玉米新品种“会单112”的选育及栽培技术

高海拔玉米新品种会单112,由会泽县农技推广中心于2011年以10871作母本,用自育自交系PSB715大穗作父本杂交组配选育而成。文章阐述了会单112的选育经过、产量表现及特征特性,总结了该品种的高产栽培技术,为品种推广应用提供参考。

莫高窟112窟琵琶舞画面的审美特征与文化意蕴

通过分析莫高窟112窟壁画中琵琶舞画面的审美特征与文化意蕴,从构图、色彩运用、线条表现以及舞姿动态等方面深入探究该壁画的视觉魅力与艺术特征。结合历史背景阐述其在丝绸之路文化交流和佛教艺术传播中的丰富文化内涵与跨文化意义及影响。

IEC/TC112国际标准化发展趋势和工作动态

国际电工委员会电气绝缘材料与系统评定委员会(IEC/TC112)作为电工领域的基础通用方法标准化委员会,致力于电气绝缘材料和绝缘系统性能评定方法的标准化。本文分析了IEC/TC112的组织结构、职能及其国际标准化的发展趋势,特别是为新型绝缘材料、新能源发电、输变电装备、高压直流输电及新能源汽车电机提供的性能评定方法。文章还探讨了IEC/TC112标准对中国产业的影响,包括促进新型绝缘材料的研发、提高电工产品质量和推动相关产业技术进步。最后,提出了应对建议,包括加强国际标准化跟踪、实质性参与或主导国际标准编制、增强国际合作以及强化人才培养等措施,以确保中国绝缘评定上下游产业链能够充分利用IEC标准,促进产业技术创新和发展。

基于ProCAST的一模多腔YL112铝合金压铸件数值模拟及工艺优化

针对YL112压铸铝合金一模多铸产品的组织性能均一性需求,采用ProCAST软件对典型一模多铸工艺进行模拟,比较了两种不同充型顺序的压铸方案。结果表明:基于顺序凝固一模多腔压铸件由于充型与凝固过程的温度场分布不均,导致近浇口端铸件出现明显缩松缩孔缺陷,造成铸件性能均一性差。后续采用等流程浇注系统,实现一模多腔铸件同时充型凝固过程,改善了铸件温度场分布,减少了工艺缺陷。经过实际生产验证,获得了组织性能均一性好的压铸件。

小麦TabHLH112-2B基因克隆及每穗小穗数相关功能标记开发

bHLH(basic Helix-Loop-Helix)转录因子在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究克隆了小麦TabHLH112-2B,该基因由7个外显子和6个内含子构成,编码444个氨基酸,在315~364位氨基酸处具有一个典型的HLH保守结构域。组织表达模式分析表明TabHLH112-2B在小麦幼苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和开花期的各个组织中均有表达,其中在叶和根中表达量较高。顺式作用元件分析发现TabHLH112-2B启动子区含有植物激素应答、胁迫响应、与分生组织发育相关的多种顺式作用元件, qRT-PCR结果显示其表达响应ABA、IAA、MeJA等植物激素和干旱、高盐、低温、高温等胁迫处理。基因组序列多态性分析检测到启动子区域的2个SNP,分为2种单倍型。根据SNP-682开发分子标记并进行关联分析,发现该标记与干旱、高温等多种环境下的每穗小穗数显著相关,Hap-2B-2为每穗小穗数多的优异单倍型。研究结果为培育高产广适小麦新品种的分子标记辅助育种提供了优异基因资源和技术支撑。

