野生茄子(Solanum torvum)抗黄萎病相关基因StoVe1的克隆与分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从野生茄子中扩增克隆到一个抗黄萎病相关基因,命名为StoVe1,其cDNA全长3400bp,含有3153bp的完整开放阅读框,编码1051个氨基酸,该基因编码的蛋白序列与刚果野茄、类番茄和番茄Ve1编码的氨基酸序列同源性分别为82%、81%和80%,且有很高的功能区段保守性。将该cDNA全长序列提交GenBank,登陆号为DQ020574。半定量PCR表明该基因为组成型表达,在根中表达最多,叶中最少。

茄砧托鲁巴姆(Solanum Torvum)种子休眠与萌发习性研究

本文以西安绿茄为对照,对野生茄砧托鲁巴姆种子的休眠与萌发习性进行了系统研究。结果表明,托鲁巴姆种子小、含水量低、吸水速度慢,室温下需浸种48～72h种子才能饱和。种子催芽期淀粉酶的含量和活性的变化与萌芽生长密切相关,托鲁巴姆催芽期淀粉酶的含量和活性都明显低于西安绿茄,可能是托鲁巴姆种子发芽困难、发芽速度缓慢的原因之一。托鲁巴姆种子脱落酸含量高,玉米素、赤霉素和生长素的含量低,是种子发芽困难、发芽时间长的主要原因。在种子浸种催芽过程中,采用适宜的外源生长素类物质处理可能打破种子的休眠,促进萌发生长。

化学处理对托鲁巴姆(Solanum Torvum)种子发芽的影响

论文通过15种化学试剂处理托鲁巴姆种子发现,CaCl2、H2O2和H3BO3不能促进托鲁巴姆种子萌发,发芽率低于对照清水处理;Ca(NO3)2和NaNO3处理虽然对萌发有促进作用,但种子发芽延缓,发芽率不高;KH2PO、K2HPO4、NH4NO3、CaCO3、MnCl2、KCl和NaCl处理对发芽也有促进作用,但发芽效果不明显;KNO3、NaNO2和K3PO4处理发芽率和发芽势都较高,是试剂中较好的类型。采用0.3%～2.0%K3PO4浸种36～48h、0.5%～1.0%KNO3浸种36～48h、0.1%～0.5%NaNO3浸种48h都可使种子发芽率达85%以上,基本达到生产要求,可以作为种子处理的方法。其中K3PO4处理效果最好,NaNO3较好,KNO3对处理浓度和浸种时间要求较严格。

Establishment of Rapid Propagation Technique for Cotyledon of Solanum torvum

[Objective] To research the mass propagation system for cotyledon of Solanum torvum. [Methods] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the research object, ef- fects of hormone combination on callus induction and adventitious buds differentia- tion of S. torvum were researched. [Results] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the ex- plants, the optimal culture medium for callus induction and adventitious buds differ- entiation was MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA. The induction rates of callus and adventitious bud reached 100% and 85%, respectively. The number of average buds was 6. The optimal culture medium for the induction of adventitious roots was MS＋ 0.3 mg/L IAA. The rooting rate reached 100% and the number of average roots was 9. [Conclusions] One-step induction of callus and adventitious buds simplified the mass propagation system, and enhanced the test test efficiency.s

托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum Sw.)在茄子嫁接栽培上的应用研究

茄子近缘野生种托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum Sw.)具有良好的抗病、抗逆性,作为砧木在茄果类蔬菜嫁接生产上得到广泛应用,显示出良好的抗病增产效果。本文对近年来国内外S.torvum作为砧木在茄子嫁接栽培生产上的应用,以及嫁接栽培抗病、克服逆境伤害机理的研究进展等作了阐述。

Cloning and Characterization of a PGIP-Encoding Gene from Solanum torvum

Verticillium wilt is a severe disease in eggplant caused by Verticillium dahliae.Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins （PGIPs） have been shown to be involved in preventing the invasion of fungus including V.dahliae.Cloning genes encoding PGIPs is quite valuable for plant resistance breeding to Verticillium wilt.In this study,a cDNA encoding the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein was isolated from Solanum torvum by RT-PCR and RACE,designated StPGIP （accession no.FJ943498）.The cDNA sequence of StPGIP was 1 097 bp long and contained an open reading frame of 990 bp.The predicted amino acid sequence of the gene consisted of 329 amino acids and had conserved LRRs.The StPGIP protein had a high identity with PGIPs from other species.Analysis of StPGIP expression at the mRNA level by RT-PCR showed that the gene was expressed in all organs and could be induced to increase expression by V.erticillium dahliae infection.

