目的探讨11种常用中药注射剂不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)的特点和规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,对中国医院数字图书馆的CHKD期刊知识库1994～2008年报道的刺五加、黄芪、参麦等11种常用中药注射剂AD...目的探讨11种常用中药注射剂不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)的特点和规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,对中国医院数字图书馆的CHKD期刊知识库1994～2008年报道的刺五加、黄芪、参麦等11种常用中药注射剂ADR病例进行统计分析。结果引起ADR的主要品种为治疗心脑血管疾病的中药注射剂。ADR在40岁以上的高年龄组发生率较高,多在用药过程中半小时内发生,且ADR类型以过敏性休克为最多,ADR累及器官系统以全身性损害为最高,其次为皮肤及附件损害。各种中药注射剂致ADR在性别年龄、ADR发生时间、ADR类型等又有各自规律与特点。结论临床医务工作者应了解各种中药注射剂所致不良反应的一般规律和特点,加强其应用的监测,以减少ADR的发生。展开更多
Methods and concepts of innovation performance are widely analyzed, discussed, and evaluated. The influence of educational management on the creation of innovative economy is not widely described in literature, howeve...Methods and concepts of innovation performance are widely analyzed, discussed, and evaluated. The influence of educational management on the creation of innovative economy is not widely described in literature, however, procedures of innovation performance include the measures of educational elements. The paper discusses the methodology of European Innovation Scoreboard （EIS） and Innovation Union Scoreboard （IUS） in the aspect of education for innovative economy. Educational indicators in EIS/IUS methodology are quantitative and do not include information about the quality of education. Researchers agreed that innovation processes and economical growth require well-educated and skilled workforce and they assume that skilled workers are on output of the educational system. The measurement system of innovations in Europe includes various economical aspects, allows to observe trends and gives opportunity to improvement for countries and is directed on future educational effects. Quantitative indicators allow to observe trends, educational needs, desires of pupils, and their parents. The efficiency of these indicators is presented on the example of Poland. Educational indicators to improve innovation performance should be very synthetic, but cannot lose important information. The article presents author＇s research on graduate career paths and suggests to include elements of this methodology in the measurement system of innovation economy.展开更多
文摘目的探讨11种常用中药注射剂不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)的特点和规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,对中国医院数字图书馆的CHKD期刊知识库1994～2008年报道的刺五加、黄芪、参麦等11种常用中药注射剂ADR病例进行统计分析。结果引起ADR的主要品种为治疗心脑血管疾病的中药注射剂。ADR在40岁以上的高年龄组发生率较高,多在用药过程中半小时内发生,且ADR类型以过敏性休克为最多,ADR累及器官系统以全身性损害为最高,其次为皮肤及附件损害。各种中药注射剂致ADR在性别年龄、ADR发生时间、ADR类型等又有各自规律与特点。结论临床医务工作者应了解各种中药注射剂所致不良反应的一般规律和特点,加强其应用的监测,以减少ADR的发生。
文摘Methods and concepts of innovation performance are widely analyzed, discussed, and evaluated. The influence of educational management on the creation of innovative economy is not widely described in literature, however, procedures of innovation performance include the measures of educational elements. The paper discusses the methodology of European Innovation Scoreboard （EIS） and Innovation Union Scoreboard （IUS） in the aspect of education for innovative economy. Educational indicators in EIS/IUS methodology are quantitative and do not include information about the quality of education. Researchers agreed that innovation processes and economical growth require well-educated and skilled workforce and they assume that skilled workers are on output of the educational system. The measurement system of innovations in Europe includes various economical aspects, allows to observe trends and gives opportunity to improvement for countries and is directed on future educational effects. Quantitative indicators allow to observe trends, educational needs, desires of pupils, and their parents. The efficiency of these indicators is presented on the example of Poland. Educational indicators to improve innovation performance should be very synthetic, but cannot lose important information. The article presents author＇s research on graduate career paths and suggests to include elements of this methodology in the measurement system of innovation economy.
