Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality of Centralized Drinking Water Sources in Kaixian County during the " Twelfth Five-year Plan " Period

Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, the changing rules of the water quality were studied to provide scientific references for the improvement of drinking water safety of urban and rural residents and drinking water quality. The re- sults show that the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in Kaixian County improved year by year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, and most monitoring sites with water quality exceeding the standard are distributed in reservoirs. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and permanganate index exceeded the standard obviously. Main pollution sources are domestic pollution and non-point source pol- lution caused by excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. To improve drinking water quality, it is suggested that some towns can get drinking water from other reservoirs, surface water or underground water with better quality instead of previous reservoirs with water quality exceeding the standard, and the control of non-point source pollution should be enhanced.

Prediction on Cold Chain Logistics Demand of Urban Residents in Jiangsu Province during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period——Based on Estimates of GM(1,1) Model

This paper takes the total yield of products that need refrigerated transport as the impact factors of transport aggregate of cold chain logistics,such as meat,aquatic products,quick-frozen noodle,fruits,vegetables,dairy,and medicine.Through selecting the consumption data of urban residents on transported products via cold chain in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2000 as sample,this paper establishes grey prediction model GM(1,1) of cold chain logistics demand and uses DPS7.05 software for test,to predict the cold chain logistics demand of urban residents in Jiangsu Province during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.The results show that in the period 2010-2015,the cold chain logistics demand of urban residents in Jiangsu Province is 1 151.589 1,1 185.136 6,1 219.661 3,1 255.191 8,1 291.757 3,1 329.388 1 t respectively;in the period 2005-2010,the cold chain logistics demand of urban residents in Jiangsu Province increases at annual growth rate of 3.9%;in the period 2011-2015,the growth rate declines to some extent,increasing slowly at rate of 2.9%.

Development Scenario of China Polyolefin Industry in 2009 and Its Prospect During Twelfth Five-year-plan Period

The development situation of the polyolefin industry during the first four years of the Elevemth Five-year-plan was reviewed.Domestic supply and demand of polyolefins at the period of the Twelfth Five-year-plan were analyzed and predicted.It was pointed out that production capacity of polyolefin in China will be increased significantly and market demand will keep a steady growth.Large-scale industrial equipment of polyolefin will be developed to meet the increasing demand.

Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃（100 yr）^（-1）; however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern： dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.

A Review of Development of Environmental Protection Information during the 12^(th) Five-Year Plan Period and Its Outlook

During the 12^(th)Five-Year Plan period,the environmental protection information work made remarkable achievements,and the construction of nationwide air quality monitoring network was completed; the trinitarian monitoring system was established,and environmental emergency command ability enhanced significantly. However,the issues of " information island" and " application silo" are still outstanding,and the application and promotion of new technologies make slow progress; the capacity of information system to support environmental protection business is insufficient,and there is no capacity for decision analysis. In the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period,it is needed to strengthen the application and promotion of new technologies such as cloud computing,big data,Internet of Things,and spatial information,mainly construct and improve " Cloud Computing Based Environmental Protection( CCBEP) ", " big data platform of ecological environment",and then realize the core objective of improving environmental quality.

Small Town Construction in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period: A Case Study of Shangrao City

The 12 th Five-Year Plan period was unusual five years in the development of China. Under the dual pressure of complex international environment and arduous domestic reform task,China made outstanding achievements in economic development,which lays a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period. The key and difficult points of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects lie in solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC stated that integrated urban and rural development is the fundamental approach for solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. As a transitional form from rural areas to urban areas,small town play an important role in integrated urban and rural development. In the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,China should take a new road of characteristic urbanization,energetically develop key towns,central towns,and characteristic towns,use points to drive areas,and promote coordinated progress of urbanization construction and new countryside construction. Focusing on the objective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and taking Shangrao City as an example,we analyzed construction of small town,in order to provide scientific theoretical reference for urbanization development,plan preparation,and policy formulation of Shangrao City.

