On the ζ-Potential of Nanodiamond in Aqueous Systems

Several factors affecting the ζ-potential of nanodiamonds were studied. The Chemical Mechanical Modification (CMM) of surface, different surfactants and its dosage, and inorganic ions on the ζ-potential of nanodiamond sample L were studied using ZETASIZER3000HS and Nexus470. Results show that the ζ-potential changes with its parameters of detonation synthesis and purification. Results also suggest that CMM and subsequent treatments employed can alter apparently the ζ-potential and that some anionic surfactants increase the absolute value of the ζ-potential in the alkaline surrounding.

Electrochemical study on adsorption behavior of surfactants at β-2CaO·SiO2/NaAlO2 interface

β-2CaO＇SiO2 was obtained with analytical grade reagents. Polyethylene glycol （PEG）, sodium polyacrylate （PAAS） and their mixture were used to inhibit the decomposition of β-2CaO·SiO2 in sodium aluminate solution. The potential of solid-liquid interface and the adsorption mechanism were studied by the methods of Zeta potential measurement and XPS. The results indicate that PEG and PAAS have synergistic effect on the inhibition of secondary reaction. The inhibitory effect is the best when the volume ratio of PAAS to PEG is 1：1 and the total concentration is 12.5 mg/L. PAAS adsorbs on the surface of β-2CaO-SiO2 by the formation of --COOCa coordinate bond, and the negative charge enters into Stem layer, which results in the decrease of particle potential and the obvious change of binding energy of Ca 2p, Si 2p and O Is. PEG only physically adsorbs on the surface ofβ-2CaO·SiO2, and had little effect on particle potential and binding energy of Ca 2p, Si 2p and O Is.

Use of Solid SMEDDS in Delivery of Carvedilol

Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. The mean diameter of the three formulae decreased with an increase of Lutrol F68. Results The in vitro dissolution rate of ...

阴极保护系统对外部构件电干扰腐蚀的计算

采用稳流电场理论，根据阴极保护体系周围电场分布、受电干扰构件位置和构件表面电化学行为等参数计算阴极 保护系统对外部金属构件的电干扰腐蚀。推导了阴极保护管道对外部平行或垂直管道，阴极保护储罐对地面管道和阴极 保护套管对地面设施的电干扰电位公式。并以一个储罐区区域阴极保护体系对临近管道的电干扰为例，计算了干扰电位 分布及简化条件下干扰电流密度（腐蚀速度），和国外文献中数值法计算结果吻合。解析计算法在工程应用和优化参数设 计等方面有更大应用前景。

榆林南区挖潜措施井优选及效果预测

榆林气田南区自2005年底在山2砂岩气藏整体建成20亿立方米年产规模后,已稳产8年,气田整体开发形式良好;但目前气田周边还未发现有利的产建接替区,为保持气田持续稳产,老井挖潜成为必要。以地质研究为基础,结合生产动态,采用不同挖潜选井原则对榆林南区44口低产、低压气井进行筛选;优选出两口井为挖潜对象,利用数值模拟对挖潜效果进行预测,并对措施经济效益进行评价。

喇嘛甸油田X断层井区剩余油开发潜力及调整对策研究

通过建立的数值模型分析了喇嘛甸油田X断层井区各小层的地质储量和剩余储量,利用模型计算输出的含油饱和度分布图,分析了不同类型的剩余油分布特征。结果表明,从不同沉积相的动用状况来看,油层剩余储量主要分布在河道中,其剩余储量占油层总剩余储量的57.0%,其次是主体席状砂;剩余油主要受注采关系不完善、断层遮挡和平面干扰影响,整体占类型总储量的95%。注采关系不完善占据主要的剩余油类型,为73.58%;其次是平面干扰剩余油富集,占12.3%;断层遮挡型剩余油占9.16%。最终井距优选方案为200 m,最终采出程度较原井网高2.84%;对高含水井,调剖体系使用2500万分子质量1500 mg/L的聚合物凝胶,凝胶注入量为0.125 PV、注入速度为120 m^(3)/d。

静电场电位边值问题唯一性定理的补充与完整证明

本文对静电场电位边值问题与解的唯一性定理作了补充与完整的证明.首先将区域边界与衔接边界从通常的混称中区分开来,确认了静电场边值问题中第三类边界条件应有的形式,在解的唯一性定理中增加了衔接条件和无限远边界条件,并根据数学表达式的形式重新归类。然后在区域边界条件、无限远边界条件和衔接条件下电位解的唯一性的证明中,讨论了第一、第三类边值问题电位解的唯一性与全二类边界条件下电位存在常数差的问题,解除了第三类边界条件系数为正的限制,说明了整个求解空间为无限大时适用的边值问题。最后通过例题说明了区域、无限远和衔接3种边界条件在解题中的应用。补充后的定理可以更好地作为解题和后续学习的依据和基础。

Effect of Competitive Adsorption between Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Naphthalene Superplasticizer on Fluidity of Cement Paste