激光定向能量沉积Al-Mg-Sc-Zr修复5083-H112铝合金的组织和性能

激光定向能量沉积增材修复技术具有时间短、效率高、成本低、力学性能好等优点,具有很大的发展潜力。采用Al-7.5Mg-0.3Sc-0.28Zr作为修复材料对轨道交通用5083-H112铝合金进行激光修复实验,得到了致密、无缺陷的修复试样,并对其组织和性能进行研究,探讨了激光修复铝合金的可行性。结果表明,熔合线附近过渡区可划分为修复区、部分熔化区、热影响区和母材。修复区为完全等轴晶,由平均晶粒尺寸为4.95μm的细晶带和18.34μm的粗晶区组成。从修复区到部分熔化区再到热影响区的过渡区域,Al元素含量逐渐升高,Mg元素含量逐渐下降,硬度逐渐下降,修复后母材未被软化。由于激光增材制造技术的快速凝固,在熔合线附近的细晶带有较大的应力集中,由于较小的热输入在部分熔化区、热影响区的残余应力较小。修复试样的屈服强度为(152±2)MPa,为母材的89.4%;抗拉强度为(305±5)MPa,为母材抗拉强度的100%;伸长率为(15.5±0.5)%,为母材的85.2%;断裂发生在强度较弱的母材。高性能的激光修复铝合金是可实现的,具有广泛的应用前景。

羊口疮病毒ORF112基因缺失毒株的构建及增殖能力分析

利用同源重组技术构建羊口疮病毒(orf virus,ORFV)ORF112基因缺失毒株,为后续研制出高效、安全的ORFV基因工程疫苗提供候选毒株。以ORF112基因为靶基因,通过重叠PCR的方法将左、右同源臂及绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因表达框,进行融合后与pUC19T载体连接,构建出pUC19T-ORFV-ΔORF112-EGFP基因转移载体。将转移载体重组质粒转染到Vero细胞与WT-ORFV基因组进行同源重组。采取有限稀释法和挑取单细胞克隆法,筛选并纯化出纯合的ORFV-ΔORF112-EGFP毒株,并对该基因缺失毒株遗传稳定性和增殖特性等进行研究。结果显示:利用有限稀释和挑取单细胞克隆方法,进行阳性重组病毒纯化,通过PCR验证和测序,成功地获得ORFV-ΔORF112-EGFP重组毒株。该重组毒株在系列传代过程中EGFP稳定表达且无减弱现象。该重组ORFV-ΔORF112-EGFP毒株与野生毒株的复制生长特性基本一致。成功构建并筛选得到纯化的ORFV-ΔORF112-EGFP基因缺失毒株,该毒株具有良好的遗传稳定性和复制能力,为后续ORFV基因工程疫苗的研制提供了候选毒株。

基于In Silicon模拟消化的北极虾DPP-Ⅳ抑制肽活性分析

北极虾具有很高的营养价值,在食品领域已引起越来越多的关注。对北极虾蛋白进行In Silicon模拟消化获得寡肽,通过PeptideRanker活性评分及理化性质分析,从中筛选出具有潜在生物活性的寡肽。使用ToxinPred分析和BIOPEP-UWM生物活性预测,发现部分寡肽具有二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制活性,最终确定WFP(一种三肽,Trp-Phe-Pro)具有最优的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性肽。分子对接表明,WFP和DPP-Ⅳ能够形成稳定的复合物,其结合能为-6.93 kcal/mol,进一步研究表明,WFP通过与DPP-Ⅳ S1、S2、S3三个活性口袋中的9个氨基酸残基发生相互作用而抑制其活性。本研究为阐释北极虾营养价值及生物活性肽的开发提供了理论依据。

Innovative Solutions for High-Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries:Overcoming Challenges and Real-World Applications

Silicon(Si)has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation,leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation.Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance,yet still grapples with issues like pulverization,unstable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)growth,and interparticle resistance.This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes’electrochemical performance via structural engineering,focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites,engineering multidimensional nanostructures,and applying non-carbonaceous coatings.Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li^(+)transport,thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency.We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss.Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications,moving beyond theoretical discussions.It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement,scalability,and commercial feasibility.In conclusion,this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust,high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs.

