Establishment and application of drilling sealing model in the spherical grouting mode based on the loosing-circle theory

There are quite a few studies that have been done on borehole sealing theory both domestically and internationally.The existing researches usually consider drilling of the surroundings as a dense homogeneous elastic body which does not meet the characteristics of real drilling of the fractured body.Based on the loosing-circle theory and analyses of the surrounding rock stress field,cracks and seepage fields,combined with Newtonian fluid spherical grouting model,we deduced the dynamic relationship between the seepage coefficient and rock or grouting parameters of the drilling sealing fluid mode of spherical fissure grouting.In this experiment,mucus was injected in the simulated coal seam and the permeability coefficient of the sealing body was calculated by using the model.To verify the validity of the model,the calculated sealing body number was compared with the extreme negative pressure that the sealing body could withstand.The theoretical model revealed the drilling sealing fluid mechanism,provided a method for the quantitative calculation of the drilling sealing fluid effect by grouting mode and a reference for the subsequent research of sealing mechanism.

Propagation and sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in a two-dimensional fracture network with flowing water

In this study, an orthogonal array experiment is conducted by using a transparent fracture network replica. Image processing and theoretical analysis are performed to investigate the model sealing efficiency(SE), factors influencing SE, and the effect of flowing water on propagation. The results show that grout propagation can be classified into three patterns in the fracture network: sealing off, partial sealing,and major erosion. The factors controlling the SE in a descending order of the amount of influence are the initial water flow speed, fracture aperture, grout take, and gel time. An optimal value for the combination of the gel time and grout take(artificial factors) can result in a good SE. The grouting and seepage pressures are measured, and the results reveal that their variations can indicate the SE to some extent. The SE is good when the seepage pressure at each point increases overall;the frequent fluctuations in the seepage pressure indicate a moderately poor SE, and an overall decline in the seepage pressure indicates a major erosion type. The deflection effect of grouting shows an approximately elliptical propagation with the long axis expanding along the wider fracture opening, demonstrating further application in grouting design.

Theoretical and experimental study on the rheological properties of WIS grout and the dispersion and sealing mechanism

Recently a new grout material called water inflow sealing(WIS) was invented for sealing water inflow in tunneling and underground constructions. In this study, a special experimental method called intubated counter grouting(ICG) was proposed to investigate the influence of water dispersion on the rheological properties of the grout during the grouting process, and to testify the sealing performance of the grout,such as instant gelling ability(IGA) and anti-dispersion ability(ADA). In the experiment, dispersion was restricted in the downstream of the channel with a high turbulence intensity. The influences of ADA and IGA were therefore decoupled and evaluated separately. Experimental results revealed two distinctive sealing mechanisms of WIS. For a low initial velocity of water, WIS turned the shear flow of water into an overall movement of a plug by absorbing water into the particles. For a high initial velocity and the situation that the particles reached the outlet before sufficiently expanding, WIS modified the rheology of the water in the channel and reduced its velocity till the static state. The distinctive feature of WIS brings a reformation on the sealing mechanism and provides an effective way to control water inflow with high pressure and velocity.

A wireless-communication-based measurement of gas pressure with capsule-slime sealing device

To solve the existing problems of imperfect sealing and the inaccurate measurement of gas pressure in traditional sealing,the present study builds a new model of capsule-slime sealing device based on wireless pressure gauge.The new sealing device is mainly composed of two sets of capsules,a capsule connecting piece and a slime part,measures the pressure through the wireless communication technology,and seals through chemical reaction in the capsule,which generates gas to expand the capsule and extrude the pre-stored slime.Two methods of extruding pre-stored slime are proposed:in the first method,transverse force is generated by the expansion of the capsules at both ends,pushing the capsules toward the middle through the chute and squeezing the pre-stored slime out;in the second,high-pressure gas generated in the capsules is led into the expansion tube,which is inserted into the storage tube,squeezing it and letting the slime out to complete the sealing process.Then the research studies the effect of sealing under the condition of drilling with the structure of slime storage tube.The results indicate that the maximum standing time of slime wrapped in metal net is 2 h,instead of the expected 10 d,failing to meet the sealing requirements.When the slime viscosity is 1200–3000 m Paás in the structure of slime storage tube,the best viscosity of slime is achieved and can simulate sealing the drilling hole(5–4,4–2.36,2.36–1.18,1.18–0.15 mm in diameter),as well as the gap caused by mixed sand accumulation.