The adsorption amount, ξ-potential of cement particles and fluidity of cement paste were tested to research the competitive adsorption between naphthalene superplasticizer （FDN） and STPP. The experimental results showed that the presence of STPP could significantly improve the fluidity of cement paste and reduce the fluidity loss with FDN. There existed a competitive adsorption between STPP and FDN. STPP and calcium ions formed complexes; they preferentially adsorbed onto surface of cement particles and preempt adsorption points of FDN; and it reduced adsorption amount of FDN. In the absence of STPP, saturation adsorption amount of FDN was 5.93 mg/g; but when the dosage of STPP was 0.1%, it reduced to 4.3 mg/g （about 72.5%）. The adsorption amount of FDN was reduced by STPP, but ξ-potential of cement particles enhanced and fluidity of cement paste increased because of strong negative charge effect of the complexes. Adsorption of the complexes would delay Ca^2＋ into liquid and inhibit formation of active adsorption points. Then, content of FDN in liquid increased with the addition of STPP and ξ-potential of cement particles became stable. In this way, fluidity loss of cement paste reduced.

桂北地区传统村落旅游开发潜力评价

选取桂北地区40个开发水平较高的旅游村落进行旅游开发驱动因子分析,建立传统村落旅游开发潜力评价指标体系,进而借助SPSS、ArcGIS软件,探究桂北地区209个国家级传统村落的旅游开发潜力.结果显示:桂北地区传统村落旅游开发影响因素中,人文因素权重大于自然因素;10个旅游开发驱动因子中,高级景区和社会经济因子对传统村落进行旅游开发的影响最大,旅游开发强潜力型传统村落有72个,中等潜力型有61个,弱潜力型有76个.据此提出相应的开发策略,研究结果可以为桂北地区传统村落的旅游开发提供科学参考.

Preparation and ζ-potential characterization of highly dispersible phosphate—functionalized magnetite nanoparticles

By the combination of high-temperature organometallic synthesis and phase transfer through complete ligand-exchange withmixed phosphate, highly water-dispersible Fe3O4nanoparticles with narrow size distribution are obtained, which show appli-cable response to magnetic field. IR and -potential characterization of this system provides insights into ligand structures onparticle surface.

Adsorption of Superplasticizers in Fly Ash Blended Cement Pastes and Its Rheological Effects

The adsorption of superplasticizers in fly ash blended cement paste and its rheological effects were investigated.It is shown that the absorption of superplasticizer on portland cement particles is very different from that on fly ash particles.The fly ash particles have smooth surfaces and are negatively charged,so its adsorption capacity is weaker than the portland cement particles.The amount of adsorbed SP in the fly ash blended cement paste depends highly on the replacement proportion of portland cement with fly ash,and to a much less extent on the nature of the fly ash.However,the amount of adsorbed superplasticizer does not correspond well the ζ-potential of the solid particles,due the strong adsorbing capacities of the Portland cement particles.When fly ash replaces portland cement in the paste,the rheological behavior is radically changed,which is closely related to the fineness and density of the ash.The packing and agglomeration of the solid particles are the controlling factors on the rheological parameters of the fresh paste,instead of the amount and type of adsorbed superplasticizer.

Characterization and coagulation performance of polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate on eutrophic water

Polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS),a new improved coagulation reagent,was prepared by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS),Na2HPO4 and NaOH. The degree of iron polymerisation (Fepol) of PPFS was determined by means of the ferron-timed spectroscopy method. Furthermore,the effect of n(P)/n(Fe),alkalization degree,pH value,and PPFS dosage on the removal rate of eutrophic water turbidity and chl-a and ζ-potential of products were also investigated. The experimental results show that the best n(P)/n(Fe) of flocculation effect in stable product of PFFS is 0.3; the best alkalization degree of flocculation effect is 0.2,while the n(P)/n(Fe) is 0.3. Under the neutral and subalkalic (pH value is 7-8) conditions,PPFS achieves the best processing efficiency. PPFS has more excellent turbidity and higher chlorophyl removal rate by studying treatment eutrophic water in comparison with PFS.

Application of Waste Liquids Containing Lignin from Pulp-producing Industry to CWM Preparation

Three kinds of craft waste liquids, which are by-products in the pulp industry and contain much lignin, were used as dispersing additives for preparing Horonai coal CWM(coal water mixture). The experiments showed that the CWM exhibited the lowest viscosity when it was diluted with an appropriate amount of water with the waste eiquids added. The experiments also indicated that the maximum coal concentration in the practically applicable CWMs whose apparent viscosity has to be below 1000 mPa·s increased from 56.5% to 62.5%(mass fraction), and 56.5% is the maximum coal mass fraction of the CWM prepared without additives. These data show the effectiveness of the waste liquids as the additives for preparing CWMs. The zeta potential of coal particles in the CWMs changed with the addition of lignin. From the change, the steric repulsion effect of the lignin adsorbed on the coal particles is concluded to be mainly responsible for the CWM dispersion. The waste liquids contain less sulfur than PSSNa(polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt), a typical dispersant which is currently used for preparing the commercial CWM, when the sulfur content in the unit mass of the solid matters within the waste liquids is compared with that in unit mass of PSSNa. This fact suggests that the waste liquids are more advantageous than PSSNa as far as air pollutants are concerned.