Silicone oil as a corneal lubricant to reduce corneal edema and improve visualization during

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil(SO)as a corneal lubricant to improve visualization during vitrectomy.METHODS:Patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were divided into two groups.Group 1 was operated on with initial SO(Oxane 5700)as a corneal lubricant.Group 2 was operated on with initial lactated ringer’s solution(LRS)and then replaced with SO as required.Fundus clarity was scored during the surgery.Fluorescein staining was performed to determine the damage to corneal epithelium.RESULTS:Totally 114 eyes of 114 patients were included.Single SO use maintained a clear cornea and provided excellent visualization of surgical image.In group 1,the fundus clarity was grade 3 in 41/45 eyes and grade 2 in 4/45 eyes.In group 2,corneal edema frequently occurred after initial LRS use.The fundus clarity was grade 3 in 19/69 eyes,2 in 37/69 eyes and 1 in 13/69 eyes(P<0.05).SO was applied in 29 eyes of initial LRS use with subsequent corneal edema,which eliminated the corneal edema in 26 eyes.Corneal fluorescein staining score in group 1 was 0 in 28 eyes,1 in 11 eyes and 2 in 6 eyes,and 40,20 and 9,respectively,in group 2(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The use of SO as a corneal lubricant is effective and safe for preserving and improving corneal clarity and providing clear surgical field during vitrectomy.

Regulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and grain quality in early-season indica fragrant rice by nitrogen and silicon fertilization under different plantation methods

Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice.However,the core commercial rice production attributes,namely the head rice yield(HRY)and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content of fragrant rice,under various nitrogen and silicon(N-Si)fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown.The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan).They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments(combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer,0 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si0)and 150 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si1),and three levels of N fertilizer,0 kg N ha^(−1)(N0),150 kg N ha^(−1)(N1),and 220 kg N ha^(−1)(N2))and three plantation methods(artificial transplanting(AT),mechanical transplanting(MT),and mechanical direct-seeding(MD)).The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars.Compared with the Si0N0 treatment,the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents.The rates of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments.The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice,and affected their antioxidant response parameters.The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis.Furthermore,the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity,N use efficiency,and grain quality of fragrant rice.Moreover,high N and Si accumulation directly promoted the 2-AP content or affected the antioxidant response parameters and indirectly regulated 2-AP synthesis.The interactions of the MT method with the N-Si fertilization treatments varied in the fragrant rice cultivars in terms of the HRY and 2-AP content,whereas the MD method was beneficial to the 2-AP content in both fragrant rice cultivars under the N-Si fertilization treatments.

Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

Silicon(Si)is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal reserves.However,large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial applications.Here,we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets(VGSs)grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres,which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix(C/VGSs@Si–C).Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres,VGSs,and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network,which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si,thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode stability.The VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material,which boosts charge transport.The carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density,thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction density.Consequently,C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode conditions.In particular,the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg^(−1)and 1685.5 Wh L^(−1)at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7%of the energy density at 3 C.

高淀粉酿造高粱新品种晋粱112号的选育

晋粱112号是山西农业大学高粱研究所以河北承德市农林科学院(原河北承德地区农科所)引进的不育系承16A为母本,以通过组培育种技术选育的优良恢复系R111为父本,在山西农业大学高粱研究所东白试验基地选育而成,2023年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号为 GPD 高粱(2023)140102。2021-2022年晋粱112号2年适应性试验平均产量达9583.6kg/hm2,比对照晋杂34号平均增产11.7%;生育期128.8d,幼苗绿色,芽鞘绿色,株高169.7cm,穗长30.9cm,穗纺锤形,中紧穗型,红壳褐粒,穗粒重85.5g,千粒重27.8g。该品种具有淀粉含量高、抗旱、抗丝黑穗病、丰产性好等优点,适宜在无霜期130d以上中晚熟地区(山西太原、晋中、长治,山东及新疆昌吉等)种植。

Ultrafast dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced high spatial frequency periodic structures on silicon surfaces

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.