Effects of Sealing Flow Supply Configuration with Holes on Sealing Effectiveness of Turbine Rim Seal

This paper proposes a new-designed rim seal configuration with sealing holes based on the conventional radial rim seal,and presents a numerical comparison of the sealing performance between the conventional sealing flow supply configuration and the new sealing flow supply configuration with holes at different sealing flow rates.The sealing effectiveness and unsteady flow yields at the rim seal are numerically simulated by using the URANS method and SST turbulent model from ANSYS CFX.The influence of the new sealing flow supply configuration on the sealing effectiveness at different sealing flow rates is determined.The effectiveness of different sealing flow rates in the conventional rim seal is also studied.As to the conventional rim seal,the increase in the sealing flow rate reduces the degree of gas ingestion induced by the effect of mainstream ingress at the rim clearance,while the unsteady flow characteristics are enhanced,and the number and amplitude of the low-frequency signals increase.The position of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities vortex structures is left by the increased sealing flow rate,and its strength is suppressed.Compared with the conventional rim seal configuration,the new sealing flow supply configuration with holes could reduce the sealing efficiency by 5.06%at most at sealing flow distribution m_(1):m_(2)=3:1 when Cw=2000,and improve the sealing efficiency by 11.71%at most at sealing flow distribution m_(1):m_(2)=1:1 when Cw=7500.It shows that the lateral jet from the holes induces a larger-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structure at Cw=2000,thus the sealing efficiency in the wheel space is also reduced.However,the size of the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures is significantly suppressed by the new sealing flow supply configuration at Cw=7500,which is beneficial to improving the sealing effectiveness of the conventional rim seal.

Experimental Studies on Penetration of Pulverized Clay-Based Grout

For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone （EDZ） having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will be one of the potential pathways for radioactive contaminant transport. The potential pathways will be sealed by closure components, that is, a combination of tunnel plug, backfill and grout, the latter material being a clay-based mixture in consideration of the need for long-term stability of the seals. Clay-based grout is one of the effective candidate materials that can be used to interrupt the migration of radionuclides through an EDZ. Laboratory testing of clay-based grout using pulverized bentonite, with the objective of improvement in grout penetration into a rockmass, was conducted. The results showed that the pulverization of clay-based grout had a positive effect on filtration.

佳县南区致密气小井眼优快钻井关键技术

为进一步提高佳县南区区块钻井效率、降低钻井成本,开展了小井眼二开一趟钻优快钻井技术研究。以提高佳县南区小井眼二开一趟钻比例为导向,基于佳县南区地层特征,分析了小井眼钻井难点及技术需求,在此基础上进行了井眼轨道精细设计以及钻头、钻具组合与钻井参数等方面的优化研究,优化构建了防塌承压钻井液体系及复合堵漏技术,形成了适合该区块的小井眼优快钻井关键技术,并在75口井进行了应用。研究结果表明:应用井二开一趟钻比例由13.4%提高至62.7%,机械钻速提高至23.4 m/h,完井周期降至17.65 d,单井漏失量明显降低。研究结果可为小井眼优快钻井持续提速降本提供技术支撑。

SAP联合双液浆对软土地区隧道漏水漏砂封堵效果试验研究

在高承压水软土地区盾构隧道修建过程中经常出现漏水漏砂险情,注浆封堵是常用的抢险方法之一。而在承压水层或者地层出现空腔情况下注浆时,传统的双液浆在注入后抗冲刷能力差,浆液留存率较低,严重影响抢险效率,难以在抢险的黄金时期控制住险情。因此,提出一种隧道漏水漏砂抢险的新型注浆方式,即高分子吸水树脂(SAP)与双液浆联合注浆,并通过室内模型试验研究了此方法的有效性,分析SAP注入方式、SAP种类、双液浆水灰比、渗漏流速等对注浆封堵效果的影响,并探究最优的注浆方式与封堵机理。研究结果表明,SAP吸水后,颗粒大、动水留存率高、吸水速度不受温度影响,能够填充地层侵蚀空腔,封堵渗漏或者减小渗漏水流速。本文试验条件下,以水泥浆液为载体注入SAP为最优注入方式,水灰比0.6的水泥浆液与吸水后的B类SAP均匀混合后,与水玻璃进行双液注浆,能避免跑浆,实现地层空腔与渗漏水的完全封堵。本文提出的新型注浆方式能够大幅增加双液浆的动水留存率,同时弥补SAP强度较低的缺陷,保证注浆体的整体性和地层支撑性,实现基坑与隧道等地下工程漏水漏砂灾害的快速有效控制。

基于帷幕注浆理论的瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔技术研究及应用

瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔效果直接决定了矿井瓦斯治理效果,是高瓦斯突出矿井安全生产的重要保障。为解决主焦煤矿2301工作面瓦斯抽采底板巷围岩裂隙发育、钻孔封孔难题,基于矿井防治水经验提出瓦斯抽采钻孔帷幕注浆封孔技术。首先通过数值模拟和钻孔窥视法确定了2301工作面底板巷松动圈范围为0.8~1.7 m。然后根据矿井注浆扩散半径设计施工帷幕注浆钻孔,利用巷道围岩帷幕注浆技术提高瓦斯抽采钻孔的封孔效果。经过现场应用取得了良好效果,71.1%的瓦斯抽采浓度较原抽采浓度得到大幅提高,对类似地质条件的瓦斯抽采岩巷钻孔封孔具有很好的指导意义。

