Fuji Ⅸ型玻璃离子水门汀材料修复老年人根面龋的临床观察

目的:评价Fuji Ⅸ型玻璃离子水门汀材料在老年人根面龋修复治疗的临床疗效。方法:选择60～75岁患者123例,患牙数共145颗,随机分为3组。甲组:用Fuji Ⅸ型玻璃离子水门汀充填修复,乙组用光固化复合树脂充填修复,丙组用银汞合金材料修复,修复后随访1年,观察治疗效果。结果:术后12个月随访评价充填治疗效果,甲组成功率91.8%,乙组成功率77.1%,丙组成功率75%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Fuji Ⅸ型玻璃离子水门汀材料修复老年人根面龋,操作方便、可靠,色泽美观,有较好的临床应用价值。

Super bond C&B,Fuji Ⅱ,MTA粘结离体牙纵裂牙根的力学研究

目的:比较Super bond C&B,Fuji Ⅱ,MTA三种材料粘结离体单根管前牙纵裂牙根的粘结强度。方法:选取离体单根管前牙75颗制备成纵裂牙根模型后按数字随机表分成6组。1～3为压力组(每组15颗牙):1组,MTA充填裂缝;2组,Super bond C&B充填裂缝;3组,则用Fuji Ⅱ行裂缝充填。4～6为拉力组(每组10颗牙):4组,MTA充填裂缝;5组,Super C&B充填裂缝;6组,则用Fuji Ⅱ行裂缝充填。用万能力学测试机测定各试件数值,用SPSS 10.0软件包对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:压力测试显示:Superbond C&B充填纵裂牙根,其抗压能力明显高于MTA组和FujiⅡ组,而后两组之间无明显差异;拉力测试表明:MTA组抗拉能力最差,Fuji Ⅱ组明显高于MTA组但明显低于Super bondC&B组。结论:Super bond C&B粘结离体纵裂牙根的强度最强,抗压和抗拉能力优于FujiⅡ和MTA。

GC Fuji Ⅶ PINK玻璃离子应用于年轻恒磨牙预防性充填疗效评价

目的：用自身对照法研究GcFujiVIIPINK玻璃离子体应用于年轻恒磨牙窝沟龋预防性充填治疗的疗效。方法：随机选择2009年3月～2011年3月门诊就诊的56例7～14岁患儿。实验组：97颗矛争面窝沟龋在磨除龋坏牙体组织后应用GCFujiVIIPINK玻璃离子体对龋坏部位和未龋坏窝沟区域进行预防性充填。对照组：94颗矛各面窝沟龋则采用后牙复合树脂与流体树脂联用行预防性充填，评价两组1年、2年的保留成功率。同时分别统计两组每牙椅旁操作时间。结果：随访2年后发现采用GcFujiVIIPINK进行预防性充填治疗，充填成功率为95．7％，对照组则为91．2％，两组成功率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。充填后2年流体树脂组继发龋发病率为3．3％，FujiVII组继发龋发病率则为0。而实验组、对照组每牙平均操作时间分别为（7．389±0．457）min、（11．311土0．613）min，两组比较t=29．920，P=-0．000，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：GCFujiVIIPINK对年轻恒磨牙的窝沟龋治疗疗效与树脂充填相近，但操作时间明显缩短，提高了临床医生的工作效率，值得推广应用。

Fuji Ⅸ型玻璃离子修复老年人楔状缺损的疗效分析

目的评价FujiⅨ型玻璃离子水门汀材料在老年人楔状缺损修复治疗中的临床疗效。方法选择70岁以上老年患者56例,患牙数共234颗,按就诊顺序半随机分为两组,甲组119颗患牙用FujiⅨ型玻璃离子水门汀充填修复,乙组115颗患牙用光固化复合树脂充填修复。修复后随访2年,观察治疗效果。结果甲组成功率为92.4%,乙组成功率为82.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 FujiⅨ型玻璃离子水门汀材料修复老年人楔状缺损,操作方便,色泽美观,有较好的临床应用价值。