海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化

天然橡胶的质量和性能与橡胶树品种、割胶生产、气象、物候等遗传和环境因素密切相关。为了探明橡胶树不同品种之间及4—12月全年割胶周期内生胶质量的差异与变化规律,本研究分析比较了PR107、RRIM600、热研917、热研73397和热研879等5个橡胶树品种胶乳所制备生胶的质量,并分析了各品种5月份胶乳所制备生胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明:5个橡胶树品种生胶的门尼黏度值、氮(蛋白质)含量、挥发物含量、P0和PRI值等在4—12月全年割胶周期内表现出增加或下降的趋势,这些质量指标既反映出橡胶树品种间的基因型差异,又表现出受气象等环境因素变化的影响。其中,4个品种12月生胶的蛋白质含量均超过3.0%;热研917混炼胶的硫化特性与其他4个品种有明显差异;在S/2 d/3割制下,热研879硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度最小。本研究结果一方面有助于指导橡胶树品种选育和割胶生产,另一方面也可以为高性能天然橡胶生产加工提供科技支撑。

“十四五”时期义乌市跨境电商发展的驱动机制研究

义乌是中国小商品进入全球商贸流通体系的第一枢纽,也是引领全国跨境电商新模式、新业态发展的前沿阵地。加快发展跨境电商是新时期义乌打造全球大众贸易双循环中心,高质量、高水平建成世界小商品之都,实现经济社会数字化转型的关键路径。本文通过回顾“十三五”时期义乌市跨境电商的发展历程,分析“十四五”时期义乌市跨境电商的发展趋势,评估当前义乌市跨境电商面临的问题和挑战,从而明确“十四五”时期义乌市跨境电商的总体要求和发展目标,制定“十四五”时期义乌市跨境电商的发展策略,以期为政府部门制定相关政策提供理论支撑与对策参考。

1990-2019年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疾病负担分析及未来10年发病预测

目的了解1990-2019年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病、患病、死亡情况及疾病负担情况,预测2020-2030年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病情况,为评估和制定慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关预防治疗政策和措施提供数据支持。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global burden of disease study,GBD),研究分析1990-2019年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病、患病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(DALY)、早死寿命损失年(YLL)、伤残寿命损失年(YLD)等情况。采用贝叶斯-时期-队列分析(BAPC)方法,预测2020-2030年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病率。结果相对于1990年,2019年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病粗患病率增长35.44%,标化患病率减少27.16%,粗发病率增长38.31%,标化发病率减少28.52%,粗死亡率减少30.59%,标化死亡率减少70.08%。1990-2019年中国人群因慢性阻塞性肺疾病导致的YLL率由3281.48/10万降至862.37/10万,YLD率由330.33/10万降至240.40/10万,DALY率由3611.81/10万降至1102.77/10万。2019年男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病DALY率相比于1990年降低66.56%,女性DALY率相比于1990年降低71.87%。2020-2030年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病标化发病率预计呈下降趋势,2030年男性标化发病率预计比2020年降低31.97%,女性标化发病率预计比2020年降低27.69%。结论1990-2019年,慢性阻塞性肺疾病对中国人口造成的疾病负担总体呈下降趋势。但从患病情况和死亡情况来看,发病及死亡人数较多,中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疾病负担仍处于较高水平。同时预测结果显示,未来10年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病标化发病率在下降,但是仍处于较高水平,因此进行早筛查、早预防和早治疗,及广泛开展慢阻肺相关知识普及,对于做好COPD疾病管理具有重要意义。

An Analysis of China's Overall Price Trend During the 12th Five-year Plan Period and Suggestions

In this paper,the author first summarizes China’s price operation situation and characteristics since the 1990s,and thenanalyzes inflation shaping factors and types.Based on that,the author raises six inflation early-warning indexes andfully dissects influencing factors of the overall price trend and inflation risks during the 12th Five-year Plan period.Afterthat,the author explains some aspects of price fluctuation that warrants attention during the 12th Five-year Plan period.Finally,the author puts forward policies and suggestions for stabilizing the overall price during the transformation of theeconomic development mode based on our actual situation.

