Due to the recent increase in Arctic shipping, 2006-2020 June to October Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 (C6.1), and Mult...Due to the recent increase in Arctic shipping, 2006-2020 June to October Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 (C6.1), and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data were examined for changes in AOD from period 1 (P1, 2006-2012) to period 2 (P2, 2014-2020 (P2). Herein, AOD was statistically analyzed on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid and in the airsheds over the various ocean basins over the Arctic north of 59.75°N. According to heatmaps of the correlation between AOD and ship traffic, and AOD and fire emissions for the airsheds, all three AOD products captured the observed inter-annual variability in wildfire occurrence well, and showed wildfire emissions over Siberia were more severe in P2 than P1. Except for the Atlantic, North, and Baltic Seas, Beaufort Sea, and Barents Sea, all three AOD products indicated that AOD was higher over the various basins in P2 than P1, but disagreed on the magnitude. This fact suggests that the detection of changes in the typical low AOD over the Arctic Ocean might be rather qualitative than quantitative. While all products captured increases in AOD due to ships at berth, only MODIS C6.1 caught the elevated AOD due to shipping on the Siberian rivers. Obviously, sub-daily resolutions are required to capture increased AOD due to short-term events like a traveling ship or short-interval fire.展开更多
The accuracy of the cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP), moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), and Geostationary Ope...The accuracy of the cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP), moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products for the Arctic north of 59.75°N was examined by means of 35 aerosol robotic network (AERONET) AOD sites. The assessment for June to October 2006 to 2020 showed MAIAC AOD agreed the best with AERONET AOD;CALIOP AOD differed the strongest from the AERONET AOD. Cross-correlations of CALIOP AOD along the satellite path indicated that AOD-values 40 km up-and-down the path often failed to represent the AERONET AOD-values within ±30 min of the overpass in this region dominated by easterly winds. Typically, CALIOP AOD was lower than AERONET AOD and MAIAC AOD at the sites, especially, at sites with mean AOD below 0.1. Generally, MODIS AOD values exceeded those of MAIAC. Comparison of CALIOP, MAIAC, and MODIS products resampled on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid revealed differences among the products caused by their temporal and spatial resolution, sample habit and size. Typically, the MODIS AOD-product showed the most details in AOD distribution. Despite differences in AOD-values, all products provided similar temporal evolution of elevated and lower AOD.展开更多
2022年3月31日—4月2日,云南省出现历史同期罕见的寒潮天气过程.通过地面观测资料、高空观测资料和NCEP FNL资料,对此次寒潮过程的成因进行分析,并对欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)...2022年3月31日—4月2日,云南省出现历史同期罕见的寒潮天气过程.通过地面观测资料、高空观测资料和NCEP FNL资料,对此次寒潮过程的成因进行分析,并对欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)模式的形势场及最低气温进行检验.结果表明:此次寒潮过程发生在北极涛动负位相期间,西伯利亚高压偏强,欧亚中高纬形成两槽一脊的环流形势.东亚大槽后侧强劲的偏北风引导低层冷空气南移,南支槽向东移动为云南省输送暖湿气流,700 hPa切变线和地面冷锋的南侵,共同造成了此次寒潮天气过程的发生;此次寒潮过程的强降温是由过程中近地层强冷平流的作用,冷锋后部较强的垂直上升运动,引起绝热膨胀冷却作用,加剧了局地气温的下降;通过定量分析导致昆明局地气温变化的各项因子发现,昆明的降温主要受温度平流项的影响,其次是非绝热项的影响. ECMWF模式能较好地预报此次寒潮过程的高低空环流形势及降温的范围,但对降温强度的预报效果相对较差.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42088101]the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province[grant number KYCX22_1147].
基金the Research Council of Norway through the project COMBINED[grant number 328935]the contribution of Professor Yongqi Gao(1965-2021)to the design of the experimentsThe CAM6-Nor simulations were performed on resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2—the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway(nn2343k,NS9015K).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grants No.41991283]the Research Council of Norway Funded Project BASIC[Grant No.325440]Chinese-Norwegian Collaboration Projects Within Climate funded by the Research Council of Norway(COMBINED)[Grant No.328935].
文摘Due to the recent increase in Arctic shipping, 2006-2020 June to October Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 (C6.1), and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data were examined for changes in AOD from period 1 (P1, 2006-2012) to period 2 (P2, 2014-2020 (P2). Herein, AOD was statistically analyzed on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid and in the airsheds over the various ocean basins over the Arctic north of 59.75°N. According to heatmaps of the correlation between AOD and ship traffic, and AOD and fire emissions for the airsheds, all three AOD products captured the observed inter-annual variability in wildfire occurrence well, and showed wildfire emissions over Siberia were more severe in P2 than P1. Except for the Atlantic, North, and Baltic Seas, Beaufort Sea, and Barents Sea, all three AOD products indicated that AOD was higher over the various basins in P2 than P1, but disagreed on the magnitude. This fact suggests that the detection of changes in the typical low AOD over the Arctic Ocean might be rather qualitative than quantitative. While all products captured increases in AOD due to ships at berth, only MODIS C6.1 caught the elevated AOD due to shipping on the Siberian rivers. Obviously, sub-daily resolutions are required to capture increased AOD due to short-term events like a traveling ship or short-interval fire.
文摘The accuracy of the cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP), moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products for the Arctic north of 59.75°N was examined by means of 35 aerosol robotic network (AERONET) AOD sites. The assessment for June to October 2006 to 2020 showed MAIAC AOD agreed the best with AERONET AOD;CALIOP AOD differed the strongest from the AERONET AOD. Cross-correlations of CALIOP AOD along the satellite path indicated that AOD-values 40 km up-and-down the path often failed to represent the AERONET AOD-values within ±30 min of the overpass in this region dominated by easterly winds. Typically, CALIOP AOD was lower than AERONET AOD and MAIAC AOD at the sites, especially, at sites with mean AOD below 0.1. Generally, MODIS AOD values exceeded those of MAIAC. Comparison of CALIOP, MAIAC, and MODIS products resampled on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid revealed differences among the products caused by their temporal and spatial resolution, sample habit and size. Typically, the MODIS AOD-product showed the most details in AOD distribution. Despite differences in AOD-values, all products provided similar temporal evolution of elevated and lower AOD.
文摘2022年3月31日—4月2日,云南省出现历史同期罕见的寒潮天气过程.通过地面观测资料、高空观测资料和NCEP FNL资料,对此次寒潮过程的成因进行分析,并对欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)模式的形势场及最低气温进行检验.结果表明:此次寒潮过程发生在北极涛动负位相期间,西伯利亚高压偏强,欧亚中高纬形成两槽一脊的环流形势.东亚大槽后侧强劲的偏北风引导低层冷空气南移,南支槽向东移动为云南省输送暖湿气流,700 hPa切变线和地面冷锋的南侵,共同造成了此次寒潮天气过程的发生;此次寒潮过程的强降温是由过程中近地层强冷平流的作用,冷锋后部较强的垂直上升运动,引起绝热膨胀冷却作用,加剧了局地气温的下降;通过定量分析导致昆明局地气温变化的各项因子发现,昆明的降温主要受温度平流项的影响,其次是非绝热项的影响. ECMWF模式能较好地预报此次寒潮过程的高低空环流形势及降温的范围,但对降温强度的预报效果相对较差.
