Relation of COVID-19 with liver diseases and their impact on healthcare systems:The Portuguese case

BACKGROUND The impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the Portuguese population has been addressed in areas such as clinical manifestations,frequent comorbidities,and alterations in consumption habits.However,comorbidities like liver conditions and changes concerning the Portuguese population's access to healthcare-related services have received less attention.AIM To(1)Review the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare system;(2)examine the relationship between liver diseases and COVID-19 in infected individuals;and(3)investigate the situation in the Portuguese population concerning these topics.METHODS For our purposes,we conducted a literature review using specific keywords.RESULTS COVID-19 is frequently associated with liver damage.However,liver injury in COVID-19 individuals is a multifactor-mediated effect.Therefore,it remains unclear whether changes in liver laboratory tests are associated with a worse prognosis in Portuguese individuals with COVID-19.CONCLUSION COVID-19 has impacted healthcare systems in Portugal and other countries;the combination of COVID-19 with liver injury is common.Previous liver damage may represent a risk factor that worsens the prognosis in individuals with COVID-19.

Conversation Table as an Environment for Re-Signification of Subjectivity and Identities in Portuguese as a Foreign Language

As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.

The Acquisition of English Negatives by a Portuguese Boy

this study provided the strong evidence that L2 learner's development patterns in syntactic structure is very similar to the pattern of L1 learners.L2 and L1 learner pass the similar gradual route to get the TL negative structure.But L2 learners' acquisitional sequences are not completely rigid.Individual learners may be interfered by other social or psychological factors en route and they may take longer than two years and some never travel the whole distance.

An Introduction to An English-Chinese Dictionary and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary Views on the Language and Society in Canton Area From Two Unpublished Official Collative Dictionaries Compiled in the 18th Century

An English-Chinese Dictionary （ 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii） and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary （播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua） are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators （会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan） in Qianlong time （1748）, Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of ＂Canton English＂ and ＂Canton Portuguese＂, even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.

Somatic Condition, Growth and Reproduction of Hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i>L., in the Portuguese Coast

Weight/length relationships, condition factor, gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, conversion factor for gutted to total weight and spawning season of hake in the Portuguese Coast (36.92 to 42.22 degrees latitude N;9.61 to 6.07 degrees longitude W) were investigated for the first time, aiming to fill the lack of information on the biology of hake of the Portuguese waters. Data were obtained from commercial samples collected between 2005 and 2010 and pooled by month. Sex ratio observed in fish below 40 cmwas close to 1:1;females were always dominant above50 cmlength. All the parameters were analysed by month and by sex and by combined sexes. The relationships obtained for combined sexes for the entire period concerning the growth in length and weight were: total length-total weight =0.0038L3.172, total length-gutted weight =0.0052L3.059. The relationship total weight-gutted weight was Wt = 15.8112 + 0.8480Wg and the conversion factor was of 1.1524. The growth rate is similar for both sexes but different when based on total weight or gutted weight. The analysis of the condition factor, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and the monthly distribution of the maturity stages seem to indicate that hake from thePortugueseCoasthas a long spawning season, with three spawning peaks in March, May and August but the start of the spawning season seems independent of the fish length.

Voices From the Periphery？ The Polyphony of Hip Hop and the Portuguese Community

The present work fits into a wider investigation that I have been carrying on for my project on the peculiarities of Portuguese hip hop. Through our reflections today we would like to identify some of the effects of the globalizing forces that have perturbed hip-hop culture and discuss if and how these have influenced its original purposes and messages, or the nature itself of the movement. We would also like to offer our perspective on the consequences of the entrance of hip-hop music in the international marketplace since this passage represents an important moment of its history and development and one of the strongest factors of change within this culture. We will take our examples from the Lusophone, and more specifically the Portuguese, hip bop movement, having a look at what it was in the past----or at its beginning--and at what it is today, in order to understand if we can still consider it a manifestation of peripheral voices.

Mozambique Ports in the 16th Century： Trade Routes, Changes, and Knowledge in the Indian Ocean Under Portuguese Rule

Arriving to the east African coast in the 16th century, Portuguese faced an important and well-structured commercial network dominated by Muslim merchants. Operating throughout the Indian Ocean and in articulation with the inland African trade routes by way of the coastal settlements from Bazaruto up to the north of Mozambique, this network bustled luxury goods and basic goods benefiting either from a network of inter-personal relationships and kinship that supported the whole business, or from an ancestral knowledge on the techniques and particular procedures indispensable to navigating in the Indian Ocean. This trade made the prosperity of small southern ports, like Sofala or Mozambique long before the Portuguese arrival. However, this trade was so much dependent on the network＇s capacity of organisation and the supply demand relation of the goods involved, as well as on other factors such as the political stability of the African kingdoms, the environmental changes that shaped flows and trade routes or the actual knowledge of the region and of the different forms of organization of local communities. By focusing in the ports of Sofala and Mozambique and the information provided by the Portuguese documents we intend to analyse its evolution during the 16th century in order to understand its role in the Indian Ocean commercial network under Portuguese rule.