FujiⅡ加强型玻璃离子和光固化复合树脂修复楔状缺损的临床疗效观察

目的对比FujiⅡ加强型玻璃离子和光固化复合树脂修复楔状缺损的临床疗效,旨在为临床治疗提供理论指导依据。方法随机将我科2010年1月～2011年1月治疗的100例牙体楔状缺损患者分为FujiⅡ加强型玻璃离子组和光固化复合树脂组,每组各50例,比较两组的成功率及两组材料充填后失败原因。结果 FujiⅡ组成功率虽然高于光固化复合树脂组,但差异无统计学意义,两组均无一例发生牙髓炎、牙周炎,但光固化复合树脂组密合性差,充填物脱落率高。结论 FujiⅡ加强型玻璃离子和光固化复合树脂修复楔状缺损均具有较好的疗效,但FujiⅡ加强型玻璃离子疗效更理想,修复失败率低,值得推广和应用。

Multivariate analysis between meteorological factor and fruit quality of Fuji apple at different locations in China

China has the largest apple planting area and total yield in the world, and the Fuji apple is the major cultivar, accounting for more than 70％ of apple planting acreage in China. Apple qualities are affected by meteorological conditions, soil types, nutrient content of soil, and management practices. Meteorological factors, such as light, temperature and moisture are key environmental conditions affecting apple quality that are difficult to regulate and control. This study was performed to determine the effect of meteorological factors on the qualities of Fuji apple and to provide evidence for a reasonable regional layout and planting of Fuji apple in China. Fruit samples of Fuji apple and meteorological data were investigated from 153 commercial Fuji apple orchards located in 51 counties of 11 regions in China from 2010 to 2011. Partial least-squares regression and linear programming were used to analyze the effect model and impact weight of meteorological factors on fruit quality, to determine the major meteorological factors influencing fruit quality attributes, and to establish a regression equation to optimize meteorological factors for high-quality Fuji apples. Results showed relationships between fruit quality attributes and meteorological factors among the various apple producing counties in China. The mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures from April to October had the highest positive effects on fruit qualities in model effect loadings and weights, followed by the mean annual temperature and the sunshine percentage, the temperature difference between day and night, and the total precipitation for the same period. In contrast, annual total precipitation and relative humidity from April to October had negative effects on fruit quality. The meteorological factors exhibited distinct effects on the different fruit quality attributes. Soluble solid content was affected from the high to the low row preface by annual total precipitation, the minimum temperature from April to October, the mean temperature from April to October, the temperature difference between day and night, and the mean annual temperature. The regression equation showed that the optimum meteorological factors on fruit quality were the mean annual temperature of 5.5-18°C and the annual total precipitation of 602-1121 mm for the whole year, and the mean temperature of 13.3-19.6°C, the minimum temperature of 7.8-18.5°C, the maximum temperature of 19.5°C, the temperature difference of 13.7°C between day and night, the total precipitation of 227 mm, the relative humidity of 57.5-84.0％, and the sunshine percentage of 36.5-70.0％ during the growing period （from April to October）.

Effect of Metaxenia on Sugars and Organic Acids and Taste Quality of Bagged Fuji Apple Fruits

In order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties facilitating the improvement of the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple, the metaxenia effects of 5 pollination varieties on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit were studied. The results showed that the 5 pollination varieties had significant metaxenia effects on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit. For the sugar components, the fruits pollinated with Golden Delicious and Jinxiuhaitang showed higher glucose contents, and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest sucrose content; the fruits pollinated by Gala, Golden Delicious and Ruby exhibited higher malic acids, and the oxalic acid content and the succinic acid content were higher in the fruits pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby ; and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest total sugar content, and the total acid content was higher in the fruits pollinated by Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The sugar-acid ratio was higher in the fruits pollinated with Gala and Golden Delicious, and the lowest in the fruit pollinated with Ruby. The senso- ry evaluation of fruits showed that the fruit pollinated with Ruby tasted sour-sweet, while the fruits pollinated with other 4 pollination varieties were sour and sweet moderately.

Mineral and Sea-Salt Aerosol Fluxes over the Last 340 kyr Reconstructed from the Total Concentration of Al and Na in the Dome Fuji Ice Core

A quantitative analysis of the total concentrations of Al and Na in the Antarctic ice sheet during the past 340 kyr was performed by applying the acid digestion method to the Dome Fuji ice core. Atmospheric fluxes of mineral and sea-salt aerosol to Dome Fuji were calculated from the total concentration. The average fluxes of mineral aerosol to Dome Fuji in the periods of glacial maximum, 18.6 ± 10.1 mg·m–2·yr–1, were larger than the value in the interglacial periods, 3.77 ± 2.20 mg·m–2·yr–1. Conversely, the fluxes of sea-salt have no significant difference between the average value of glacial maximum, 130 ± 55 mg·m–2·yr–1, and that of interglacial, 111 ± 54 mg·m–2·yr–1. The results obtained in this study suggest that the variation of mineral aerosol flux in Dome Fuji, together with climate change, was much larger than that of sea-salt aerosol flux. This result may have occurred because the variety in the intensity of the source and transport during the glacial-interglacial cycle is more significant for mineral aerosol than that for sea-salt aerosol.