“十七年”时期中央文学研究所对文学新人的培养

“十七年”时期,中央文学研究所开启社会主义文学新人培养工程,培养新中国文学的新生力量。办学模式方面,侧重“小而精”的培训,招生计划、教学安排、师资队伍配备等体现了培养工农文学新人的诸多努力与创新。办学理念方面,既自由活泼,鼓励讨论争鸣;又严肃紧张,突出政治规训。办学质量评价方面,尽管人们常常诟病中央文学研究所培养的大作家和创作的名作品少,但综合考量其办学目标定位、生源质量与培养成效,大体实现了办学初衷,且对20世纪50—70年代乃至新时期初始作家队伍建设和文学生态建构都发挥了重要作用。

松材线虫潜育期延长导致红松越年枯死

【目的】探究红松越年枯死的病理学过程和产生原因,以期为有效除治无松材线虫病症状的携带者松树提供理论依据。【方法】统计抚顺市大伙房实验林场自然侵染红松越年枯死比例,观测自然侵染和人工接种红松病症病状,测定红松当年显症的松材线虫数量阈值。实验室内不同温度下测定松材线虫虫口增长情况,以及媒介昆虫羽化后适宜松材线虫虫口有效增长的时期(虫口增长期),计算从寄生关系的建立到症状开始出现的时间(潜育期),并揭示红松感染松材线虫后越年枯死的原因。【结果】截至6月,自然侵染红松的越年枯死比例为41.4%。观测的自然侵染和低剂量人工接种红松在被侵染或接种当年均未出现显著外部、内部症状变化,而是到翌年松脂分泌停止,树干水分低,针叶变红褐色,只有进行高剂量饱和接种才出现当年半数显症。病症表现为松材线虫能够正常侵染红松,可有效繁殖但在低温时繁殖受阻,可成功越冬但越冬后虫口数量骤减。红松显症的全株阈值St1=(163±22)条·g^(-1),局部阈值St2=(621±20)条·g^(-1)。以每株50000条的接种量接种38年生红松,在当年虫口增长期内全株松材线虫数量仅为(90±8)条·g^(-1),低于St1、局部松材线虫数量最高为(350±18)条·g^(-1),也低于St2。抚顺的虫口增长期(141天)比大连(154天)和南京(173天)短。经计算,抚顺市松材线虫的潜育期为146天,长于虫口增长期。【结论】云杉花墨天牛携带的松材线虫数量相对较低,导致初始侵染量低。松材线虫生命周期受温度特性的影响,表现为非增长期长、虫口增长期短,最终导致在虫口增长期内未能达到红松显症的松材线虫数量阈值。这些综合作用导致松材线虫潜育期延长,其中41.4%的死亡红松表现出越年枯死现象。

有效推动新时代食用菌产业的高质量发展

2022年12月8日,《易门县“十四五”食用菌产业发展规划(2021-2025年)》正式发布。本文中对《规划》颁布的背景和原因进行了简述,并从产业发展环境、总体思路、发展目标、产业空间及结构布局、重点任务、保障措施等方面对其内容进行解读与特点分析,以期为推动新时代食用菌产业高质量发展提供参考。