Effect of Silicon Amendment on Growth and Nitrogen Status of Common Landscaping Plants

Agriculture and natural vegetations in South Florida face with significant environmental threats such as heat and saltwater intrusion. This study aimed to investigate how silicon application could improve growth parameters and plant health of landscaping plants under extreme temperatures, influenced by global climate changes. Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), and wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa) plants received an initial slow-release fertilizer of 15 g/pot with an 8N-3P-9K composition. Silicon was applied as a 1% silicic acid solution, with concentrations ranging from 0 g/pot to 6 g/pot of 7.5 L. Evaluations were carried out every 30 days, continuing until 180 days after the treatment was completed. Phenotypic traits, including leaf count and plant height, were assessed alongside measurements from handheld optical non-destructive sensors. These measurements included the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), SPAD-502, and atLEAF chlorophyll meters. Application of 4 g/pot and 6 g/pot of silicon significantly improved NDVI values (0.78). Conversely, cocoplum plants exhibited greater plant height (79.6) at 0 g/pot silicon compared to other treatments. In wild coffee samplings, the control group showed the highest plant height and SPAD readings (93.49) compared to other treatments. Interestingly, the control treatment also demonstrated a superior atLEAF value as compared to other treatments, while the tallest samplings were observed with 6 g/pot of silicon (62.82) in cabbage palm plants. The findings indicate that silicon application positively influenced plant growth, particularly evident in cabbage palms. However, cocoplum and wild coffee exhibited a negative correlation between plant height and silicon concentrations.

‘Jelly to Joule’:Direct laser writing of sustainable jellyfish-based ‘graphenic silicon’ anodes for environmentally remediating high-performance lithium-ion batteries

The ramifications of global climate change and resource scarcities have made it imperative to re-examine the definition of sustainable energy-storage systems.It is crucial to recognize that not all renewable resources are inherently sustainable,and their full impact on the environment must be assessed.With the proliferation of invasive jellyfish species wreaking havoc on marine ecosystems and economies worldwide,utilizing overabundant jellyfish as a carbon source presents an opportunity to create energy-storage systems that are both financially beneficial and environmentally remediating.Accordingly,a comprehensive approach to sustainability also requires eco-friendly solutions throughout the entire lifecycle,from material sourcing to battery production,without compromising highperformance requirements.Currently,most electrode syntheses for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) employed are energy-intensive,multiple-steps,complex,and additive-heavy.In response,this work pioneers the straightforward use of low-energy laser irradiation of a jellyfish biomass/silicon nanoparticle blend to encapsulate the silicon nanoparticles in-situ within the as-forming conductive carbonized matrix,creating sustainable and additive-free composite anodes.The self-standing anode is directly synthesized under ambient conditions and requires no post-processing.Here,a laser-synthesized conductive threedimensional porous carbon/silicon composite anode from raw jellyfish biomass for LIBs is presented,displaying outstanding cyclic stability(>1000 cycles),excellent capacity retention(>50% retention after1000 cycles),exceptional coulombic efficiency(>99%),superb reversible gravimetric capacity(>2000 mAh/g),and high rate performance capability(>1.6 A/g),paving a new path to future sustainable energy production.

Enhancing silicon spectral emission in LIBS using Tesla coil discharge

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is a powerful technique for elemental analysis,offering rapid analysis,minimal sample preparation,wide elemental coverage,and portability.To enhance the detection sensitivity of LIBS,increasing the spectral emission intensity is crucial.This paper explores the use of Tesla coil(TC)discharge as an alternative to spark discharge in silicon LIBS.The study examines the influence of TC discharge on both time-integrated and timeresolved spectra,with and without TC discharge;the corresponding electron temperature and density are obtained.The results show that TC discharge significantly amplifies the spectral intensity,improving signal sensitivity in LIBS analysis.Specifically,in the laser energy range from 7.4 to 24.0 mJ,TC discharge increased the average spectral line intensities of Si(II)385.60 nm and Si(I)390.55 nm by factors of 8.4 and 5.1,respectively.Additionally,the average electron temperature and density were enhanced by approximately 3.2%and 4.2%,respectively,under TC discharge.The advantages of TC discharge include higher energy deposition,extended discharge duration,reduced electrode erosion,and enhanced safety.This research contributes to advancing LIBS technology and expanding its applications in various fields.

