改良版加拿大急诊分诊量表在产科急诊分诊中的应用效果

目的探讨改良版加拿大急诊分诊量表(CTAS)在产科急诊中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7月至12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院急诊科就诊的3600名孕妇为研究对象,按照就诊月份将其分为对照组(7、9、11月就诊的孕妇)和观察组(8、10、12月就诊的孕妇),每组1800名。对照组采用常规预检分诊标准,观察组采用改良版CTAS分诊标准进行预检分诊。比较两组分诊级别、等候时间、分诊准确率及满意度。结果两组分诊级别比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级分诊等待时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组分诊准确率及满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良版CTAS分诊标准能明显缩短孕妇等候时间、提高分诊准确率和满意度,可作为产科急诊分诊工具之一。

加拿大原住民冰球中的共同体意蕴

加拿大建国初期,民族主义者通过文化盗用与民族想象完成了身份认同。然而,加拿大“想象的共同体”却无限遮蔽了原住民投注于冰球的精神与文化内涵。作为一种起源于原住民社会的普通运动,原住民冰球彰显出鲜明的共同体特质:作为一种沟通神灵与祖灵的神圣仪式,原住民冰球不仅负载了深厚的民族情感和民族气质,而且也发挥着抵御殖民征服和集体疗愈的现实功能。还原原住民冰球的共同体意蕴,不仅是检视加拿大殖民历史与殖民统治的重要途径,也为发展多元文化和构建人类命运共同体打开了一个全新视角。

《新女郎》中的“去族裔化”书写与加拿大华裔文学新面向

在加拿大多元社会语境、作家“当地人”文学价值表达需求以及全球化大背景等因素的共同影响下,90年代之后的加拿大华裔文学呈现出世界性的批评视野和“去族裔化”的写作趋势。与其他华裔新生代作家在族裔人物框定下探讨多元主题不同,刘绮芬在短篇故事集《新女郎》中直接略去女性人物的族裔标志,借助第一人称模糊叙事导致的不确定性将所有有类似经历的个体联合,为社会中更广泛的弱势群体发声。《新女郎》中的“去族裔化”书写呈现对人类生存超越时代和历史的思考,并以女性视角彰显文学价值,让作品具有了更普遍的人类学意义。但没有文化根基的过度去族裔化和普世性价值追求会让华裔文学陷入超族裔化和泛中心化的危险,刘绮芬借助副文本和故事中未言明的隐性内容显影族裔之影,试图在追求文学审美与坚守加拿大华裔文学民族特性之间找到平衡。

协同供给视角下加拿大华人中文语言生态研究

2021年,加拿大华人数量逾171万,其中以中文为母语的人口逾129万人。如此庞大的华人群体构建出的祖裔语言生态,对于加拿大语言环境和政策的影响不可小觑。对于中文语言生态的构建,除了政府公共教育系统中的中文教育和孔子学院之外,非政府供给主体主要包括中文学校、华人社团、华文媒体、社区中心以及家庭,各主体在加拿大中文教育和文化传播过程中共同构建了“以政府供给为主、社会参与、市场运作、家庭营造”的加拿大中文语言生态协同供给模式。这为华文教育与国际中文教育融合发展以及跨文化交流交融的效能提升创造了优越环境。

加拿大油砂沥青改质加工工艺优化

对加拿大油砂稀释原油进行了常减压蒸馏-溶剂(正戊烷)脱沥青-调和改质加工工艺优化研究。结果表明:萃取温度180℃、剂油比(溶剂与减压渣油的体积比)8∶1、萃取压力4.4 MPa为较优的脱沥青萃取工艺条件;在上述较优条件下制备的脱沥青油与常、减压馏分油按比例调和,并掺加体积分数为16.5%的稀释剂(石脑油)所制得的合成油,不仅满足加拿大管输油的标准要求,还降低稀释剂掺量的45%~52%;而且,所得脱油沥青能够有效改善基质沥青的高温性能,可作为性能优异的硬质沥青改质添加组分。