Effects of Solanum torvum fruit water extract on hyperlipidemia and sex hormones in high-fat fed male rats

Objective:To study the effect of water extract of Solanum torvum(S.torvum) on blood lipid and sex hormone levels in high-fat diet(HFD) fed male rats.Methods:Male Wistar rats were maintained on a standard diet or HFD for 10 weeks.During the last 4 weeks,the standard diet groups received distilled water or S.torvum(400 mg/kg) and the HFD groups received distilled water or S.torvum(100,200 and400 mg/kg).Body weight,lipid profiles,sex hormone,internal organs weight and liver histopathology were all measured.Moreover,kidney function was evaluated using blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels,and liver function by the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.Results:The result showed that rats in the HFD control group had increased body weight and hyperlipidemia,but had decreased levels of both testosterone and estradiol.When receiving the S.torvum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg,treated rats had significantly increased sex hormone levels of both types,and decreased total cholesterol levels,and at a dose of 200 mg/kg,treated rats had significantly decreased levels of triglyceride.Long term administration of the S.torvum did not produce any toxic signs in livers and kidneys.Pathological examinations of livers showed lipid accumulation in the HFD group,but the treatment of S.torvum slightly reduced lipid deposition in liver tissue.Conclusions:S.torvum extract can reverse the level of sex hormones to their normal level and reduce serum cholesterol in HFD-induced obese male rats.Furthermore,the long term oral administration of S.torvum extract is harmless.

Phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of stem bark extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus H. Baill. and fruit extracts of Solanum torvum Sw. from Gabon

Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus(D. benthamianus) stem bark and Solanum torvum(S. torvum) fruit which have been used as traditional medicinal herbs in Gabon. Methods: Plant extracts were subjected to a qualitative study(phytochemical screening) and a quantitative(dosing) study of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay. Bacteria and fungi susceptibility tests were performed on Mueller Hinton medium and solid Sabouraud, respectively, using the diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were evaluated by microdilution method.Results: The total phenol and tannin contents were significantly higher in the water-ethanol extract compared to the other extracts of D. benthamianus and S. torvum. The water-ethanol and water-acetone extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extracts of the two medicinal plants. However, the extracts presented weak antioxidant activities compared to standards(Vitamin C, BHA). The water-acetone and water-ethanol extracts of S. torvum showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus LMG 13569 BHI, Shigella dysenteriae 5451 CIP, Shigella dysenteriae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Conclusions: Our results show that D. benthamianus and S. torvum can be promising sources of natural products with potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Study on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Physiology and Biochemistry of Solanum nigrum L. under Glyphosate Stress

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .

喀西茄Solanum khasianum形态特征·分布与危害研究

对新入侵的外来杂草喀西茄Solanum khasianum的植株、花、果实、种子的形态特征、分布与危害开展了研究,并对同属的近似种(检疫性杂草北美刺龙葵Solanum carolinense L.、刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal.、水茄Solanum torvum Swartz和外来杂草蒜芥茄Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.)等形态特征进行比较,对快速准确鉴定茄属重要杂草、提高疫情检出率及加强对检疫重要杂草的风险管理提供信息依据。

Investigating the genetic diversity of several varieties of Iranian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers

