Preferred Orientation in Nanocomposite Permanent Magnet Materials

Melt-spun （Nd11.4Fe82.9B5.7）0.99M1 ribbons （M = Zr, Nb, Ga, Zr＋ Ga, Nb ＋ Ga）were prepared by melt-spinning technique. Ga addition is found to be effective for the orientation of c-axis of Nd2Fe14B grains perpendicular to the ribbon plane. Better magnetic properties can be achieved by adding both the two kinds of elements Zr ＋ Ga, Nb ＋ Ga, and it is found that the preferred orientation is further improved. The alignment degree changes with ribbon thickness and is highest when ribbon thickness is 120 μm. Heat treatment can improve the texture degree, but lead to coarser grains. Cryogenic treatment is first applied for the treatment of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe melt-spun ribbons. The effects on magnetic properties and texture degree of nanocomposite magnets after cryogenic treatment were studied. The result shows that cryogenic treatment is beneficial to the enhancement of texture degree of melt-spun ribbon and the grain size has no obvious change.

Relationship between crystal growth mode, preferred orientation and magnetostriction of (Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7))Fe_(1.95) alloys

The relationship between crystal growth mode, preferred orientation and magnetostrictive properties of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloys was investigated at different directional solidification rates. The results showed that preferred orientation had a strong influence on the characteristics of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloys. At lower solidification rates, the sample with 〈110〉 preferred orientation showed larger low-field magnetostriction and apparent compressive stress effect. The excessive solidification rate resulted in failure of preferred orientation and a poor magnetostrictive performance. With an increase in solidification rates, the crystal growth modes changed gradually from cellular and primary dendrite morphology to developed dendritic morphology. In addition, domain configurations were observed using magnetic force microscopy, and the change of magnetostrictive properties was interpreted in terms of revealing the domain configurations.

PREFERRED ORIENTATION OF DEPOSITED TiC COATING ON STEEL BY CVD

Investigation was made of the deposited rate,surface morphology and crystal pre- ferred orientation of the dense TiC coating onto austenitic stainless steel in relation with CH_4/TiCl_4 mole ratio and temperature adopted in CVD processing. When the CH_4/TiCl_4 ratio is low or high,the preferred orientation may be(220)or(200),respec- tively,which is mainly dependent on the equilibrium concentration of active C in vapour phase.

Environmental Embrittlement and Preferred Orientation of Cold-Rolled and Annealed Fe_3 (Al,Cr,Zr) Alloy at Ambient Temperature

The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test environments. It has been shown that the ductility in various environments decreases in sequence of oxygen—oil—air—distilled water. The results of X ray diffraction analysis show that (211) preferred orientation of B 2 phase appears in cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy after recrystallization annealing.

ELECTRO－OXIDATION OF ETHANOL ON HIGHLY PREFERRED ORIENTATION NICKEL ELECTRODE IN NaOH

The electro-oxidation of ethanol on a highly preferred orientation (220) Ni electrode and alower texture degree Ni electrode in 1 mol/L NaoH was investigated with cyclicvoltammetry. The mechanism of ethanol oxidation on the highly preferred orientation Nielectrode is proposed. It is shown that the current peak of electro-oxidation of ethanol onthe highly preferred orientation (220) Ni electrode is much higher than that of the lowertextUre degree (220) Ni electrode, Ni(Ⅲ) on the surface of the highly preferredorientation(220)Ni electrode is responsible for the oxidation ethanol.

Fabrication and characterization of high density LaB_(6) polycrystalline with(100) preferred orientation

High density lanthanum hexaboride(LaB_(6))polycrystalline with(100)preferred orientation was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)using LaB_(6) nanocubes as raw materials in this work.Microstructure and thermionic electron emission property of LaB_(6) polycrystalline were investigated detailedly.The results show that the LaB_(6) polycrystalline had a relative density of 95.8%,and there was a(100)preferred orientation on its surface normal to SPS pressing direction.The work function of LaB_(6) polycrystalline normal surface was only 2.73 eV,which was almost close to the theoretical work function of LaB_(6)(100)single crystal surface.The reasons for preferential orientation of LaB_(6) polycrystalline were analyzed.