《加拿大开放教育资源国家倡议框架》的解读与剖析

2023年5月《加拿大开放教育资源国家倡议框架》(简称《框架》)发布,这是加拿大第一个联邦层面的开放教育政策。《框架》总共包括6个部分与5个附录,重点关注法语开放教育资源、土著民开放教育资源和泛加拿大人开放教育资源三类资源。建设主体、资金保障、基础设施以及开放获取是《框架》的核心问题。推动国家层面开放教育资源政策出台,搭建开放教育资源政策体系;激发高校图书馆的开放教育资源建设主体意识,引领开放教育资源发展;关注开放教育资源政策的核心问题,建设特色开放教育资源是《框架》带给我国的启示。

电写时代汉字教学模式的革新与实践——以加拿大小学生“电写”偏误为个案

汉字难写是困扰国际中文教育界多年的难题。电脑、网络以及人工智能的发展让技术赋能中文教学成为常态。“电写”作为解决汉字难写的尝试,近年来引发了国际中文教学界的重点关注。本文以加拿大小学生“拼音打字”的偏误为研究对象,分析出字形、语音、语法、输入法四大类(二十一小类)偏误类型,并对其成因做了探析。据此,我们提出了相应的教学对策,分析了“拼音打字”利弊,进而探析了电写时代国际中文教育的特点。

从Guide to Canadian English Usage(第二版)看加拿大英语特色词汇及其用法

在经济全球化背景下,出于贸易交流、文化传播等活动的需要,世界语言—英语被广泛学习。各国语言学家粗略地把英语分为英国英语和美国英语两大变体。因为美国的强国地位及其好莱坞效应,美国英语在各种场合较之英国英语被更广泛使用。而在与美国接壤的加拿大,一直被语言学家定义为以英国英语为基础,受美国英语强烈影响的加拿大英语仍在全球化背景下保持着自己的语言特色。文章通过对Guide to Canadian English Usage(第二版)的解析,粗略列举加拿大英语中现存的特色词汇并与英、美英语进行比较、分析。

Regional characteristics of sea ice thickness in Canadian shelf and Arctic Archipelago measured by Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements of sea ice thickness including undeformed ice and ridged ice were carried out in the central north Canadian Archipelago in spring 2010. Results have shown a significant spatial heterogeneity of sea ice thickness across the shelf. The undeformed multi-year fast ice of （2.05±0.09） m thick was investigated southern inshore zone of Borden island located at middle of the observational section, which was the observed maximum thickness in the field work. The less thick sea ice was sampled across a flaw lead with the thicknesses of （1.05±0.11） m for the pack ice and （1.24±0.13） m for the fast ice. At the northernmost spot of the section, the undeformed multi-year pack ice was （1.54±0.22） m thick with a ridged ice of 2.5 to 3 m, comparing to the multi-year fast ice with the thickness of （1.67±0.16） m at the southernmost station in the Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea.

Distribution of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in sediment core taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea

The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃.

Analysis of the ecological philosophy reflected in Canadian literature

With the rapid progress of modernization in the human society,the contradiction between economic development and ecological harmony has become a global problem.The Canadian literature contains a lot of ecological philosophy,which includes the love of nature,the care for animals and the spiritual ecology.Literary writers in Canada write about the relationship between man and nature,man and animals as well as the relationship among different people in the society.Under the three perspectives mentioned above,writers reveal many serious ecological problems.Using Canadian Literature as an example,we can dig out some valuable ecological ideas.These are very helpful for us to solve the increasingly serious crisis related to ecology.

胎次、配种季节、背膘厚度、与配公猪品种对加系大约克夏母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验以湖北省某猪场1219窝不同胎次加系大约克夏母猪繁殖记录为基础,分析了不同胎次、配种季节、背膘厚、与配公猪品种对其繁殖性能的影响。结果表明:(1)母猪健仔数和断奶数均以3~4胎次最佳,初生窝重3~4胎次最重,显著高于1、2、5、7、8胎次(P<0.05);弱仔数、畸形数、死胎数及木乃伊数随胎次的增加呈不规律变化;(2)与其他配种季节相比,冬季配种母猪的初生窝重最重,死胎数最低,木乃伊数最高,且差异均显著(P<0.05),但配种季节对健仔数和断奶数的影响不显著(P>0.05);(3)妊娠后期母猪背膘厚度17~20 mm时健仔数和初生窝重最高,14~17 mm时弱仔数和畸形数最低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);(4)除了死胎数和木乃伊数外,与配公猪为长白公猪的母猪健仔数和断奶数均显著高于与配公猪为加系大约克夏公猪的母猪(P<0.05),但对初生窝重、弱仔数和畸形数无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,胎次、配种季节、背膘厚度及与配公猪品种均不同程度地影响加系大约克夏母猪的繁殖性能,其中加系大约克夏母猪3~4胎次、冬季配种、与配公猪为长白公猪及妊娠后期背膘厚度控制在17~20 mm时繁殖性能最佳。

