大气氧化能力(AOC)通常是指大气通过氧化过程去除大气中微量气体成分的速率总和。在对流层和近地层大气中,AOC主要表观为对污染气体的清除能力或净化能力,亦称大气氧化性。AOC是地球大气自洁净的核心能力,但一直缺乏对其内涵的深入认知...大气氧化能力(AOC)通常是指大气通过氧化过程去除大气中微量气体成分的速率总和。在对流层和近地层大气中,AOC主要表观为对污染气体的清除能力或净化能力,亦称大气氧化性。AOC是地球大气自洁净的核心能力,但一直缺乏对其内涵的深入认知和对其指标的量化描述。本文作者通过承担国家重点研发计划“区域大气氧化能力与空气质量的定量关系及调控原理”研究等项目,从大气化学基本理论入手,对AOC开展了系列研究,并在其量化表达方面取得了突破性进展。本文将围绕“大气氧化能力量化研究”这一科学问题,对这些进展进行简要的描述。首先在深入认知AOC内涵的基础上,分别从大气化学的热力学和动力学基本原理出发,构建了大气氧化能力表观指数(AOIe)和潜势指数(AOIp),并通过二者归一化指数日变化闭合研究,发现了非均相化学过程对AOC的贡献不容忽视。随着PM2.5污染的加重,无论夏季还是冬季,AOIe亦随之增加,但在冬季AOIp则出现了相反的情景,表现出AOIp的变化受气象条件的影响更大。AOC闭合研究思路用于大气OH自由基的储库分子HONO“未知源”研究,发现了北京大气HONO的重要非均相来源,阐释了MCM(Master Chemical Mechanism)机制对冬季AOC低估的重要原因。AOIp用于预测我国大气臭氧污染潜势格局,发现臭氧光化学生成表观潜势(AOIp_O_(3))与NO_(2)的光解系数[J(NO_(2))]直接相关,全国J(NO_(2))的年均值为4.39×10^(-3)s^(-1),高值区主要分布在四川、贵州、重庆和湖南等地。与其他化学反应氧化性指数对比,AOIe与AOIp组合指数更具准确性、普适性和实用性,可评价已发生的污染过程AOC的变化,亦可预测城市或区域重污染发生的可能性及其变化和格局。展开更多
Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon （AOC） is an important parameter which determi...Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon （AOC） is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P 17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. Z J2, Pseudomonas saponi- phila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density （104 CFU.mL-1） and higher incubation temperature （25℃） could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.展开更多
文摘大气氧化能力(AOC)通常是指大气通过氧化过程去除大气中微量气体成分的速率总和。在对流层和近地层大气中,AOC主要表观为对污染气体的清除能力或净化能力,亦称大气氧化性。AOC是地球大气自洁净的核心能力,但一直缺乏对其内涵的深入认知和对其指标的量化描述。本文作者通过承担国家重点研发计划“区域大气氧化能力与空气质量的定量关系及调控原理”研究等项目,从大气化学基本理论入手,对AOC开展了系列研究,并在其量化表达方面取得了突破性进展。本文将围绕“大气氧化能力量化研究”这一科学问题,对这些进展进行简要的描述。首先在深入认知AOC内涵的基础上,分别从大气化学的热力学和动力学基本原理出发,构建了大气氧化能力表观指数(AOIe)和潜势指数(AOIp),并通过二者归一化指数日变化闭合研究,发现了非均相化学过程对AOC的贡献不容忽视。随着PM2.5污染的加重,无论夏季还是冬季,AOIe亦随之增加,但在冬季AOIp则出现了相反的情景,表现出AOIp的变化受气象条件的影响更大。AOC闭合研究思路用于大气OH自由基的储库分子HONO“未知源”研究,发现了北京大气HONO的重要非均相来源,阐释了MCM(Master Chemical Mechanism)机制对冬季AOC低估的重要原因。AOIp用于预测我国大气臭氧污染潜势格局,发现臭氧光化学生成表观潜势(AOIp_O_(3))与NO_(2)的光解系数[J(NO_(2))]直接相关,全国J(NO_(2))的年均值为4.39×10^(-3)s^(-1),高值区主要分布在四川、贵州、重庆和湖南等地。与其他化学反应氧化性指数对比,AOIe与AOIp组合指数更具准确性、普适性和实用性,可评价已发生的污染过程AOC的变化,亦可预测城市或区域重污染发生的可能性及其变化和格局。
文摘Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon （AOC） is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P 17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. Z J2, Pseudomonas saponi- phila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density （104 CFU.mL-1） and higher incubation temperature （25℃） could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.