Efficient Preparation of Nanoparticle-Reinforced Nickel-based Composite Coating with Highly Preferred(220)Orientation

Nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite coatings have significant potential in mechanical part surface strengthening owing their excellent mechanical properties.This paper reports a phenomenon in which the grain orientation gradually evolves to(220)as the deposition current density increases when preparing nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composite coatings through jet electrodeposition(JED).During the preparation of the Ni-SiC composite coatings,the deposition current density increased from 180 A/dm2 to 220 A/dm2,and TC(220)gradually increase from 41.4%to 97.7%.With an increase of TC(220),the self-corrosion potential increases from−0.575 to−0.477 V,the corrosion current density decreases from 9.52μA/cm^2 to 2.76μA/cm^2,the diameter of the corrosion pits that after 10 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution decreases from 278–944 nm to 153–260 nm,and the adhesion of the coating increases from 24.9 N to 61.6 N.Compared a conventional electrodeposition(CED),the Ni-SiC composite coating using JED has the advantages of a smooth surface morphology,high corrosion resistance,and strong adhesion,which are more obvious with an increase in TC(220).

Enhanced Ferroelectric Polarization in Laser-ablated Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films by Controlling Preferred Orientation

Polycrystalline Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films with various fractions of a-axis, c-axis and random orientations have been grown on Pt（111）/Ti/Si O_2/Si substrates by laser-ablation under different kinetic growth conditions. The relationship between the structure and ferroelectric property of the films was investigated, so as to explore the possibility of enhancing ferroelectric polarization by controlling the preferred orientation. The structural characterization indicated that the large growth rate and high oxygen background pressure were both favorable for the growth of non-c-axis oriented grains in the Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films. The films with high fractions of a-axis and random orientations, i e, f（a-sxis） = 28.3% and f（random） = 69.6%, could be obtained at the deposition temperature of 973 K, oxygen partial pressure of 15 Pa and laser fluence of 4.6 J/cm^2, respectively. It was also noted that the variation of ferroelectric polarization was in accordance with the evolution non-c-axis orientation. A large value of remanent polarization（2 Pr = 35.5 μC/cm^2） was obtained for the Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films with significant non-c-axis orientation, even higher than that of rare-earth-doped Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） films.

The preferences of orientations between the pairs of amino acids

In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common preferences of orientations （70°, 30°, 140°） and （110°, 340°, 100°） for various pairs of amino acids. Different side chains may strengthen or weaken the common preferences, which is related to the effect of packing. Some amino acids having specific local flexibility may possess some preferences of orientations besides the common ones, such as （10°, 280°, 210°）. Another analysis on the pairs of the amino acids with different secondary-structure preferences shows that the directional interaction may affect the distribution of orientation more effectively than the packing or local flexibility. All these results provide us some insight of the organization of amino acids in protein, and their relation with some related interactions.

Preferable Orientations of Interacting C_(60) Molecules inside Single Wall Boron Nitride Nanotubes

This work focuses on the preferable orientation analysis of the hybrid system where the C60 molecules are encap- sulated inside the boron nitride nanotubes by using the two-molecule model. The low-energy state can be acquired in the contour map, which provides the visual information of the systematical van der Waals interaction potential for the C60 molecules adopting different orientations. Our results show that the C60 molecules exhibit the pre- ferred pentagon and hexagon orientations with the tube＇s diameter smaller and larger than 13.55A, respectively. The preferred two-bond orientation obtained in the single-molecule model is absent in this study, indicating that the intermolecular interaction of adjacent C60 molecules plays an important role in the orientational behaviors of this peapod structure.

h‑MoO_(3)/SiO_(2)催化合成季戊四醇异辛酸酯

采用固相研磨法,制备了一系列h-MoO_(3)/SiO_(2)催化剂,这些催化剂用于季戊四醇(PER)和异辛酸(i-EHA)反应,合成季戊四醇异辛酸酯(POE),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行表征测试。结果表明,h-MoO_(3)负载量为15%的(200)晶面择优取向的h-MoO_(3)/SiO_(2)是合成POE的优良催化剂。适宜的反应工艺条件(ni-EHA/nPER=4.3,mh-MoO_(3)/SiO_(2)/mPER=0.003,T=220℃,t=4 h)下,酯化率可达90.83%,POE的选择性可达100%。

松辽盆地南部岩石圈地幔变形特征及各向异性分析——来自橄榄岩包体的约束

SKS测量结果显示松辽盆地快波方向分布较为复杂,由于缺乏深部岩石变形资料约束,制约了地震波各向异性成因解释。本文通过对松辽盆地南部双辽地区橄榄岩包体进行详细的岩石学、地球化学、显微结构、各向异性研究,结果显示双辽地区橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为893~1152℃,来源于岩石圈地幔。橄榄岩中橄榄石的晶格优选方位(CPO)类型主要为A型、D型和AG型,其中,AG型和D型CPO可能形成于西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲回撤导致的岩石圈变形,AG型橄榄石CPO也可能形成于熔体存在下的橄榄石变形。基于CPO计算获得的橄榄岩包体全岩VP各向异性(AVP)为4.79%~11.80%,最大剪切波各向异性(AVSmax)为3.13%~7.93%。结合地球物理测量结果,推断松辽盆地南部复杂的SKS各向异性的主要贡献可能来源于面理陡倾或直立的岩石圈地幔。