Low ^(210)Pb in the upper thermocline in the Canadian Basin: scavenge process over the Chukchi Sea

210pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spa- tial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin. The specific activities varied from 0.04 to 2.72, 〈0.013 to 4.37, and 0.1 to 4.85 Bq/m3 for dissolved, particu- late, and bulk 210pb, respectively, corresponding to respective averages of 0.65, 0.43, and 1.08 Bq/m3. In the Canadian Basin, the minimum 210pb activities occurred in the thermocline, which was characterized by low temperature of-1.52℃ and salinity of 33.1. Combining the spatial distribution of 210pb and hydrographical characteristics in the western Arctic Ocean, this scenario was ascribed to the effective scavenging of 210pb when the Pacific water flowed across the Chukchi Shelf. Quantitatively, this interpretation was supported by both the shorter residence times and higher scavenging efficiencies （SE） of dissolved 210pb over the Chukchi Shelf. The highest SE values were observed in the Herald Shoal and bottom waters over the slope.

No-core-melt assessment for Canadian-SCWR under LOCA/LOECC

The safety analysis code SCTRAN for SCWR(Super Critical Water Reactor) is modified to own the capability to assess the radiation heat transfer with developing a two-dimensional heat conduction solution scheme and incorporating a radiation heat transfer model. The verification of the developed radiation heat transfer model is conducted through code-to-code comparison with CATHENA. The results show that the modified SCTRAN code is successful for that the maximum absolute error and relative error of the surface temperature between results of SCTRAN and CATHENA are 6.1°C and 0.9%, which are acceptable in temperature prediction. Then,with the modified SCTRAN code, the loss of coolant accident with a total loss of emergency core cooling system(LOCA/LOECC) of Canadian-SCWR is carried out to evaluate its "no-core-melt" concept. The following conclusions are achieved: 1) in the process of LOCA, the decay heat can be totally removed by the radiation heat transfer and the natural convection of the high-temperature coolant, even without an intervention of ECCS(Emergency Core Cooling System); 2) The peak cladding temperature of the fuel pins in the inner and outer rings of the high power group are 1236°C and 1177°C respectively, which are much lower than the melting point of the fuel sheath. It indicates that the Canadian-SCWR can achieve "no-core-melt" concept under LOCA/LOECC.

Cenomanian-Turonian Foraminiferal Zones of West Siberian Province and Their Correlation with Canadian Province

Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016 of the Parusovaya area located in the far north of the province is considered. New information on the foraminiferal zones of this stratigraphic level along with the previously known sections of the Tazovskaya, Purpeiskaya, Van-Eganskaya areas provided an opportunity to carry out a correlation of these zones between the West Siberian and the Canadian provinces (Western Canada, Northern Alaska). The West Siberian Late Cenomanian Trochammina wetteri tumida, Verneuilinoides kansasensis and the Early Turonian Gaudryinopsis angustus foraminiferal zones have their analogues as similar zones in the Canadian province. Due to the provided correlation of the micropalaeontological (foraminiferal) zones, their age in the West Siberian province has been clarified. Besides, similarity of the conditions of dwelling within the boundaries of the entire Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm has been observed.