Some Thoughts on the Portuguese Colonial City and Architecture in Post-Colonial Times

The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the legacy of this architectural/urban heritage. Portuguese colonization in Africa produced more recently, mostly in the period 1950-1975, some vast and great material values, of which seven or eight main cities, including the vast contents of their modern architecture, are striking examples. We can evaluate the most positive aspects with future impact represented by this Portuguese architects＇ practice （cultural ethics, use of modern technology, and service to society） and the architectonic work produced during that era. Although these cities and its architecture were created within a late colonial context of indisputable discrimination, they have prevailed despite wars and circumstantial abandonment. Now they represent a consistent material basis for the modernization and/or revitalization of urban life in these countries. Architects that are at present working and intervening in these countries should understand this ambivalence and complementary nature between the ex-colonial ＂concrete city＂ and the ＂informal city＂ pre- and post-colonial, so that their performance is socially and culturally informed, correct, and positive.

Translation, Adaptation and Validation of a Chinese Medicine Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese

The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire [CCMQ] organizes 9 body constitutions according to Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM]. The translation was realized by a Medical Doctor [MD] specialized in TCM and the back translation by an english-speaking MD. Comprehensibility assessment was performed (N = 40, main scores ranged from 4.20 to 4.95). On the test-retest reliability Cronbach’s alpha was 0.920 in the first application and 0.943 in the second, the intraclass correlation scores ranged between good and excellent (0.6 - >0.80). The results show that the adaptation of the CCMQ is valid and ready to be used.

Study on the Escape of the Portuguese Leasing in Macao from Chinese Criminal Law and the Governance by the Government of the Qing Dynasty

After the Portuguese leased in Macao in the mid-period of Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese officials here were asked to comply with the law of China more than once. To the Qing dynasty, the Portuguese still stubbornly refused to obey the law of China and often escaped from Chinese criminal law using briberies. In the case about Huiqian CHEN and the processing in the end of 1743, the fact that the Portuguese often escaped from the law of China was changed, and the principle of the Chinese judicial officials about processing the murders about Chinese killed by foreigners was explicitly defined. In this principle, Chinese significant compromises and concessions to the Portuguese were also included, but the criminal jurisdiction was ultimately controlled by the Government of the Qing Dynasty. Thus, the foreign-related criminal procedures conforming to foreign conditions were revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty according to the actual circumstances of Macao. However, the foreign-related criminal procedures revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty were not honestly observed by the Portuguese. After several major cases occurred in Macao, security rules and regulations were further issued by the government of the Qing Dynasty, in which the judicial control power of the government of the Qing Dynasty in Macao was unequivocally stated.

A Mayors' Delegation of Portuguese Socialist Party's Visit to China

At the invitation of the Chinese Associa-tion for Intermational Understanding,a may-ors'delegation of the Portuguese Socialists Party,composed of eight members and headed by Mr.Ferraz de Abredu,former President of the Portuguese Socialist Party&.Former Dep-uty-Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Portugal,visited China during the 2nd to the l0th June 1996.The delegation was met re-spectively by Mr.Wei Jianxing,Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Commit-tee&.member of the CPC Secretariat,and Mr.Wan Guoquan,Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and Vice President of the CAFIU.

中国澳门地区在推动中国与葡语国家科技合作中的优势及问题研究

中国与葡语国家科技交流合作,对推动形成全球开放创新生态、构建人类命运共同体具有重要意义。中国澳门地区作为中国内地与葡语国家之间的“超级联系人”,在创新资源链接、科技人文交流、科技成果转化等方面扮演至关重要的角色。从中国与葡语国家科技合作现状和必要性入手,分析了中国澳门地区在推动中国与葡语国家科技合作中开放包容的经济文化环境、与葡语国家各领域的密切交往以及双向合作平台优势,梳理了中国澳门地区在对接科技交流合作中面临的葡语国家发展差异化、中国澳门地区本土科技创新存在短板、中国-葡语系国家技术交流合作中心作用有待发挥等问题,探究在粤港澳大湾区建设背景下,中国澳门地区推动中国与葡语国家科技合作的对策与建议。

Contributions of World Literatures in Portuguese to the Academic Field

As one considers the concept of comparative world literature,one may ponder on how widening the perspective from an all-English area of studies to other languages promotes different worldviews and descriptions of the status quo.In this article,we take into consideration the perspective of literature written in Portuguese,be it European,Brazilian,African of even Asian,in order to demonstrate how rich such other points of view are for the discipline.We also engage the concept of defamiliarization(ostranenie),proposed by Russian Formalist,Viktor Shklovsky,as a central tool to consider cosmopolitanism and the dialogue between different literatures.