地球内核各向异性结构成因:矿物学模型和动力学机制

地震学观测表明,地球内核具有复杂的不均一性和各向异性结构,认知内核结构的关键在于研究内核各向异性结构的矿物学组成和动力学机制。本文将介绍内核各向异性结构特征,并探讨其矿物模型和动力学机制。在内核温压下,六方相(hcp)和体心立方(bcc)相铁合金都表现出各向异性,若其快轴沿自转轴产生定向排布,则可以解释内核南北方向快、赤道方向慢的各向异性特征。轻元素的加入将显著改变铁合金的各向异性,特别是超离子态铁-氢合金的快轴方向随氢含量的增加而发生倒转。内核各向异性的动力学机制可分为3种:(1)凝固时晶体的定向生长。凝固时的组构在内核温度下会很快消失,因此该机制不是导致内核各向异性结构的主要原因;(2)外应力驱动。外应力驱动的定向排列需要考虑内核物质的流变机制,目前的模型主要基于刚性内核假设,要求内核主要发生位错蠕变且黏度大于1018Pa·s;(3)扩散内应力驱动。若内核处于超离子态,地磁场驱动轻元素定向扩散所产生的内应力可驱动晶格的定向排布。上述机制的驱动力(化学对流、热对流、地磁场)均来自外核,因此了解外核动力学与内核动力学的相互作用是认知内核组成和结构的关键。

连云山岩体韧性走滑剪切带变形特征及其动力学

晚侏罗世末‒早白垩世早期中国东部岩石圈经历了从挤压到伸展的构造转变,这一过程反映了古太平洋板片活动方式的变化。连云山岩体位于江南造山带中段,发育E-W向和NE-SW向走滑剪切带。E-W向走滑剪切带(F1)弥散地发育于二云母花岗岩中,而NE-SW向走滑剪切带(F2)以应变集中带形式切过黑云母花岗岩和斑状花岗岩岩株,叠加在F1之上。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,连云山岩体中剪切变形的黑云母二长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩的侵位年龄分别150±2 Ma和138±5 Ma。从F2剪切带斑状花岗岩中心向边缘,石英C轴组构揭示糜棱岩中石英滑移系从柱面<c>到底面,表明从岩体中心向边缘变形温度从500℃降至约300℃。据此可以确定F1变形时间为150 Ma之后,F2变形时间为斑状花岗岩冷却至中心温度约400~500℃时,接近138 Ma。应力分析揭示两条剪切带发育的最大主应力(σ1)为NEE-SWW向,指示早白垩世早期古太平洋板块向扬子板块低角度俯冲方向为NEE-SWW向,深俯冲板片“回绕”时间略晚于138 Ma。

Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide

Monolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(TSCs)are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost,potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency.However,it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometersize pyramids.Here,we introduced a bulky organic molecule(4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide(F-PMAI))as a perovskite additive.It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F^(−)and FA^(+)and reduce(111)facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the(111)facet.Besides,the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth,which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA+and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)/I^(−).As a result,the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and(111)preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density,thereby promoting charge carrier transportation,and enhancing device performance and stability.The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05%based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction.In addition,the devices exhibit excellent longterm thermal and light stability without encapsulation.This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.