Detection of Chlorpyrifos Residues in Akesu Red Fuji Apple based on Near Infrared Spectrum

[Objective] The paper was to explore a method for detecting chlorpyrifos residues in red Fuji apple. [Method] The original spectral data of apple samples sprayed with different volume fractions of chlorpyrifos were collected using near infrared spectrometer at the band of 4 000-10 000 cm^（-1）. The original spectra were pre-treated by a variety of methods, and partial least squares（PLS） model was established for predictive analysis. [Result] Near infrared spectrum showed sensitivity to apple samples sprayed with different volume fractions of chlorpyrifos, but had low precision on pesticide-free samples. Data of blank control group were further eliminated for modeling prediction. The results showed that the results were the best when pre-treated with first derivative（FD）： R=0.987 9; the square error of prediction（SEP） was 0.173 6; the root-mean-square error of cross-validation（RMSECV） was 0.120 5; and the precision was 0.923 4. [Conclusion] Near infrared spectrum can better predict chlorpyrifos residue, providing a new method for detecting chlorpyrifos residues in Akesu red Fuji apple.

Analysis on Free Spindle Pruning Mode and Related Factors in Fuji Apple

In order to clarify the correlations between the free spindle pruning mode and various factors in Fuji apple,the growth data of the free spindle-shaped short branch Fuji apple Tianhong No. 2 and the free spindle-shaped long branch Fuji apple Changfu No. 2 in the Apple Demonstration Park of Xingtang County,Hebei Province were investigated. Using SPSS statistical software,the correlations between the stem tapering grade and various growth traits were analyzed. The results showed that in Tianhong No. 2,the stem tapering grade was negatively correlated with various growth traits of the central shaft,and the correlation coefficients between the stem tapering grade and the central shaft total thickness,the central shaft average thickness,the central shaft total length and the central shaft average length were-0. 228,-0. 033,-0. 411 and-0. 430,respectively; and in Changfu No. 2,the stem tapering grade was positively correlated with various growth traits of the central shaft,and the correlation coefficients between the stem tapering grade and the central shaft total thickness,the central shaft average thickness,the central shaft total length and the central shaft average length were 0. 475,0. 181,0. 120 and 0. 258,respectively. This paper can provide a scientific basis for guiding the construction of free spindle pruning mode in densely planted dwarf apple trees.

Analysis of Short-Shoot Fuji Apple Tree Structure and Correlative Factors

In order to clarify the correlation between short-shoot Fuji apple tree structure and different factors under different trimming and pruning modes,we investigate the trunk taperingness of free-spindle short-shoot Fuji and slender-spindle short-shoot Fuji,respectively,as well as the total thickness,average thickness,total length and average length of small main branches in the standard demonstration apple garden in Xingtang County of Hebei Province. By SPSS analysis,we study the correlation between trunk taperingness of trees with different shapes and the growth indices of their small main branches. The results show that the trunk taperingness of free-spindle short-shoot Fuji apple is negatively correlated with the total thickness,average thickness,total length and average length of small main branches,but the correlation is not significant; the trunk taperingness of slender-spindle short-shoot Fuji apple is negatively correlated with the total thickness but positively correlated with other factors,and the correlation with average length reaches a significant level. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for guiding the high-density dwarf rootstock short-shoot Fuji apple tree trimming technology.

Changes in Air Temperatures on Mount Fuji, Japan

The changes in air temperatures on Mount (Mt.) Fuji, Japan were evaluated. Various parameters of air temperatures on Mt Fuji in Japan were obtained from Japan Metrological Agency. Parameters of air temperatures were positively correlated with years on Mt. Fuji. In addition, the number of days under –24°C in January was negatively correlated with years. Global warming was also proved on Mt. Fuji in Japan, especially in winter. Therefore, we need to deal with global warming effect.

