the various restraints that are inherent in the fundamental requirements for world heritage protection;(3)make world heritage protection sustainable while supporting sustainable tourism development;and(4)emphasize the public-interest nature of profits that are obtained by tourism developers while ensuring that the income from tourism is proportionately allotted to heritage protection.

Study on Regulatory Issues of Environmental Laws of Rural Tourism in China

In recent years, rural tourism in China vigorously developed, which promoted economic and social development in rural area. However, serious environmental problems appeared in the development process of rural tourism since rural tourism lacked effective and comprehensive super- vision. These environmental problems included environmental pollution and ecological damage. However, environmental legal system about rural tourism had many problems, such as the lagged legislation, the absence of law enforcement supervision, imperfect judicial system and weak law- abiding awareness. Therefore, it became the solution to solve environmental problems brought by rural tourism in China, and was also the safe- guard for promoting sustainable development of rural tourism in China to establish a sound legal system for rural tourism, implement strict law en- forcement supervision of rural tourism, build litigation system of environmental public interest and enhance law-abiding awareness of rural tourism. For legal defects of regulating rural tourism and its induced environmental problems in China, we tried to perfect regulation of environmental law for rural tourism in China.

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Weber Law Based Approach for Multi-Class Image Forgery Detection

Today’s forensic science introduces a new research area for digital image analysis formultimedia security.So,Image authentication issues have been raised due to the wide use of image manipulation software to obtain an illegitimate benefit or createmisleading publicity by using tempered images.Exiting forgery detectionmethods can classify only one of the most widely used Copy-Move and splicing forgeries.However,an image can contain one or more types of forgeries.This study has proposed a hybridmethod for classifying Copy-Move and splicing images using texture information of images in the spatial domain.Firstly,images are divided into equal blocks to get scale-invariant features.Weber law has been used for getting texture features,and finally,XGBOOST is used to classify both Copy-Move and splicing forgery.The proposed method classified three types of forgeries,i.e.,splicing,Copy-Move,and healthy.Benchmarked(CASIA 2.0,MICCF200)and RCMFD datasets are used for training and testing.On average,the proposed method achieved 97.3% accuracy on benchmarked datasets and 98.3% on RCMFD datasets by applying 10-fold cross-validation,which is far better than existing methods.

Coupling and coordination relationship of tourism inclusive green growth system:Evidence from Shandong Province

Sustainable growth is a prerequisite for high-quality development,and inclusive green growth is regarded as an important way to realize sustainable growth.This paper constructs a tourism inclusive green growth index(IGGI)system based on the 2018 Asian Development Bank IGGI.Using Shandong Province from 2017 to 2019,the entropy weight method is utilized to explore the degree of coupling and coordination among the subsystems of tourism inclusive green growth.The study shows that:(1)the tourism IGGI continues to grow;(2)in the tourism inclusive green growth system,the social equity subsystem shows a trend of steady improvement;and(3)in the system,there is a slight discordance between the economic growth subsystem and the environmental sustainability subsystem.The study aims to provide the scientific basis for the high-quality development of tourism and theoretical support for the field of tourism and environmental sustainability.

基于多尺度Laws纹理能量和低秩分解的织物疵点检测算法

为提高织物疵点检测算法对简单纹理织物、模式纹理织物及条纹纹理织物检测时的普适性和准确性,提出了一种基于多尺度Laws纹理能量和低秩分解的织物疵点检测算法。首先,对织物图像进行直方图均衡化并将处理后的图像均匀划分为子图像块;其次,对每个子图像块提取28个纹理能量特征(利用7个Laws滤波模板在4个尺度上提取),计算所有子图像块提取到的特征均值并组成特征矩阵;然后,利用特征矩阵构建低秩分解模型,通过方向交替方法(ADM)优化求解,得到低秩部分和稀疏部分;最后,由稀疏部分生成疵点显著图,采用迭代阈值分割法对其进行分割,得到织物疵点检测结果。为验证该算法的有效性,在织物图像数据集选取了包含错纬、断经、跳花、破洞等常见疵点的织物图像,并将实验结果与已有3种算法进行了对比。实验结果表明,该算法在简单纹理织物、模式纹理织物及条纹纹理织物检测上具有更好的普适性和准确性,且检测效率具有一定优势。

Scaling Laws Behind Penetrative Turbulence:History and Perspectives

An unstably stratified flow entering into a stably stratified flow is referred to as penetrative convection,which is crucial to many physical processes and has been thought of as a key factor for extreme weather conditions.Past theoretical,numerical,and experimental studies on penetrative convection are reviewed,along with field studies providing insights into turbulence modeling.The physical factors that initiate penetrative convection,including internal heat sources,nonlinear constitutive relationships,centrifugal forces and other complicated factors are summarized.Cutting-edge methods for understanding transport mechanisms and statistical properties of penetrative turbulence are also documented,e.g.,the variational approach and quasilinear approach,which derive scaling laws embedded in penetrative turbulence.Exploring these scaling laws in penetrative convection can improve our understanding of large-scale geophysical and astrophysical motions.To better the model of penetrative turbulence towards a practical situation,new directions,e.g.,penetrative convection in spheres,and radiation-forced convection,are proposed.