Mg掺杂增强CuCrO_(2)陶瓷的电传导及各向异性

采用固相反应法制备了具有c轴择优的CuCr_(1-x)Mg_(x)O_(2)(x=0、0.005、0.010、0.020、0.030、0.040、0.050)系列多晶,分别从垂直和平行于压力的宏观面内方向和厚度方向研究Mg掺杂对CuCrO_(2)多晶微结构取向和电性能及各向异性的影响,探讨了Mg掺杂增强CuCrO_(2)陶瓷电导率各向异性的机制。当x≤0.030时,多晶为菱方R3m单相结构,随着掺杂量的增加,晶粒在面内充分长大,气孔和晶界减少,致密度逐渐提高,多晶呈现热激活半导体电输运行为;当x=0.030时,面内取向因子F((00l))达到最高值0.912,面内c轴择优取向远优于厚度方向,面内和厚度方向的CuCr_(1-x)Mg_(x)O_(2)多晶室温电阻率分别显著下降至1.80×10^(-3)和3.16×10^(-3)Ω·m,这是由于其结构各向异性的差异,热激活能均减小至0.03 eV,c轴择优取向对热激活能影响并不明显,最大载流子浓度比母相均增加3个量级,晶界缺陷更少,平均自由程增大,输运能力更强,电导率更高。实验表明最优掺杂量为x=0.030,当掺杂量x高于0.030时,出现MgCr_(2)O_(4)尖晶石杂相,样品的微观结构和电输运性能变差。

Lattice Preferred Orientation, Water Content, and Seismic Anisotropy of Orthopyroxene

Lattice preferred orientation （LPO） and seismic anisotropy of orthopyroxene （enstatite） in mantle xenoliths from Spitsbergen, Svalbard, near the Arctic, are studied. LPOs of enstatite were determined using electron backseattered diffraction （EBSD）. We found four types of LPOs of orthopyroxene and defined them as type-AC, -AB, -BC, and -ABC. Type-AC LPO of orthopyroxene is defined as （100） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. Type-AB LPO is defined as （100） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [010] axis aligned subparallel to linea- tion. Type-BC LPO is defined as （010） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. Type-ABC LPO is defined as both （100） and （010） planes aligned subparallel to foliation with a girdle distribution of both [100] and [010] axes normal to lineation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. We report for the first time the type-AB, -BC, and -ABC LPO of orthopyroxerie. We found that the LPO pattern has a correlation with the content of orthopyroxene in the specimen. Nicolet 6700 FTIR （Fourier transformation infrared） study of enstatite showed that type-AC LPO was observed mostly in the samples of enstatite with low water content. It is found that the strength of the LPO of enstatite decreases with increasing water content and has a correlation with the strength of the LPO of olivine： the stronger the LPO of enstatite, the stronger the LPO of olivine. Seismic anisotropy of enstatite was smaller than that of olivine in the same specimen.

直流磁控溅射生长(002)择优取向AlN薄膜及其光致发光

采用直流反应磁控溅射法,在玻璃衬底上生长了沿(002)择优取向的AlN薄膜,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AlN薄膜结构和表面形貌进行表征,并测量了AlN薄膜在405 nm激光激发下的光致发光(PL)光谱。结果表明,在不同氮气含量条件下生长的AlN薄膜均呈(002)择优取向,薄膜表面呈小颗粒密堆积排列,颗粒尺寸在20 nm左右。不同氮气含量条件下生长的AlN薄膜在550 nm处均有较强的由于VAl能级向价带跃迁引起的缺陷能级发光峰;AlN薄膜在589,614,654 nm处也有较弱的缺陷能级发光峰,随着氮气含量增大,缺陷能级发光峰越来越明显,产生原因分别为ON-ON缺陷对向VAl-2ON产生的复合缺陷能级的跃迁、导带向与氧有关的杂质能级(IO)间的跃迁以及VAl-ON深能级向价带的跃迁。

Intense red emitting mechanoluminescence from CaZnOS:Mn,Li with c-axis preferred orientation

We report that the co-doping of Li^(+)ions significantly enhances the crystallinity and mechanoluminescence(ML)intensity of CaZnOS:Mn.The prepared CaZnOS:Mn,Li showed a preferred orientation of c-axis,and the particles possessed a plate-like morphology,which could be attributed to the layered structure of CaZnOS.At the same time,the ML induced by compressive load exhibited intense red emission and obvious intensity enhancement by the Li^(+)co-doping.

(110)和(002)择优取向ZnO薄膜的制备及光学性能研究

运用射频溅射法在Si和LaNiO3/Si衬底上分别制备了高度(002)和(110)取向的ZnO薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征,发现ZnO/LaNiO3/Si薄膜的(110)取向度高达96%,ZnO/Si薄膜为(002)择优取向,两种薄膜表面均致密平整,晶粒尺寸小于80nm.光致发光结果表明,ZnO/LaNiO3/Si薄膜的光致发光峰主要为带边发射的紫外光,而ZnO/Si薄膜的光致发光峰主要为过量氧导致的缺陷引起的缺陷发光峰.因此,采用LaNiO3薄膜作为ZnO在Si衬底上生长的过渡层,能够有效抑制缺陷发光,改善ZnO薄膜的发光性能.