免套袋栽培富士苹果果实品质与树体结构相关性分析

为明确免套袋栽培富士苹果果实品质与树体结构、枝类组成比例的相关性,以山东省31个果园的“富士”苹果为试材,研究外观品质、内在品质与树高、干径、冠径、枝类组成比例等参数的相关性。结果表明,单果重、果形指数与树高呈显著负相关,代表红色的a值与树高呈极显著负相关,与冠幅和树冠体积呈显著正相关,着色指数与树高呈显著负相关,与冠幅呈显著正相关,光洁度指数与冠幅呈显著正相关,和树冠体积呈极显著正相关;内在品质硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、V C及钙含量与树体结构无显著相关性,可滴定酸含量与冠幅、树冠体积呈极显著负相关,花青素含量与干高呈极显著负相关。代表黄色的b值与枝长呈显著负相关,与叶丛枝比例呈显著正相关;可溶性固形物含量与枝长呈极显著负相关,与叶丛枝比例呈极显著正相关,与长枝比例呈显著负相关,可滴定酸含量与枝长呈显著负相关,与叶丛枝比例呈显著正相关,V C含量与主枝数呈显著正相关,与枝长呈极显著负相关,花青素含量与枝条数呈显著正相关。分析认为,初盛果期(<12 a生)富士果园,树高、干高、冠幅等树体结构指标对果实外观品质的影响大于对内在品质的影响,而枝类组成比例对内在品质的影响大于对外观品质的影响。

疏密改造对新疆富士苹果果园微环境和光谱特性的影响

【目的】研究疏密改造对郁闭富士苹果果园树冠内温度、相对湿度、光照强度、冠层反射光谱的影响,为提高果园产能和果实品质提供技术参考。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区老龄低效的郁闭富士苹果果园为研究对象,比较疏密改造与正常修剪果树冠层内的温度、相对湿度、光照强度、冠层反射光谱,并进行差异性分析,分析疏密改造对新疆富士苹果果园微环境和光谱特性的影响。【结果】疏密改造后冠层的光照强度高于对照(尤其是上部冠层)疏密改造后,苹果园疏密改造与其对照相比对冠层内温度湿度产生显著影响(P<0.05)。疏密改造后相同层次树冠内相对光照强度高于对照组,且在上部相对光照强度差异达显著水平(P<0.05),疏密改造后,树体冠层反射光谱不同光质的反射率均有不同程度的提升。【结论】疏密改造显著降低了富士苹果树冠内的温度和相对湿度,冠层内东西南北4个方位、各时间段的光照强度与对照相比有不同程度的提升,同时冠层反射光谱不同光质的反射率也有显著的提升。疏密改造可以显著改善富士苹果果园通风透光条件和光质分布的方式及强度。

施钾时期对长富2号苹果果实品质的影响

分别于采收前90、75、60、45、30 d对长富2号苹果园土壤进行施钾处理,探究采收前施钾时期对果实矿质营养、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量等的影响。结果表明,采收前施钾可提高长富2号果实氮、磷、钾含量,增加单果重、果形指数、花青苷含量、可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,促进着色。其中,采收前90 d施肥,单果重最大,可溶性固形物含量和钾含量最高;采收前75 d施肥,果实氮、磷含量最高,固酸比最大;采收前60 d施肥,果皮花青苷含量最高,a*值和CI值最大,果实着色好,果色偏红;采收前30 d施肥,单果重、果形指数、固酸比等与CK均无显著差异。综上,长富2号苹果采收前90 d至60 d增施钾肥对提高果实品质的效果最明显,为陕西省洛川县长富2号苹果园施用钾肥的适宜时期。

