早泄是一种常见的男性性功能障碍,国际性医学会(International Society for Sexual Medicine,ISSM)于2010年发表了新的《早泄诊治指南》。新《指南》在早泄的定义、发病机制、基于循证医学的流行病、诊断标准、安全而有效的治疗以及早...早泄是一种常见的男性性功能障碍,国际性医学会(International Society for Sexual Medicine,ISSM)于2010年发表了新的《早泄诊治指南》。新《指南》在早泄的定义、发病机制、基于循证医学的流行病、诊断标准、安全而有效的治疗以及早泄对夫妻的影响等做了论述。通过本《指南》的解读,旨在帮助全科医生和不熟悉性功能障碍治疗的医生更加正确的诊断和治疗早泄。展开更多
目的探讨利益协调软系统方法论(interests-coordination soft systems methodology,ISSM)对构建临床护理人员安全用药体系的指导作用。方法通过深入分析临床用药环境中的不良结构系统特性,提出了采用ISSM构建护理人员安全用药体系的思路...目的探讨利益协调软系统方法论(interests-coordination soft systems methodology,ISSM)对构建临床护理人员安全用药体系的指导作用。方法通过深入分析临床用药环境中的不良结构系统特性,提出了采用ISSM构建护理人员安全用药体系的思路,并运用ISSM的逻辑步骤分析该体系的基本构成。结果 ISSM的应用弥补了硬系统方法论(HardSystemMethodology,HSM)的不足,使临床用药环境中出现的"软问题"能得到及时有效地处理,弥补了传统安全管理设计中的不足,从而有效提高用药质量和效率,确保临床用药安全。结论 ISSM用药体系模式的设计,是提高临床用药安全的有效手段,具有可持续发展性,对护理学科的发展具有积极的意义。展开更多
Organizations implement an information security program for the protection of their information assets. The success of such a program depends primarily on the effective implementation and execution of associated infor...Organizations implement an information security program for the protection of their information assets. The success of such a program depends primarily on the effective implementation and execution of associated information security policies and controls. These policies and controls depend directly upon the resultant behavior and actions of end-users. Hence, end-users play a critical role in the effective implementation and running of an information security program in any organization. However, end-users are often unable to navigate and comprehend the various policies, controls and associated issues. Support to end-users is therefore a vital element, but is often neglected by present information security management systems. In the service industry, support to customers is established as an important determinant of customer perceived service quality. This paper applies the same philosophy to provide support to end-users, who are the customers of the Information Security Service.展开更多
A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soi...A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM), which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems, has been successfully demonstrated to achieve both high crop productivity and high nutrient use efficiency in China, but the effects of ISSM on soil organic C(SOC) characteristics remain unknown. In this study, the effects of current farmers' practice(FP), high-yielding practice(HY), which maximizes yields without considering costs, and ISSM on the content and chemical composition of SOC were studied in a 4-year(2009–2013) field plot experiment with maize(Zea mays L.) monoculture in an Alluvic Primosol in Northeast China. The ISSM resulted in higher soil total organic C(TOC), water-soluble organic C, easily-oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, and humic acid C compared with HY and FP in the region. The SOC contents in aggregate size fractions generally followed a similar pattern to TOC. Compared with FP,HY decreased the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, percentage of > 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregates, and increased the structure-deterioration rate and index of unstable aggregates. The opposite trend was observed between ISSM and HY. Solid-state ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bulk soil showed that ISSM had higher O-alkyl C and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio, but lower aromatic C, carbonyl C, and alkyl C/O-alkyl C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios than HY and FP. Our results suggest that ISSM improves the quantity and quality of SOC and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and aggregate stability.展开更多
文摘早泄是一种常见的男性性功能障碍,国际性医学会(International Society for Sexual Medicine,ISSM)于2010年发表了新的《早泄诊治指南》。新《指南》在早泄的定义、发病机制、基于循证医学的流行病、诊断标准、安全而有效的治疗以及早泄对夫妻的影响等做了论述。通过本《指南》的解读,旨在帮助全科医生和不熟悉性功能障碍治疗的医生更加正确的诊断和治疗早泄。
文摘Organizations implement an information security program for the protection of their information assets. The success of such a program depends primarily on the effective implementation and execution of associated information security policies and controls. These policies and controls depend directly upon the resultant behavior and actions of end-users. Hence, end-users play a critical role in the effective implementation and running of an information security program in any organization. However, end-users are often unable to navigate and comprehend the various policies, controls and associated issues. Support to end-users is therefore a vital element, but is often neglected by present information security management systems. In the service industry, support to customers is established as an important determinant of customer perceived service quality. This paper applies the same philosophy to provide support to end-users, who are the customers of the Information Security Service.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No.2013BAD07B02)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No.201103003)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Jilin Province, China (No.LFGC14301)the Science Research Planning Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province, China (No.2013-64)
文摘A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM), which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems, has been successfully demonstrated to achieve both high crop productivity and high nutrient use efficiency in China, but the effects of ISSM on soil organic C(SOC) characteristics remain unknown. In this study, the effects of current farmers' practice(FP), high-yielding practice(HY), which maximizes yields without considering costs, and ISSM on the content and chemical composition of SOC were studied in a 4-year(2009–2013) field plot experiment with maize(Zea mays L.) monoculture in an Alluvic Primosol in Northeast China. The ISSM resulted in higher soil total organic C(TOC), water-soluble organic C, easily-oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, and humic acid C compared with HY and FP in the region. The SOC contents in aggregate size fractions generally followed a similar pattern to TOC. Compared with FP,HY decreased the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, percentage of > 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregates, and increased the structure-deterioration rate and index of unstable aggregates. The opposite trend was observed between ISSM and HY. Solid-state ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bulk soil showed that ISSM had higher O-alkyl C and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio, but lower aromatic C, carbonyl C, and alkyl C/O-alkyl C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios than HY and FP. Our results suggest that ISSM improves the quantity and quality of SOC and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and aggregate stability.