The Various Complications Associated with Use of Silicone Oil in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD) Surgery via Three-Port Vitrectomy (3PV): A Retrospective Study at the Ophthalmology Center of Abass Ndao Hospital

Introduction: RRD (Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment) is a separation between the neuroepithelium and the pigment epithelium due to the passage of fluid through a retinal dehiscence. It constitutes a major ophthalmologic emergency. Its management is primarily surgical, either through external or internal approaches, with tamponade using gas or silicone oil. The purpose of this study was to report the various complications associated with the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery. Patients et methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2023, which included all patients who underwent surgery for RRD using three-port vitrectomy (3PV) with tamponade using 1000 centistoke silicone oil (Group 1) and 5000 centistoke silicone oil (Group 2). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and were operated on by the same surgeon. Data analysis was performed using Excel software. Results: Overall, 31 patient files representing 33 eyes were collected, with a mean age of 48.83 years and a sex ratio of 4.16. Group 1 consisted of 16 eyes (48.48%), and Group 2 consisted of 17 eyes (51.51%). The different complications observed were cataracts in all phakic subjects, accounting for 57.57%;ocular hypertonia in 69.69% (27.27% in Group 1;42.42% in Group 2);anterior chamber silicone oil migration in 24.24% (9.09% in Group 1;15.15% in Group 2);recurrence of retinal detachment in 21.21% (6.06% in Group 1;15.15% in Group 2);and silicone oil emulsification in 24.24% (15.15% in Group 1;9.09% in Group 2). Additionally, there was one case of corneal degeneration in Group 1. Conclusion: Silicone oil is an effective tamponade agent used in the treatment of retinal detachments. Close patient follow-up is necessary due to the complications associated with its use, which can occur either early or late after surgery.

From 0D to 3D:Hierarchical structured high-performance free-standing silicon anodes based on binder-induced topological network architecture

Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal issues,a free-standing anode with a"corrugated paper"shape on micro-scale and a topological crosslinking network on the submicron and nano-scale is designed.Essentially,an integrated three-dimensional electrode structure is constructed based on robust carbon nanotubes network with firmly anchored SiNPs via forming interlocking junctions.In which,the hierarchical interlocking structure is achieved by directional induction of the binder,which ensures well integration during cycling so that significantly enhances mechanical stability as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.Benefiting from it,this anode exhibits outsta nding performance under harsh service conditions including high Si loading,ultrahigh areal capacity(33.2 mA h cm^(-2)),and high/low temperatures(-15-60℃),which significantly extends its practical prospect.Furthermore,the optimization mechanism of this electrode is explored to verify the crack-healing and structure-integration maintaining along cycling via a unique self-stabilization process.Thus,from both the fundamental and engineering views,this strategy offers a promising path to produce high-performance free-standing electrodes for flexible device applications especially facing volume effect challenges.

Sol-gel synthesis of nanometer silicon/silicon suboxide/carbon anode material

A stacked Si/SiO_(x)/C composite anode material with carbon-coated structure was prepared by sol-gel method combined with carbothermal reduction using organic silicon.The results of X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis show that the Si/SiO_(x)/C material is a secondary particle with a porous micronanostructure, and the presence of nanometer silicon does not affect the carbothermal reduction and carbon coating.Electrochemical test results indicate that the specific capacity and first coulombic efficiency of SiO_(x)/C composite with nanometer silicon can be increased to 1 946.05 mAh/g and 76.49%,respectively.The reversible specific capacity of Si/SiO_(x)/C material blended with graphite is 749.69 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C,and the capacity retention rate is up to 89.03%.Therefore, the composite has excellent electrochemical cycle stability.