不同微生物菌剂对土壤肥力及苹果果实品质的影响

【目的】测定不同微生物菌剂处理对土壤肥力及苹果果实品质的影响,为苹果园合理施肥及优质栽培提供依据。【方法】以烟富苹果为研究对象,在牛粪中添加不同微生物菌剂(哈茨木霉、BFA、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌),研究其对土壤营养状况、树体生长、叶片光合、果实品质等指标的影响。【结果】1)在牛粪中添加不同微生物菌剂,能够明显促进土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等速效养分含量的增加。牛粪结合不同微生物菌剂能显著促进富士苹果树体生长发育。当年生枝条长度增加7.6%~63.6%,叶绿素含量提高7.3%~11.6%。BFA菌剂处理的叶片光合效率最高,苹果树叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度和气孔导度比CK分别增加了26.7%、11.4%、22.8%和11.9%。BFA菌剂对于新梢增粗效果最明显,比CK增加了63.1%。2)牛粪结合不同微生物菌剂使苹果果实品质明显提高。不同微生物菌剂处理下苹果单果质量均有所增加,增幅为12.4%~23.2%,4个微生物菌剂处理均与CK差异显著,其中枯草芽孢杆菌效果最好。BFA菌剂增加果实可溶性固形物质量分数提升效果最为显著。牛粪结合微生物菌剂能明显降低可滴定酸含量,比CK降低了25.6%~48.7%。【结论】所有处理中,牛粪结合BFA菌剂对于改良果园土壤、促进树体生长和提高果实品质的效果最明显。

富士苹果差异化和高值化利用模式分析

富士苹果是我国主要栽培的苹果品种,具有酸甜可口、耐贮藏等特点,深受消费者的喜爱。但富士苹果种植面积大,产量高,不同推广利用模式对苹果销售价格影响很大。本文对黄金富士、晚采雪苹果富士、艺术苹果、功能苹果、锈果富士、不同颜色富士品种混搭等8种富士苹果高价格利用模式的销售价格、种植收益等进行了调研,以期为富士苹果差异化、高值化、产业化开发提供借鉴。

基于气相离子迁移谱技术分析延安市不同县区的富士苹果挥发性成分的差异

目的分析比较延安市不同区县富士苹果之间挥发性成分的差异。方法采用气相离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术对延安市13个县区的晚熟富士苹果的挥发性成分进行分析,建立富士苹果的挥发性成分特征指纹图谱,并进行主成分法和聚类分析法分析。结果在延安市13个县区富士苹果样品中共鉴别出的挥发性成分54种,主要有酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类和酸类等物质,各县区富士苹果的酯类和醇类物质占比较高,分别占总挥发性成分的48.98%~53.19%和13.04%~19.23%。13个县区富士苹果共有的挥发性成分有2-乙基呋喃、丙酸乙酯、甲酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸异戊酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯等,这些物质共同奠定了延安富士苹果香气的总体基调,各县区富士苹果的挥发性成分的具体种类和含量各有不同。结论本研究通过建立挥发性成分特征指纹图谱,明确了延安市不同区县富士苹果之间挥发性成分存在的差异。研究发现延安市宝塔区的富士苹果挥发性成分种类及含量较丰富,其特征性物质有巴豆酸乙酯、异丙醇、2,3-丁二酮、乙酸甲酯等。黄陵县富士苹果特有丁酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯等物质。宜川县富士苹果的特征性物质有反式-2-已烯醛、丁酸异戊酯、丁酸等。此外富县富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成与黄陵县富士苹果的部分挥发性成分一致。洛川县、甘泉县、黄龙县和吴起县的富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成分较为相似;子长市、安塞区、志丹县、延长县的富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成分较为相似。结果表明GC-IMS技术在延安市富士苹果的挥发性成分的分析方面具有较好的应用价值,可用于不同县区富士苹果的风味识别和品质评价。

4种矮化自根砧对宫藤富士苹果抗盐性的影响

比较了盐胁迫对不同矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果生长的影响,为土壤盐碱化地区苹果矮化自根砧木的选用与抗盐机理研究提供参考。以SH6、M9T337、G935、G114种矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果2年生盆栽苗为试材,浇灌0.5%NaCl、1.0%NaCl溶液进行胁迫处理,以浇灌去离子水为对照,在持续处理60 d后调查盐害指数,测定生长、矿质元素含量等指标。结果表明:G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最高,其次为SH6矮化自根砧和M9T337矮化自根砧,G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最低,表现最为抗盐;盐胁迫下各矮化自根砧植株生长均受到显著抑制,生物量积累以G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最高,G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最低。在1.0%NaCl胁迫处理下,G11矮化自根砧富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最大,为对照叶片的34.4倍;而G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最低,仅为对照叶片的2.4倍。4种矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株的抗盐性由强到弱依次为G935>M9T337>SH6>G11,抗盐矮化自根砧能够有效维持宫藤富士植株地上部低钠水平可能是其抗盐性形成的关键因素。