Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull chara...Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull characteristics(elevation and discharge); however, studies on long-term reach-scale bankfull discharge are still limited. In this study, a hydraulic model is built to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge, and the effects of reservoir building on downstream bankfull discharges are discussed. The studied river reach is located at the lower Wei River(WR), where the planned Dongzhuang Reservoir would be built on its largest tributary, the Jing River. A quasi-two-dimensional numerical model coupled with a bankfull discharge estimating method is put forward to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge. The soundness of the model is verified. Results show that the temporal variation of reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower reach of the WR would be highly influenced by the planned reservoir, especially during the first 20 years of operation. The effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge may reach its maximum when the total trapped sediment load reaches approximately 75% of the reservoir capacity. Our results show that after the first 17 years of operation,the effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge of the river reach may decrease gradually.The soundness and predictive capability of the coupled model have also been calibrated by comparing with existing reservoirs. All analyses indicate that the numerical model can be used to predict the changed reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower WR.展开更多
Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood...Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.展开更多
传统公交专用道动态控制方法无法同时保证公交优先和车道利用率的提升,为解决该问题,本文提出车联网支持下公交专用道复用的动态清空控制方法(Dynamic Clearance Bus Lane,DCBL),建立随网联公交行驶车速和网联社会车辆换道时间动态变化...传统公交专用道动态控制方法无法同时保证公交优先和车道利用率的提升,为解决该问题,本文提出车联网支持下公交专用道复用的动态清空控制方法(Dynamic Clearance Bus Lane,DCBL),建立随网联公交行驶车速和网联社会车辆换道时间动态变化的清空框模型,同时定义换道迫切系数,结合模糊控制理论,设计考虑驾驶员换道心理的换道概率输出算法,以模拟驾驶员实际换道过程,最后通过数值仿真以验证DCBL控制方法的有效性。仿真实验结果表明:DCBL控制方法将适用的交通密度范围扩大至0~71 pcu·km^(-1),比传统的BLIP(Bus Lane with Intermittent priority)、IBL(Intermittent Bus Lane)控制方法适用范围增加了9~21 pcu·km^(-1);在40~70 pcu·km^(-1)的中高交通密度区间,DCBL控制方法将社会车辆平均车速保持在45.86 km·h^(-1),比传统控制方法提高了17.9%~24.7%,将公交平均车速保持在33.68 km·h^(-1),对比公交期望车速仅降低了6.4%;DCBL控制方法在路段中高密度区间对公交车的行驶延误小于25 s,比传统控制方法提高路段通行能力8.0%~18.3%。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.2011CB403305,51579230,51109198,41571005,and 51479179)
文摘Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull characteristics(elevation and discharge); however, studies on long-term reach-scale bankfull discharge are still limited. In this study, a hydraulic model is built to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge, and the effects of reservoir building on downstream bankfull discharges are discussed. The studied river reach is located at the lower Wei River(WR), where the planned Dongzhuang Reservoir would be built on its largest tributary, the Jing River. A quasi-two-dimensional numerical model coupled with a bankfull discharge estimating method is put forward to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge. The soundness of the model is verified. Results show that the temporal variation of reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower reach of the WR would be highly influenced by the planned reservoir, especially during the first 20 years of operation. The effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge may reach its maximum when the total trapped sediment load reaches approximately 75% of the reservoir capacity. Our results show that after the first 17 years of operation,the effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge of the river reach may decrease gradually.The soundness and predictive capability of the coupled model have also been calibrated by comparing with existing reservoirs. All analyses indicate that the numerical model can be used to predict the changed reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower WR.
基金Supported by the Major Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2012-ZD-13)Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2014k13-09)
文摘Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.
文摘传统公交专用道动态控制方法无法同时保证公交优先和车道利用率的提升,为解决该问题,本文提出车联网支持下公交专用道复用的动态清空控制方法(Dynamic Clearance Bus Lane,DCBL),建立随网联公交行驶车速和网联社会车辆换道时间动态变化的清空框模型,同时定义换道迫切系数,结合模糊控制理论,设计考虑驾驶员换道心理的换道概率输出算法,以模拟驾驶员实际换道过程,最后通过数值仿真以验证DCBL控制方法的有效性。仿真实验结果表明:DCBL控制方法将适用的交通密度范围扩大至0~71 pcu·km^(-1),比传统的BLIP(Bus Lane with Intermittent priority)、IBL(Intermittent Bus Lane)控制方法适用范围增加了9~21 pcu·km^(-1);在40~70 pcu·km^(-1)的中高交通密度区间,DCBL控制方法将社会车辆平均车速保持在45.86 km·h^(-1),比传统控制方法提高了17.9%~24.7%,将公交平均车速保持在33.68 km·h^(-1),对比公交期望车速仅降低了6.4%;DCBL控制方法在路段中高密度区间对公交车的行驶延误小于25 s,比传统控制方法提高路段通行能力8.0%~18.3%。
