为分析排气管内压力波动对发动机二冲程制动功率的影响,以某重型柴油机为研究对象,利用GT-Power建立发动机二冲程制动一维模型,通过修改排气型线开展排气道压力波动对制动性能影响的研究。结果表明:第二次减压制动(the second compressi...为分析排气管内压力波动对发动机二冲程制动功率的影响,以某重型柴油机为研究对象,利用GT-Power建立发动机二冲程制动一维模型,通过修改排气型线开展排气道压力波动对制动性能影响的研究。结果表明:第二次减压制动(the second compression release braking,2nd CRB)相位开启时的压力波动会影响到其他气缸的排气回流,进而影响发动机的制动功率。进一步对排气管进行三维流场计算,证明了其他气缸2nd CRB相位排气门开启时的压力波传递对排气回流阶段排气回流的影响。最后通过试验设计(design of experiment,DoE),结合响应面拟合和粒子群算法对排气管几何尺寸进行优化,优化后该柴油机二冲程减压制动模式下2100 r/min工况的最大制动功率可达到395.08 kW。展开更多
Aim: To investigate the roles of the BGR-like gene in testicular development/spermatogenesis. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was hybridized with probes from human adult testes and embryo testes. The different...Aim: To investigate the roles of the BGR-like gene in testicular development/spermatogenesis. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was hybridized with probes from human adult testes and embryo testes. The differentially expressed clones were sequenced and analyzed. Expression of the BGR-like gene was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: A new gene exhibiting 50-fold difference in expression level between adult and fetal human testes was cloned and named the BGR-like gene. The cDNA consisted of 2500 nucleotides and had an open reading frame of 1437 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 497 amino acid residues. Homologous comparison showed that the BGR-like gene was a new alternative splicing variant of the BGR gene and had sequence homology with the bubblegum gene of human, mouse, rat and Drosophilia. Protein motif analysis of the BGR-like gene revealed that it contained a conserved adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-binding domain and a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase signature motif which existed in all acyl-CoA synthetases. The BGR-like gene transcript was imperceptibly expressed in human fetal testes, highly in human adult testes and moderately in elderly testes and human Leydig cells. RT-PCR-based tissue distribution experiments showed that the BGR-like gene was exclusively expressed in testes and was a testes-specific isoform of the BGR gene. A BGR-like gene transcript was not detected in some azoospermic testes. Conclusion: The BGR-like gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis/testicular development and may be correlated with male infertility.展开更多
基于0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种低噪声、高电源电压抑制比(PSRR)的新型带隙基准源(BGR)。使用低噪声的垂直双极结型晶体管取代MOS晶体管作为运算放大器输入,削减了低频闪烁噪声;通过引入三输入的运算放大器将电源扰动传递到电流管的栅...基于0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种低噪声、高电源电压抑制比(PSRR)的新型带隙基准源(BGR)。使用低噪声的垂直双极结型晶体管取代MOS晶体管作为运算放大器输入,削减了低频闪烁噪声;通过引入三输入的运算放大器将电源扰动传递到电流管的栅极,极大程度地降低了电源纹波对输出基准电压的干扰;并通过RC低通滤波器进一步改善噪声和PSRR性能;利用修调电路修调工艺偏差,实现了良好的温度特性。实测结果表明,该BGR的PSRR在57.7 Hz下为-108 d B,与仿真结果基本一致(-102.3 d B@50 Hz);输出电压噪声在10 Hz时为42.20 n V/√Hz,通过新提出的测试方法在0.1~1 k Hz测得总噪声电压有效值低于0.503 5μV;在-40~125℃,基准电压温度系数可以修调至20×10^(-6)/℃以下,最小值仅14.09×10^(-6)/℃;BGR面积为254.1μm×370.0μm,功耗约为8.6μA@3 V。展开更多
根据电子镇流器控制器对基准电源的设计要求,利用不同电流密度下两晶体管基极-发射极电压差的正温度特性,通过镜像电流源方式产生PTAT(proportional to absolute temperature)电流,再结合基极-发射极电压本身的负温度特性产生的电流,形...根据电子镇流器控制器对基准电源的设计要求,利用不同电流密度下两晶体管基极-发射极电压差的正温度特性,通过镜像电流源方式产生PTAT(proportional to absolute temperature)电流,再结合基极-发射极电压本身的负温度特性产生的电流,形成带隙基准电流源。仿真结果表明,该基准源的性能指标能满足系统设计的要求。展开更多
文摘Aim: To investigate the roles of the BGR-like gene in testicular development/spermatogenesis. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was hybridized with probes from human adult testes and embryo testes. The differentially expressed clones were sequenced and analyzed. Expression of the BGR-like gene was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: A new gene exhibiting 50-fold difference in expression level between adult and fetal human testes was cloned and named the BGR-like gene. The cDNA consisted of 2500 nucleotides and had an open reading frame of 1437 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 497 amino acid residues. Homologous comparison showed that the BGR-like gene was a new alternative splicing variant of the BGR gene and had sequence homology with the bubblegum gene of human, mouse, rat and Drosophilia. Protein motif analysis of the BGR-like gene revealed that it contained a conserved adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-binding domain and a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase signature motif which existed in all acyl-CoA synthetases. The BGR-like gene transcript was imperceptibly expressed in human fetal testes, highly in human adult testes and moderately in elderly testes and human Leydig cells. RT-PCR-based tissue distribution experiments showed that the BGR-like gene was exclusively expressed in testes and was a testes-specific isoform of the BGR gene. A BGR-like gene transcript was not detected in some azoospermic testes. Conclusion: The BGR-like gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis/testicular development and may be correlated with male infertility.
文摘基于0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种低噪声、高电源电压抑制比(PSRR)的新型带隙基准源(BGR)。使用低噪声的垂直双极结型晶体管取代MOS晶体管作为运算放大器输入,削减了低频闪烁噪声;通过引入三输入的运算放大器将电源扰动传递到电流管的栅极,极大程度地降低了电源纹波对输出基准电压的干扰;并通过RC低通滤波器进一步改善噪声和PSRR性能;利用修调电路修调工艺偏差,实现了良好的温度特性。实测结果表明,该BGR的PSRR在57.7 Hz下为-108 d B,与仿真结果基本一致(-102.3 d B@50 Hz);输出电压噪声在10 Hz时为42.20 n V/√Hz,通过新提出的测试方法在0.1~1 k Hz测得总噪声电压有效值低于0.503 5μV;在-40~125℃,基准电压温度系数可以修调至20×10^(-6)/℃以下,最小值仅14.09×10^(-6)/℃;BGR面积为254.1μm×370.0μm,功耗约为8.6μA@3 V。
文摘根据电子镇流器控制器对基准电源的设计要求,利用不同电流密度下两晶体管基极-发射极电压差的正温度特性,通过镜像电流源方式产生PTAT(proportional to absolute temperature)电流,再结合基极-发射极电压本身的负温度特性产生的电流,形成带隙基准电流源。仿真结果表明,该基准源的性能指标能满足系统设计的要求。
