The biofouling of RO （Reverse Osmosis） system is one of the most common problems in highly contaminated demineralization and wastewater reuse system. The biological fouling occurs due to the bacteria growth and prol...The biofouling of RO （Reverse Osmosis） system is one of the most common problems in highly contaminated demineralization and wastewater reuse system. The biological fouling occurs due to the bacteria growth and proliferation under nutritive environment, resulting in a dramatic increase of dP （differential pressure） in the RO system, which requires frequent system shutdown for cleaning. This paper discusses the effectiveness of low-dP RO element and periodic flushing on the biofouling scheme of industrial steel mill wastewater reuse system. The low-dP RO element is able to provide low RO system dP, which is expressed to be lower biofouling starting point during the industrial system operation. However, the periodic flushing utilizes fresh water to remove the biofilm deposit along with feed channel. The long term operation performance demonstrated strong caustic is effective in removing the biofilm and recovering RO system performance. It is experimentally validated that, in the case of a high biofouling environment, low-dP RO element and periodic flushing is able to extend the cleaning cycles by 36.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, a joint application of both methods is proven to improve the biofouling control and extend the cleaning cycle by 62.5%, as compared to standard RO technology.展开更多
目的研究逆转录酶抑制剂(AZT)对卵巢癌细胞 HO-8910端粒酶活性及生长的影响。方法采用 TRAP-ELISA 方法检测卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞在 AZT 作用前后端粒酶活性的变化,用 MTT 分析法对不同浓度 AZT 作用的卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞进行药物敏感实验...目的研究逆转录酶抑制剂(AZT)对卵巢癌细胞 HO-8910端粒酶活性及生长的影响。方法采用 TRAP-ELISA 方法检测卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞在 AZT 作用前后端粒酶活性的变化,用 MTT 分析法对不同浓度 AZT 作用的卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞进行药物敏感实验,透射电镜观察其细胞超微结构的变化,流式细胞仪测定凋亡细胞含量。结果 AZT 作用后的 HO-8910细胞端粒酶活性明显受抑制,且对细胞的生长有抑制作用,并有时间依赖关系和剂量依赖关系。形态学超微结构显示细胞器扩张和肿胀,核染色质边集。流式细胞仪检测凋亡峰含量为14.2%。结论 AZT 能明显抑制卵巢癌细胞的端粒酶活性及卵巢癌细胞的增殖,因而为卵巢癌和其它肿瘤的治疗尝试一种新的有效的方法。展开更多
Within today＇s product development process, various FE-simulations （finite element） for the functional validation of the desired characteristics are made to avoid expensive testing with real components. Those simul...Within today＇s product development process, various FE-simulations （finite element） for the functional validation of the desired characteristics are made to avoid expensive testing with real components. Those simulations are performed with great effort for discretization, use of simulations conditions, like taking different non-linearities （i.e., material behavior, etc.） into account, to create meaningful results. Despite knowing the effects of deformations occurring during the production processes, always the non-deformed design model of a CAD-system （computer aided design） is used for the FE-simulations. It seems rather doubtful that further refinement of simulation methods makes sense, if the real manufactured geometry of the component is not considered for in the simulation. For an efficient exploit of the potential of simulation methods, an approach has been developed which offers a geometry model for simulation based on the existing CAD-model but with integrated production deviations as soon as a first prototype is at hand by adapting the FE-mesh to the real, 3D surface detected geometry.展开更多
文摘The biofouling of RO （Reverse Osmosis） system is one of the most common problems in highly contaminated demineralization and wastewater reuse system. The biological fouling occurs due to the bacteria growth and proliferation under nutritive environment, resulting in a dramatic increase of dP （differential pressure） in the RO system, which requires frequent system shutdown for cleaning. This paper discusses the effectiveness of low-dP RO element and periodic flushing on the biofouling scheme of industrial steel mill wastewater reuse system. The low-dP RO element is able to provide low RO system dP, which is expressed to be lower biofouling starting point during the industrial system operation. However, the periodic flushing utilizes fresh water to remove the biofilm deposit along with feed channel. The long term operation performance demonstrated strong caustic is effective in removing the biofilm and recovering RO system performance. It is experimentally validated that, in the case of a high biofouling environment, low-dP RO element and periodic flushing is able to extend the cleaning cycles by 36.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, a joint application of both methods is proven to improve the biofouling control and extend the cleaning cycle by 62.5%, as compared to standard RO technology.
文摘目的研究逆转录酶抑制剂(AZT)对卵巢癌细胞 HO-8910端粒酶活性及生长的影响。方法采用 TRAP-ELISA 方法检测卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞在 AZT 作用前后端粒酶活性的变化,用 MTT 分析法对不同浓度 AZT 作用的卵巢癌 HO-8910细胞进行药物敏感实验,透射电镜观察其细胞超微结构的变化,流式细胞仪测定凋亡细胞含量。结果 AZT 作用后的 HO-8910细胞端粒酶活性明显受抑制,且对细胞的生长有抑制作用,并有时间依赖关系和剂量依赖关系。形态学超微结构显示细胞器扩张和肿胀,核染色质边集。流式细胞仪检测凋亡峰含量为14.2%。结论 AZT 能明显抑制卵巢癌细胞的端粒酶活性及卵巢癌细胞的增殖,因而为卵巢癌和其它肿瘤的治疗尝试一种新的有效的方法。
文摘Within today＇s product development process, various FE-simulations （finite element） for the functional validation of the desired characteristics are made to avoid expensive testing with real components. Those simulations are performed with great effort for discretization, use of simulations conditions, like taking different non-linearities （i.e., material behavior, etc.） into account, to create meaningful results. Despite knowing the effects of deformations occurring during the production processes, always the non-deformed design model of a CAD-system （computer aided design） is used for the FE-simulations. It seems rather doubtful that further refinement of simulation methods makes sense, if the real manufactured geometry of the component is not considered for in the simulation. For an efficient exploit of the potential of simulation methods, an approach has been developed which offers a geometry model for simulation based on the existing CAD-model but with integrated production deviations as soon as a first prototype is at hand by adapting the FE-mesh to the real, 3D surface detected geometry.