大沽河极端气候指数特征及其对地下水的影响

掌握极端气候变化特征是地下水资源管理的重要环节。为了探究极端气候对地下水资源的影响,以大沽河水源地为例,基于40余年的气象数据,选取14个代表性的极端气候指标,并采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall突变检验、小波分析等方法分析了研究区气候变化的趋势性、突变性和周期性;基于极端气候指数和水文频率分析筛选了研究区代表性的极端气候年份,运用水均衡分析方法估算了极端气候年份条件下地下水平衡;并通过相关性和周期性分析评估了极端气候指数对地下水水位埋深的影响。结果表明:(1)1979-2021年,研究区内表征高温与降水的极端气候指数呈上升趋势,表征低温的极端气候指数总体呈下降趋势;极端丰水年代表性年份为2007年和2020年,极端枯水年代表性年份为1981年和1986年。(2)极端气候指数在20世纪90年代与21世纪初期发生突变,之后高温趋势更加显著。(3)极端降水指数第一周期对应的平均周期为11~16 a,极端气温指数第一主周期对应的平均周期主要有3个变化范围分别为20~24 a、12~14 a、5~6 a。(4)极端降水指数抑制地下水水位埋深的增加,极端降水量(R95p)和普通日降水强度(SDII)是影响大沽河水源地地下水水位埋深的主要降水指数;水位埋深的第一主周期对应的周期分别为13~15 a,与极端降水指数周期特征基本一致,意味着水位埋深受极端降水指数的影响较显著。(5)在极端丰水年(2007年),地下水总补给量约为319.4mm,总排泄量约为204.8 mm,均衡差约为114.6 mm;在极端枯水年(1981年),地下水总补给量约为104.2 mm,总排泄量约为141.1 mm,均衡差约为-36.9 mm。

黄河百年径流系列连续枯水段识别和用水特征分析

连续枯水给黄河流域水资源安全造成了严重威胁。采用黄河干流兰州断面和花园口断面1920—2019水文年系列,通过距平法和标准化径流指数识别了百年系列连续枯水段,分析了枯水段的用水特征。结果显示:两断面均经历了1922—1932水文年和1990—2002水文年连续枯水段,均表现出连续枯水段和极端枯水年叠加的特征;1990—2002水文年连续枯水显著减少了入海水量;在1990—2002水文年连续枯水段初期,枯水对黄河流域及供水区用水量影响不明显,但在后期用水总量及农业用水量均大幅度减少;1990—2002水文年连续枯水段后期遭遇短期极端枯水对用水造成重大影响;龙羊峡水库在连续枯水段发挥了多年调节作用,支撑了流域供水安全。但是龙羊峡水库年际补水能力有限,未来在国家水网建设背景下,应通过建设古贤水库和跨流域调水工程提升应对连续枯水的流域水资源安全保障能力。

“十七年”时期河南电影放映员的职业困境与身份认同

新中国“十七年”时期是河南电影放映员队伍建立和成熟的时期,其发展并不是一蹴而就,而是随着种种问题的出现和解决一步步完善起来的。放映员在工作中既面临上级规定的任务,又面对地方实践的难题,在工作中他们产生过身份认同的迷茫。他们的身份认同是在国家意志与自身职业诉求的张力中共同塑造的,体现了基层文化工作者对国家意志的应对与调适。探究这一时期放映员群体在工作实践中的职业困境与身份认同,可以展现出“小人物”在国家意识形态延伸过程中的复杂历程。

炎陵县“十三五”期间地表水水质评价及变化趋势分析

炎陵县是洣水的发源地,对该县域内的地表水水质进行评价,并对其变化趋势进行分析,可为环境管理及河道治理提供有力的技术支撑。分析结果表明:炎陵县“十三五”期间,太和断面主要水质指标高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、氨氮、总磷等均呈下降趋势,综合水质指数呈显著下降趋势,说明5年来太和断面水质呈显著好转趋势;晏公潭断面主要水质指标高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷等均呈下降趋势,综合水质指数呈不显著下降趋势,说明5年来晏公潭断面水质呈好转趋势,但不显著。

长春市“无废城市”建设实施方案编制探讨

“无废城市”建设是推动减污降碳协同增效的重要举措,也是实现美丽中国建设目标的内在要求。长春市的固体废物种类较多、产生量较大,是生态环境部确定的“十四五”时期建设的“无废城市”之一。科学编制并实施“无废城市”建设方案,有利于加快推进固体废物减量化、资源化和无害化。基于物质流分析等方法,深入分析长春市固体废物的现状及存在的关键问题;综合问题导向和目标导向,构建“无废城市”建设三级指标体系,建立废物—责任—任务—项目“四项清单”,明确长春市“无废城市”建设路径。