中国人可疑遗传性视神经萎缩患者OPA1基因突变分析及临床特征

目的分析中国人常染色体显性遗传性视神经萎缩（ADOA）OPA1基因突变特点及ADOA患者临床特征。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京同仁医院可疑ADOA患者291例，其中55例家族史明确，236例为散发患者。方法用PCR扩增DNA测序方法检测291例患者OPA1基因28个编码外显子，记录ADOA患者的临床特征。主要指标OPA1基因突变，家族史，发病年龄，视力，眼底表现。结果在291例患者中60例（20．6％）检测到51种OPA1基因致病突变，其中37种为本实验室新发现或首先报道的突变。基因突变中43％（22／51）为错义突变，19％（10／51）为无义突变，14％（7／51）为剪接位点突变，24％（12／51）为缺失或插入。OPA1基因突变主要分布于外显子27和9，频次分别为8和6次；其次为外显子8，26，28，频次均为5次。在60例ADOA患者中，6例（10％）携带相同缺失突变c．2708_2711delTTAG。ADOA患者中男女比例为1．4：1，发病年龄（7．97±7.31）岁（范围3～33岁），女性患者发病年龄小于男性。平均logMAR视力（0．84±0．42）。60例患者均双眼同时发病，眼底表现对称，45例（75％）表现为双眼视盘颞侧色淡，13例（22％）表现为双眼全视盘色淡。结论本研究结果扩大了OPA1基因突变谱，外显子8，9，26．28是ADOA患者OPAl基因突变的热突变区域，对可疑ADOA患者应进行OPA1基因测序。

Toward the implementation of a universal angle-based optical indoor positioning system

There is an emerging market today for indoor positioning systems capable of working alongside global navigation satellite systems, such as the global positioning system, in indoor environments. Many systems have been proposed in the literature but all of them have fundamental flaws that hold them back from widescale implementation. We review angle-of-arrival （AOA） and angle-difference- of-arrival （ADOA） optical indoor positioning systems which have been proven to be robust, accurate, and easily implementable. We build an AOA/ADOA optical indoor positioning system out of a simple commercial high-speed camera and white light light emitting diodes （LEDs） which operate over a working area of 1 m3, and compare its performance to other indoor positioning methods. The AOA and ADOA systems achieve positioning with low errors of 1.2 and 3.7 cm, respectively.