Background:Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of approximately 7,500 genetic tomato varieties worldwide.Hence,it is crucial to assess the genetic diversity among tomato cultivars.This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of selected Iranian tomato cultivars(Solanum lycopersicum)using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers.Method:Ten RAPD primers and ten ISSR primers were employed to assess the genetic diversity among 10 tomato cultivars:Matin,RFT 112,Hirad,Golsar,Raha,Hengam,Hedah,Fasa,JS12,and Emerald.Data analysis involved the UPGMA algorithm and NTYSYSpc software.Results:RAPD analysis revealed close genetic proximity between Fasa and JS12,as well as between Raha and Hadieh.Conversely,the RFT 112,Hengam,Hirad,and Emerald cultivars exhibited significant genetic diversity within this group.ISSR primer analysis identified Hengam as the most diverse variety,while Matin,Emerald,and Vibrid,as well as Raha and JS12,displayed genetic similarities with minimal observed diversity.Furthermore,the overall analysis of the cultivars using RAPD and ISSR markers indicated that Hengam exhibited the highest diversity among all the varieties.Notably,Raha and JS12 demonstrated limited diversity in this analysis.Conclusion:This research demonstrates substantial genetic diversity among the investigated tomato varieties,with Hengam displaying the highest diversity within this group.Furthermore,ISSR markers proved more effective in determining genetic diversity in tomato plants.

Exploring the molecular mechanism of Solanum nigrum L in breast cancer treatment through network pharmacology and molecular docking validation

In 2020,breast cancer emerged as the leading type of cancer worldwide,surpassing lung cancer in the number of new cases.The high cost and frequent failure of current treatments due to drug resistance and other challenges underscore the urgent need for novel,affordable,efficient,and less toxic breast cancer therapies with fewer side effects.This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Solanum Nigrum L.counters breast cancer,employing network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:The study identified the primary active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.using databases such as TCMSP,TCM-ID,NPASS,and BATMAN.Prediction of the compounds'targets was facilitated by the SwissADME website,while main breast cancer targets were sourced from the GeneCards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The identified drug-disease intersection targets were analyzed using the STRING platform to construct a protein interaction network,which was then visualized and refined to select hub targets using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The Metascape database's MOCDE functional plugin was employed for identifying potential functional modules within the protein interaction network.Further,the DAVID database was utilized for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the intersection targets.Molecular docking of key active compounds with core targets was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 software.Lastly,the GEPIA2.0 database was used for predicting overall survival curves of hub targets and conducting a pan-cancer analysis.Results:Eleven active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.,including Diosgenin,Tigogenin,and Quercetin,were identified from traditional Chinese medicine databases.We discovered 113 targets common to both Solanum Nigrum L.and breast cancer.Solanum Nigrum L.exhibits anti-breast cancer properties through interactions with 14 key targets,including SRC,PIK3R1,HSP90AA1,PIK3CA,AKT1,VEGFA,and ESR1.These interactions influence several critical signaling pathways,notably the cancer signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,and EGFR signaling pathway.Survival analysis indicated that the aberrant expression of these 14 key targets significantly affects patient survival times.Furthermore,pan-cancer analysis highlighted marked differences in the expression patterns of these targets between breast cancer patients and control groups.Conclusion:Solanum Nigrum L.mediates its therapeutic impact on breast cancer through a comprehensive approach,targeting multiple components,targets,and pathways.

Exploration of potential mechanisms for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by Solanum diphyllum L.based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Evidence of the advantages of Solanum nigrum L.for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is accumulating.However,research revealing the treatment of Solanum diphyllum L.against ulcerative colitis is scarce.In this study,the chemical components of the extract of Solanum diphyllum L.were characterized by LC-MS/MS,identifying 31 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.A total of 425 component target genes and 1900 disease target genes were obtained,and 121 intersection targets and 6 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes by means of network pharmacology.GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-infl ammation.The results of molecular docking showed that the chemical components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as SRC,EGFR,PTGS2,MMP9,HSP90AA1,ESR1.This study provided a scientifi c basis for the development and application of Solanum diphyllum L.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

冷驯化前后野生马铃薯Solanum acaule内参基因的筛选

为找到表达稳定性最好的内参基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了4个内参基因ef1-a、Actin、β-tubulin2和β-tubulin3在野生马铃薯S.acaule冷驯化前后的表达稳定性。结果表明:β-tubulin2和ef1-a表达均稳定,Actin变化最大。因此,β-tubulin2和ef1-a适宜作为野生马铃薯S.acaule的内参基因。

外来入侵有害植物刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum Dunal.)幼苗的形态学特征初步研究