Closed-form guidance law for velocity maximization with impact angle constraint

Final velocity and impact angle are critical to missile guidance.Computationally efficient guidance law with compre-hensive consideration of the two performance merits is challeng-ing yet remains less addressed.Therefore,this paper seeks to solve a type of optimal control problem that maximizes final velocity subject to equality point constraint of impact angle con-straint.It is proved that the crude problem of maximizing final velocity is equivalent to minimizing a quadratic-form cost of cur-vature.The closed-form guidance law is henceforth derived using optimal control theory.The derived analytical guidance law coincides with the widely-used optimal guidance law with impact angle constraint(OGL-IAC)with a set of navigation parameters of two and six.On this basis,the optimal emission angle is determined to further increase the final velocity.The derived optimal value depends solely on the initial line-of-sight angle and impact angle constraint,and thus practical for real-world appli-cations.The proposed guidance law is validated by numerical simulation.The results show that the OGL-IAC is superior to the benchmark guidance laws both in terms of final velocity and missing distance.

Efficiency and sustainability of the tourism industry in Latin America

The tourism industry is economically very important.According to the World Travel Tourism Council,in 2019,the tourism industry accounted for a quarter of all new jobs created worldwide,10.3%of all jobs,and 9.6×1012 USD of the global gross domestic product.This study aimed to calculate the tourism efficiency index for different Latin American countries from 2010 to 2021 using data envelopment analysis,which analyzes the relationships between input variables(including the number of employees in the tourism industry and the number of hotel-type establishments)and output variables(including tourism expenditures in other countries and public social expenditures in recreation and culture per capita).Additionally,this study aimed to identify the countries with greater tourism development and the factors that may affect the development of the tourism industry through the stochastic frontier production function.The results of the tourism efficiency index for Central America(including Costa Rica,Dominica,El Salvador,Honduras,Mexico,and Panama)and South America(including Argentina,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,Paraguay,Peru,and Uruguay)exhibited different trends.However,after the global health crisis,the tourism industry recovered,showing new opportunities to promote sustainability.The results of the stochastic frontier production function demonstrated that countries with higher levels of inbound and outbound tourism,contribution of tourism to the economy,natural resources,and literacy rate exhibited more efficient tourism industry,whereas countries with higher pollution levels exhibited less efficient tourism industry.The findings of this study could allow us to formulate suitable public policies to promote tourism,maintain natural resources,and diversify these sectors with more inclusive programmes that can facilitate growth and benefit vulnerable communities.

Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results apply to all nonlinear scalar conservation laws and to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of two equations.

Triple reverse order law for the Drazin inverse

In this paper,we investigate the reverse order law for Drazin inverse of three bound-ed linear operators under some commutation relations.Moreover,the Drazin invertibility of sum is also obtained for two bounded linear operators and its expression is presented.

Literature overview of basic characteristics and flotation laws of flocs

Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future.

Dimension by Dimension Finite Volume HWENO Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy in the smooth region and obtain the high resolution solution when the discontinuity appears,and it is compact which will be good for giving the numerical boundary conditions.Furthermore,it avoids complicated least square procedure when we implement the genuine two dimensional(2D)finite volume HWENO reconstruction,and it can be regarded as a generalization of the one dimensional(1D)HWENO method.Extensive numerical tests are performed to verify the high resolution and high accuracy of the scheme.

Enhancing transboundary natural tourism resources governance:unveiling the spatial pattern and its influencing factors

Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensive database of transboundary natural tourism resources(TNTR)through amalgamation of diverse data sources.Utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi^(*),kernel density estimation,and geographical detectors,we scrutinize the spatial patterns of TNTR,focusing on both named and unnamed entities,while exploring the influencing factors.Our findings reveal 7883 identified TNTR in China,with mountain tourism resources emerging as the predominant type.Among provinces,Hunan boasts the highest count,while Shanghai exhibits the lowest.Southern China demonstrates a pronounced clustering trend in TNTR distribution,with the spatial arrangement of biological landscapes appearing more random compared to geological and water landscapes.Western China,characterized by intricate terrain,exhibits fewer TNTR,concurrently unveiling a significant presence of unnamed natural tourism resources.Crucially,administrative segmentation influences TNTR development,generating disparities in regional goals,developmental stages and intensities,and management approaches.In response to these variations,we advocate for strengthening the naming of the unnamed transboundary tourism resources,constructing a geographic database of TNTR for government and establishing a collaborative management mechanism based on TNTR database.Our research contributes to elucidating the intricate landscape of TNTR,offering insights for tailored governance strategies in the realm of cross-provincial tourism resource management.