Regional Climate Index for Floods and Droughts Using Canadian Climate Model (CGCM3.1)

The impacts of climate change on the discharge regimes in New Brunswick (Canada) were analyzed, using artificial neural network models. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM3.1) under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios B1 and A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate change fields (temperatures and precipitation) were downscaled using the delta change approach. Using the artificial neural network, future river discharge was predicted for selected hydrometric stations. Then, a frequency analysis was carried out using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution function, where the parameters of the distribution were estimated using L-moments method. Depending on the scenario and the time slice used, the increase in low return floods was about 30% and about 15% for higher return floods. Low flows showed increases of about 10% for low return droughts and about 20% for higher return droughts. An important part of the design process using frequency analysis is the estimation of future change in floods or droughts under climate scenarios at a given site and for specific return periods. This was carried out through the development of Regional Climate Index (RCI), linking future floods and droughts to their frequencies under climate scenarios B1 and A2.

Geographical distribution of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and Canadian Basin

This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria （GAB） in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The result shows that the determination percentages of the GAB were high, even till 100 percentage. The abundance range and averages of GAB for 4℃and 25℃ were from 4.00 × 10^2 to 2.40× 10^6 , 1.71×10^6 ind.·g^-1 （wet sample ） and from 2.40 ×10^5 to 2.40×10^7 , 1.10×10^7 ind. ·g^-1 （wet sample ） respectively. Not only the abundance range but also the averages of GAB in 25℃ were higher than that in 4℃. The abundance of GAB in sediments show a tendency that it is roughly greater in the lower latitudinal area than in the higher latitudinal area. The abundance of GAB increased from east to west as for the longitudinal distribution. With the water depth increasing, the abundance of GAB at 4℃ decreased, but GBA at 25℃ is not changed obviously with water depth. It seems that warmer circumstantial temperature is more suitable for some GAB.

加拿大油砂非凝析气体辅助SAGD开采特征及影响因素研究

常规SAGD开采蒸汽超覆现象严重、蒸汽腔发育不均匀、后期开发效果差,非凝析气体辅助SAGD开采即SAGP(steam and gas push)可有效改善SAGD开发效果,但SAGP开采机理、开发特征和影响因素仍未完全明确。采用室内实验和数值模拟相结合方法,揭示SAGP开采机理,明确蒸汽腔发育、剩余油分布等开发特征,探讨非凝析气体类型、注入方式、注入时机等因素的影响规律。结果表明:非凝析气体可降低稠油黏度和储层顶部热量损失速率,从而提高稠油可流动性和蒸汽热利用效率;SAGP过程中利用二氧化碳的辅助效果优于甲烷和氮气,尽早注入非凝析气体可形成“椭圆形”蒸汽腔;非凝析气体注入速率为4000 m^(3)/d时效果最好,超过该值非凝析气体会抑制蒸汽腔发育;采用段塞式注入非凝析气体效果优于连续式注入方式,最优段塞长度为2个月。研究结果对于加拿大油砂SAGP高效开发具有重要意义。

加拿大TIA评分预测TIA后缺血性脑卒中风险的价值及其与ABCD2评分的诊断效能比较

目的 探究加拿大TIA评分预测短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发作7 d后发生缺血性脑卒中风险的效能,并与ABCD2评分进行对比。方法 回顾性选取2020年5月至2022年5月在衡水市人民医院急诊收治并确诊的174例TIA患者作为研究对象。以7 d内发生缺血性脑卒中为观察终点。以7 d内发生了缺血性脑卒中为阳性组,7 d内没有发生缺血性脑卒中为阴性组。分别采用加拿大TIA评分和ABCD2评分进行危险分层(加拿大TIA评分,低危:-3~3分,中危:4~8分,高危:9~23分;ABCD2评分,低危:0~3分,中危:4~5分,高危:6~7分),并进行比较。结果 7 d内发生缺血性脑卒中28例(16.1%)。在加拿大TIA评分中,低危27例,中危123例,高危24例,7 d内缺血性脑梗死发生情况:低危1例,中危19例,高危8例,区间似然比分别为0.18、1.11和1.74。ABCD2评分中,低危0例,中危159例,高危15例,7 d内缺血性脑梗死发生情况:低危0例,中危23例,高危5例,区间似然比分别为0、0.87和3.26。加拿大TIA评分受试者曲线的曲线下面积高于ABCD2评分(0.73 vs 0.61,P=0.001)。结论 加拿大TIA评分可以更好预测TIA患者早期发生脑梗死的风险,对控制TIA患者7 d内发生缺血性脑梗死具有重要的临床价值。