止浆塞外塞胶料的设计及优化

设计一种新型具有密封和排气功能的止浆塞,采用有限元方法对止浆塞的实际工作状态进行数值模拟分析,对外塞胶料进行优化。结果表明:随着止浆塞外塞胶料的硬度的减小,止浆塞的密封性能提高;综合考虑密封性能和成本,确定止浆塞外塞采用邵尔A型硬度为40度的天然橡胶胶料。

盾构隧道管片接缝内外双道密封垫防水性能试验研究

为探究螺栓孔防水对内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的影响,依托某超大直径盾构隧道工程,自主设计新型双道密封垫防水性能测试装置,开展考虑螺栓孔构造的内外双道密封垫防水体系耐水压测试。研究结果表明:1)螺栓孔对内外双侧布置双道密封垫的整体防水性能具有一定的控制作用,当螺栓孔防水能力不足时,其存在将成为内外双道密封垫防水体系的薄弱环节,可能早于内道密封垫发生渗漏,由此降低内外双道密封垫防水性能较单道密封垫的提升水平;2)当螺栓孔防水性能达到要求后,与单道密封垫相比,内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的防水能力大幅提升;3)对于超大直径盾构隧道,当管片接缝采用内外双侧布置双道密封垫时,应确保螺栓孔防水性能满足双道密封垫间的协同防水要求。

被动式封隔器的国产化研发

通过对被动式封隔器结构组成、工作原理和主要功能的研究,提出国产化研发方案。对被动式封隔器的主要部件进行力学性能理论分析和仿真模拟,并针对被动式封隔器在实际运行中存在的问题进行优化设计。改进后的国产被动式封隔器顺利通过多项原型试验,并获得法国船级社(BV)审查认证。试验结果表明,国产化研发的被动式封隔器各项性能均达到设计和使用要求。被动式封隔器的成功研制及其国产化为有效降低工程项目成本、提高行业核心竞争力打下坚实基础。

低渗煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔注浆封堵技术研究

为解决低渗煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔质量差,导致的瓦斯抽采效率降低等问题,提出适用于低渗煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔的封孔材料及注浆压力的研究。通过对瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔参数的确定,选取合适的注浆材料配比,并采用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟封孔压力参数对注浆效果的影响。得到封孔注浆材料封孔水泥浆液配比为1:2;注浆压力应介于1.2~1.8 MPa。经现场跟踪和抽采效果分析,在注浆压力为1.8 MPa时,在孟津煤矿12070底抽巷试验了8个钻孔,发现采用所提出的注浆材料配比和注浆压力能够产生很好封孔效果,瓦斯抽采浓度有明显提升。

开窗侧钻对钻柱螺纹应力与密封性能的影响分析

为分析开窗侧钻过程对钻柱螺纹接头强度与密封性能的影响,考虑螺纹在倒划眼和开窗侧钻时的工作状态,建立了钻柱螺纹接头三维有限元模型,分析了复杂载荷下螺纹接头应力和接触压力的分布规律,研究了不同材料和不同公差配合下螺纹接头的应力和密封性能,并与文献计算结果进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究表明:开窗侧钻时,螺纹接头受到的弯矩最大,主副台肩拉伸侧密封性能只有压缩侧的52.0%;倒划眼作业时,井口处钻柱受到的轴向载荷最大,外螺纹前两圈齿根应力超过屈服强度,存在断裂风险,主台肩面脱离、螺纹接头密封失效;随着材料弹性模量降低,螺纹接头在开窗侧钻时承受的弯矩减小,当材料弹性模量降至50.0%时,螺纹最大应力减小了17.0%,最小接触压力减小了19.6%;在极限公差下,螺纹接头主要由副台肩承受接触压力转变为主要由主台肩承受接触压力,副台肩应力得到改善,但密封性能完全失效。根据开窗侧钻过程中螺纹结构应力状态的研究结果,可通过改变螺纹材料和公差配合提高钻柱接头的安全性与密封性。

基于视觉算法的射孔弹传爆孔封口片自动封贴装置的应用与研究

视觉检测对实现自动化贴标提供了重要的关键信息,基于高斯滤波、高斯拉普拉斯(LOG)边界识别及圆的定位算法,识别了射孔弹弹壳压环孔圆,获得了压环孔的圆心位置。通过压环孔圆心位置(x,y)坐标计算射孔弹起爆槽偏移角度,将导爆索槽的角度及中心圆孔位置信息传送到PLC,控制伺服电机,完成导爆索槽封口片的自动化封贴。