Dispersion mechanism of nano-magnetite coated with oleate in aqueous carrier

To investigate dispersion mechanism of water-based ferrofluid, the effects of electrolytes on the dispersibility of ferrofluid in the dispersing system with different pH values were discussed. The ζ-potential of magnetic nano-particles was measured to discover the adsorbent state of oleate group on the surface of magnetite particles. The mechanism that coexisting electrolyte influences the dispersibility was studied. The results show that the electrolyte affects the stability of ferrofluid through an effect on the structure of surfactant bilayer adsorption, which was proved by ζ-potential measured. The associated mechanism of steric and electrostatic is dominant in aqueous ferrofluid.

Spin-Dependent Electron Tunneling in ZnSe/Zn_(1-x)Mn_xSe Heterostructures with Double δ-Potentials

Using the matrix method, spin-dependent tunneling properties such as barrier transparency, the degree of resonance polarization, and tunneling lifetime of electrons are examined in the non-magnetic/diluted magnetic semiconductor heterostructure. The effects of the double δ-potential and the magnetic field are discussed on the transport properties of the electrons. The introduction of double δ-potential shifts the resonance peak of polarization to the higher energy value. Both height and position of the δ-potential influence the degree of resonance polarization in the considered heterostructure. The increasing magnetic field enhances the spin-polarization.

Chemical Structures and Adsorptive Behaviors of Superplasticizers on β-C_2S

The chemical structures of four types of superplasticizers （SPs） and their adsorptive behaviors on β-C2S were investigated. The adsorption properties of SPs on β-C2S were measured and the relationship between the adsorption quantity and the specific surface of β-C2S was analyzed. The experimental results show that the adsorption quantity increases with the surface area increase of β-C2S, but the adsorption quantity per surface area is similar, which means that the main adsorbent is β-C2S itself. Polycarboxylic ester （PCE） showed the highest adsorption amount on β-C2S, followed by β-naphthalene sulfonates （NSF） and formaldehyde-acetone condensates sulfonates （FAS）, amino sulphonate （AS） showed the least adsorption amount on β-C2S. PCE affected the surface potential of β-C2S particles in water differently in comparison with other types of SPs. The adsorption capacity of SPs on β-C2S is determined by factors such as molecular structure, functional groups and molecular weight of SPs.

Manipulation of a temporal electron-spin splitter via aδ-potential in an embedded magnetic-electric-barrier microstructure

We theoretically explore the manipulation of a temporal electron-spin splitter by aδ-potential in an embedded magnetic-elec tric-barrier micro structure(EMEBM),which is constructed by patterning a ferromagnetic stripe and a Schottky-metal stripe on the top and bottom of an InAs/Al_(x)In_(1-x)As heterostructure,respectively.Spin polarization of the dwell time remains,even though aδ-potential is inserted by atomic-layer doping.Both the magnitude and sign of the spinpolarized dwell time can be manipulated by changing the weight or position of the 6-potential.Thus,a structurally controllable temporal electron-spin splitter can be obtained for spintronics device applications.

醌介体催化强化酸性红B生物脱色

考察了5种结构相似的醌介体(AQS、2,7-AQDS、AQDS、1,5-AQDS和α-AQS)对酸性红B生物脱色的催化强化作用。结果表明,反应进行至5 h,在0～0.24 mmol/L AQS的浓度范围内,最高脱色率达89%(0.24 mmol/L),相对于空白组(28%)提高约3.2倍,且零级反应速率常数K与介体浓度呈正相关线性关系,K=56.571CAQS+22.616(R2=0.9012);最适实验条件为AQS浓度0.24 mmol/L,0.25%NaCl,温度35℃,pH 7;在此实验条件下,5种醌介体相对于空白组脱色效率分别提高了1.14～1.53倍,体系氧化还原电位降低了38～87 mV。本研究为解决偶氮染料生物脱色技术存在的降解速率低的问题提供了新的思路。

Surface properties of bacteria from activated sludge in relation to bioflocculation

Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled bacteria, were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） composition under different growth stages, it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity, which were important factors to bioflocculation. Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential. However, in our study, the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K. Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply, and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment, while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery. This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.

RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF DIFFUSION AND MIXING IN THE MICROCHANNEL FLOWAND MICROMIXER

The mechanism of diffusion and mixing in the micro-channel flow was studied numerically and experimentally in detail. Based on the theoretical and computational results, the micro-mixers with high efficiency were designed. The conclusions drawn from this thesis are helpful for the practical usage.