葡语系岛国语言政策与国家认同建构悖论

语言是人类情感交流与信息传递的重要载体,在现代国家建构中,语言是建构国家认同的重要因素,实施统一的语言政策是建构现代国家认同的重要举措。1974年葡萄牙政府实施“去殖民化”以来,佛得角、圣多美和普林西布以及东帝汶先后独立,开始国家认同建构的探索。上述国家均选择了通过语言政策实施以建构后殖民时期国家认同的路径,实施了不同的语言政策,但通过研究可以发现,上述国家的语言政策具有三方面的共同点:葡萄牙语作为建构国家认同的重要基础、主体族群语言的地位弱化以及群体性语言出现代际差异。本文认为,在一定程度上而言,葡语系岛屿国家在后殖民时期所实施的语言政策与建构国家认同的愿景之间呈现相悖的态势,语言政策的实施并未能服务于国家认同建构的实践。

形状文法视角下葡式瓷砖画纹样的创新设计与应用

为创新设计葡式瓷砖画纹样,形成更具城市地域性、文化内涵性的文创产品,保留纹样艺术之美,促进文化传承,提升文创产品经济价值。文章通过文献研究法对澳门葡式瓷砖画进行研究,归纳其纹样图案特征、构成形式和色彩特征。运用形状文法提取核心元素,生成基本图形单元,根据生成性规则和衍生性规则演变形成新的纹样,并将之运用于澳门地区文创产品设计之中。得到创新文创产品。初步验证形状文法对葡式瓷砖画纹样创新设计的可行性,为传统纹样的创新设计应用提供了新的思路。

认知与协同:中国澳门青年对中葡平台的认知及影响研究

本文通过定量与定性结合的方式考察了中国澳门青年对中葡平台的认知,发现中国澳门青年对中葡平台的积极评价多于消极评价,这与中葡平台的接触频率、跨境频率以及社会资本等因素的影响有关。中国澳门青年对中葡平台的积极利用与高度评价表明,频繁地与中葡平台接触以及跨(国)境流动能够促进他们产生对中葡平台的积极评价。同时,中国澳门青年不仅可以充分利用中葡平台“走出去”与“引进来”,在流动中获得诸多就业创业的机会,还可以增强他们作为中华民族一员的自信心和自豪感,增进他们对国家的认同。因此,中葡平台的不断完善与发展,不仅推动了我国高水平对外开放格局的形成,而且也让中国澳门青年有机会利用该平台连接澳门地区、内地与葡语国家并从中获取资源实现自身发展,对中国澳门青年融入国家发展大局具有重要推动作用。

阴道分泌物分离出葡萄牙假丝酵母菌一株报告

葡萄牙假丝酵母菌性阴道炎在临床较为罕见,本文报道1例由葡萄牙假丝酵母菌(Candida lusitaniae,CL)引起外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)的患者。本例患者为40岁女性,主要临床表现为月经前外阴瘙痒、白带增多、反复半年。将患者阴道分泌物直接涂片分别进行免疫荧光染色、革兰染色、瑞氏染色,镜检找到真菌孢子,CHROMagar显色平板鉴定为光滑假丝酵母菌,梅里埃VITEK-2 Compact全自动微生物分析系统鉴定为CL。该病例的诊治过程提示,CL实验室诊断易与其他假丝酵母菌混淆,为防止漏报或错报,对于难治病例需要考虑少见菌株感染可能。

跨境电商物流企业运营绩效评价及改进策略研究

随着全球化的快速发展,跨境电商市场持续扩大。物流作为跨境电商的重要组成部分,不仅需要满足快速、准确的配送需求,还要应对复杂的跨国运输规定和政策限制。由于其特殊性和复杂性,传统的物流绩效评价方法难以完全满足跨境电商物流的评估需要。同时,随着市场环境和消费者需求的快速变化,跨境电商物流企业亟需对自身的运营绩效进行准确评估,并探寻改进效率和升级服务的策略。因此,文章针对葡语国家跨境电商物流企业的运营绩效评价及其改进策略进行深入研究,以期为业界提供有针对性的改进建议。

16—18世纪澳葡、荷兰人、日本人运出的日本白银考述

日本是近代亚洲最主要的白银输出国。通过梳理相关史料及西方和日本学者的研究成果,从17世纪赴日贸易的澳葡、荷兰商船入手,考证16—18世纪澳葡、荷兰商船从日本运出的白银数量,以及日本朱印船从长崎运出的白银数额。在此基础上,分析中外学者以往结论的可靠性,兼及日本白银输出对亚洲区间贸易的影响。

语言传播视域下葡萄牙语推广路径及其启示

葡萄牙语是横跨欧洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的全球主要语言之一,目前国内对葡萄牙语传播的相关研究较少。随着通往亚洲新航路的开辟,葡萄牙语随着海上贸易与殖民扩张推广到葡属殖民地。从殖民地时期的语言同化教育,再到葡萄牙语被推广成为今天葡萄牙政府外交政策的重要组成部分,葡萄牙语传播路径呈现出不同的时代特点。在党的二十大提出加强国际传播能力建设的时代背景下,葡萄牙语推广的成功经验将为我国中文国际传播提供有益参考,促进中葡两国文明交流互鉴。