膨润土基矿物材料特性与煤矿典型灾害治理(Ⅱ):工程应用实践

为了探索膨润土基系列治灾材料在不同煤矿灾害场景下的应用效果,改性研究实现全周期触变封堵新生裂隙的瓦斯钻孔液相封堵材料,高保水、强隔氧的复合纳基膨润土类防灭火材料,高潮湿环境下分散性好且不易结块的抗团聚-结壳粉体抑爆材料,导热系数低、吸附性强、回弹量小的深井巷道隔热层材料和多孔性增强的改进型吸附井下有毒害气体净化材料,并进行工程应用实践。结果表明:膨润土基改性材料具有良好的治灾效果,在煤矿灾害治理中取得较为突出的应用价值。

微弧氧化处理对6061铝合金电偶腐蚀防护

目的提高船舶上铝合金的耐蚀性能。方法使用双极性脉冲电源对6061铝合金进行微弧氧化处理,并使用环氧树脂进行封孔,通过电化学测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、浸泡腐蚀试验和电偶腐蚀试验等方法,对膜层的表面形貌、截面形貌、物相组成和耐蚀性能进行测试。结果制备的6061铝合金微弧氧化膜层厚度约为40μm,致密均匀。在240h浸泡试验后,仍具有较强的耐蚀性,与316L不锈钢耦合的电流密度从约47μA/cm^(2)下降到20μA/cm^(2)左右,对6061铝合金的耐蚀性有显著提升。封孔处理后,浸泡腐蚀240h,未发现明显腐蚀,电偶电流进一步下降到11μA/cm^(2)。结论对6061铝合金进行微弧氧化处理,可以有效提高其耐蚀性能,对电偶腐蚀有较好的抑制作用,封孔处理则可以进一步提高铝合金的耐蚀性能。

注浆压力对顺层抽采钻孔封孔质量影响研究

为研究不同注浆压力下各顺层钻孔的封孔质量,以轩岗煤电有限责任公司刘家梁煤矿2214工作面为试验对象,根据矿井煤层实际赋存情况,采用COMSOL数值模拟软件,模拟不同注浆压力下浆液在煤层中的扩散范围,数值模拟结果表明,在1~4 MPa注浆压力范围内,浆液在煤层中的扩散半径与其注浆压力的大小成正相关关系,而浆液扩散半径的增加幅度随注浆压力的增加呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势。同时在钻孔始封深度、封孔长度等封孔参数一定的情况下,按照1、2、3和4 MPa四个等级进行现场顺层钻孔封孔试验,并利用漏气率对各抽采钻孔的封孔质量进行评价和对比,现场试验表明,采用1 MPa和2 MPa注浆压力的顺层钻孔分别有4个和2个钻孔出现漏气,其平均漏气率分别为32.76%和28.65%,而采用3 MPa和4 MPa注浆压力的钻孔均未出现漏气现象。综合数值模拟及现场试验结果表明,该工作面顺层钻孔封孔时其注浆压力应不小于3 MPa。

孔的排布方式对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力学性能影响研究

为揭示孔的排布方式对孔型阻尼密封性能的影响规律以及探究最佳排布方式,基于多频椭圆轨迹涡动模型非定常计算流体力学摄动数值方法,研究了不同孔径、孔排布方式下孔型阻尼密封的泄漏特性和动力学性能。采用孔型阻尼密封试件试验数据,验证了数值方法的可靠性和准确性,通过计算分析了不同孔径(3.175、12.268 mm)、孔排布方式(轴向顺排、周向顺排)、进口预旋(0、0.5)对孔型阻尼密封的泄漏量、动力特性系数和腔室动态压力的影响规律。数值结果表明:大孔径孔型阻尼密封动力学性能较优,具有较高的有效阻尼和较低的穿越频率,但封严性能较差,对应的泄漏量增加了6%~10%;小孔径孔型阻尼密封的泄漏特性和动力学性能对孔的排布方式不敏感,泄漏量偏差小于0.5%,动力特性系数偏差小于7%;对于大孔径孔型阻尼密封,采用周向顺排的方式可获得更好的封严性能以及更优的动力学性能,泄漏量可降低4%,有效阻尼的穿越频率也得到显著减小。该研究可为孔型阻尼密封的设计提供参考。

煤矿井下三段式自动封孔器结构设计

针对传统封孔器自动化程度低和现有自动封孔器安全性低、封孔器下放与注料不连续等问题,分析了自动封孔器的功能需求与安全需求,提出三段式自动封孔器方案。设计了封孔器同轴接扣机构、钻孔封堵机构、自动注料流道和动密封机构等关键机构。制作样机并开展了室内封孔实验。实验显示,钻孔封堵机构可自动封堵模拟钻孔,封孔料可自动注入模拟钻孔中完成封孔,三段式自动封孔器方案合理,具有可行性。