采用石蜡切片法和徒手切片法对刺萼龙葵的幼苗进行研究,结果发现:刺萼龙葵子叶长1.2～1.8cm,宽0.2～0.6cm,厚度180～270μm,栅栏组织1层,厚55～65μm,海绵组织相对很发达,占叶肉的很大比例,厚155～165μm,气孔器在上、下表皮都有分布,气孔指数平均为46.1;真叶长2～2.5cm,宽1.5～2cm,厚度220～340μm,栅栏组织1层,厚108～114μm,海绵组织细胞4～6层,厚111～118μm;上下表皮均具表皮毛。皮层中的细胞具有叶绿体;维管束为双韧型。刺萼龙葵根的表皮细胞1层,排列紧密;皮层细胞均为薄壁细胞,凯氏带就分布于此层上。

栽培茄与红茄(Solanum integrifolium)种间杂交及其杂种的特性分析

运用有性杂交方法 ,以野生种红茄与栽培种七叶茄、徐紫茄、安长茄为亲本进行种间杂交 ,结果仅获得红茄×七叶茄种间杂种。对F1 杂种若干特性进行分析 ,结果表明 :种间F1 多数形态性状居中 ,在生长势方面具有明显的杂种优势 ;F1 叶片中POD同工酶表现为双亲“完全互补型” ,COD、EST同工酶兼含双亲的部分谱带 ,多偏向母本野生红茄 ,有时还出现杂种酶带 ;RAPD标记表现为“偏母的互补型” ;花粉育性极低。另外还对F1 回交中柱头与花粉内相互作用进行了初步研究 ,发现红茄、七叶茄、安长茄花粉与花粉管可在F1 柱头与花柱中正常萌发。

醋栗番茄Solanum pimpinellifolium遗传多样性分析

野生种醋栗番茄包含丰富的变异,具有众多优良性状。本研究对从世界不同地区收集的433份醋栗番茄遗传资源进行了表型鉴定及遗传多样性分析。表型鉴定结果表明,在收集的433份醋栗番茄中约有14%为樱桃番茄,370份典型醋栗番茄中约22%的材料存在不同程度的分离。群体变异分析表明,不同性状间变异系数存在较大差异,其中柱头变异系数最大,为56.716%;花瓣数遗传稳定,变异系数最小,为2.082%;相关分析表明,多个性状间存在显著相关性;利用表型和基因型数据聚类均将醋栗番茄群体划分为两大类群;主成分分析表明,坐果率、单果重、可溶性固形物对变异的贡献率较大。研究结果将为利用醋栗番茄进行栽培种番茄遗传改良奠定一定的基础。

土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd(0、10、20、40、80、160 mg·kg-1)处理下,龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收及质膜ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,土壤添加Cd浓度≤40 mg·kg-1时显著促进龙葵幼苗生长及生物量的积累与分配,添加Cd浓度>40 mg·kg-1时抑制作用加强;叶绿素含量随Cd添加浓度的增大而下降,在较低浓度Cd(10 mg·kg-1)处理时,显著提高叶绿素含量。随Cd添加浓度的增加,根、茎、叶和果实中的全N、全P和全K含量先升后降(除茎全P降低外);叶片中的Cd积累量最高,茎次之,果实中最低;丙二醛含量与过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增大,但超氧化物歧化酶(POD)活性先升后降;幼苗地上(茎与叶)和地下(根)部H+-ATP以及地下部Ca2+-ATP酶活性随Cd添加浓度的增加不断降低,而地上部Ca2+-ATP酶活性则先升后降。这些结果表明,龙葵在高Cd胁迫(≥40 mg·kg-1)下,能通过加快根系对Cd离子积累来提高抗氧化酶(CAT和SOD)活性、降低POD与质膜ATP酶活性、改变对N、P和K的吸收,从而起到对Cd胁迫的解毒作用。

内蒙古新外来入侵植物——黄花刺茄(Solanum rostratum Dunal)

通过标本鉴定和查阅文献,证实在内蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗首次发现的黄花刺茄(Solanum rostratum Dunal)是新近入侵内蒙古的一种外来植物.黄花刺茄原产北美洲,其入侵性极强,具有重大的潜在危害.