Development of Rural Tourism Industry under the Background of New Rural Construction : A Case Study of Henghe of Boluo County in Huizhou City

Henghe Town in Boluo County of Huizhou is taken as the research object for analysis.The research and analysis on the tourism industry in Henghe Town of Boluo County are conducted,and the basic situation of rural tourism construction in Henghe Town is sorted out.The forms of tourism industry in Henghe Town and the problems in rural tourism development are identified,and some targeted suggestions and countermeasures are proposed.It hopes to provide ideas and references for the construction of beautiful rural areas in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province,and theoretical reference and practical significance for the development of rural tourism in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province.

Spatial Differentiation and Convergence Trend of High-quality Development Level of China’s Tourism Economy

This paper aims to interpret the connotation of high-quality development of tourism economy(HQTE)from the perspective of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,and then to evaluate the spatial differenti-ation of China’s HQTE based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018.Specifically,we employ the spatial convergence model to ex-plore the absolute and conditionalβconvergence trends of HQTE in the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions of China.Our empirical results reveal that:1)within the decade,from 2009 to 2018,regions of China with the highest HQTE index is its eastern region followed by the central region and then the western region,but the fastest growing one is the western region of China fol-lowed by the central region and then the eastern region.2)Whether or not the spatial effect is included,there are absolute and condition-alβconvergence in HQTE in the whole country and aforementioned three regions.3)The degree of government attention as well as the level of economic development and location accessibility are the positive driving factors for the convergence of HQTE in the whole country and the three regions.The degree of marketization and human capital have not passed the significance test either in the whole country or in the three regions.The above conclusions could deepen the understanding of the regional imbalance and spatial conver-gence characteristics of HQTE,clarify the primary development objects,and accomplish the goal of China’s HQTE.

Reflection on the Integrated Development of Marine Fisheries and Tourism Based on the Transformation of Fishery Facilities: A Case Study of Ningde City of Fujian Province, China

Based on the analysis on the current situation of marine fishery resources and development in Ningde City,this paper plans a spatial pattern for the integration of marine fishery and tourism of the“one belt,three zones,and multiple points”,designs key projects,analyzes the existing problems in the integrated development of fishery and tourism,and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

On the Use of Monotonicity-Preserving Interpolatory Techniques in Multilevel Schemes for Balance Laws

Cost-effective multilevel techniques for homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws are very successful in reducing the computational cost associated to high resolution shock capturing numerical schemes.Because they do not involve any special data structure,and do not induce savings in memory requirements,they are easily implemented on existing codes and are recommended for 1D and 2D simulations when intensive testing is required.The multilevel technique can also be applied to balance laws,but in this case,numerical errors may be induced by the technique.We present a series of numerical tests that point out that the use of monotonicity-preserving interpolatory techniques eliminates the numerical errors observed when using the usual 4-point centered Lagrange interpolation,and leads to a more robust multilevel code for balance laws,while maintaining the efficiency rates observed forhyperbolic conservation laws.

Research on Developing an Assessment Scale for Tourism Experience Elements of Ancient Shu Road Heritage Trail

Cultural ancient roads,known in Chinese as gudao,serve as heritage trails that carry historical exchanges across various regions in China.Due to their extensive preservation,wide geographical distribution,diverse thematic variations,and considerable tourist appeal,these paths have emerged as representative heritage trails,increasingly transforming into a novel tourism product experience that is highly favored by tourists and recognized by government authorities.However,research on ancient roads for tourism in China currently lacks a systematic theoretical framework,as well as relevant policies,regulations,and standards to guide their practical development.Therefore,there is a pressing need to draw upon international best practices and conduct foundational research to develop an experience element system that aligns with the perceptions,behaviors,and consumption characteristics of Chinese tourists,thereby advancing theoretical exploration in this field.This study focuses on the representative Ancient Shu Road as a case study and employs a mixed-method approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative research.It aims to construct a tourist-centric scale for the experience elements of ancient road tourism while analyzing the interactive relationship between these experience elements and tourist needs.This study addresses a significant gap in the development of indicator systems for domestic studies of ancient road tourism experiences.Ultimately,the study establishes a comprehensive scale that encompasses three core categories—trail resources and environment,facilities and services,and modes of tourism activities—along with eight primary dimensions:core resources,surrounding cultural environment,surrounding natural environment,tourism reception facilities and services,infrastructure and support services,information facilities and information services,and outdoor and recreational activities.This scale consists of thirty-two specific items,providing a robust reference for future research endeavors.Additionally,the study proposes specific development strategies related to key mechanisms,spatial configuration,and facility construction to enhance the overall development of ancient road tourism.