瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击对SBR系统污染物去除的影响

探究了瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击对SBR系统污染物去除效果的影响,在反应运行的第19、33、45天,通过提高单周期瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N质量浓度至41.05、60.02、80.15 mg/L,对SBR系统进行冲击。结果表明,进水NH4+-N质量浓度从41.05 mg/L增加到80.15 mg/L时,COD、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N去除效果没有明显变化,TN出水质量浓度从10.25 mg/L增加到21.49 mg/L,TN的出水变高主要受碳源不足的影响。三次瞬时NH4+-N冲击负荷下,NH4+-N降解速率基本不变。三次瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击负荷下,SBR系统中EPS总量对比常负荷运行时,均有所提高,且PN的含量在增加,PS的含量先升高后降低。而PN和PS含量的变化,在一定程度上会对活性污泥的絮凝造成影响,导致活性污泥粒径逐渐减少。系统在受到瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击后,TN出水会有所提高,但是经过一个周期的运行便可以恢复。

SBR处理大蒜废水影响因素和微生物群落特征

采用AO工艺,利用SBR反应器,以高浓度大蒜废水(COD>7 000 mg/L)为对象,基于控制变量法探究曝气量、进水pH、搅拌速度对污染物去除效果的影响,明确微生物功能菌群和多样性对污染物降解的作用。曝气量和进水pH对污染物去除效果影响显著。系统中以具有脱氮除磷降解有机物功能的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主,两者总体细菌相对丰度分别达到了97.82%和98.41%,明显高于接种污泥的56.48%。科水平A2、A3和A1的样本间距离分别为0.894 05和0.875 83,说明其在物种丰度分布上有较大差异,A2、A3中的优势菌科与A1中的优势菌科相差甚大。A2和A3前9类优势菌科基本一致,但其样本间距离为0.233 72,说明物种丰度分布略有差异,两个反应器处理效果会略有不同。A2和A3具有多种功能,其中化能异养和需氧化能异养作用的功能丰度均大于30%。SBR反应器在曝气量为0.3 L/min,进水pH为7.0,搅拌速度为70 r/min的条件下,污染物去除率达到92%以上。

丁苯橡胶SBR1502无磷配方胶乳凝聚研究

为满足日益严格的环保要求,降低丁苯橡胶生产污水中磷含量,吉林石化公司开发了丁苯橡胶无磷配方生产技术。本文分别从凝聚排放废水中的磷含量、凝聚工艺、产品物性等几方面讨论无磷配方对丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚的影响。实验结果表明,采用无磷配方,丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚后,母液中的磷含量接近于零,完全满足环保排放要求。随着无磷电解质的加料量和凝聚时硫酸消耗量的增加,凝聚速度加快。采用无磷配方胶乳凝聚后,凝聚胶粒的粒径比采用有磷配方的略小。通过降低凝聚搅拌转速,可以避免无磷配方中凝聚胶粒的粒径过小。同时,无磷配方对丁苯橡胶SBR1502产品物性的影响较小,即采用无磷配方,丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚产品性能与采用有磷配方的产品性能相当。

铊短期暴露对SBR活性污泥性能的影响

以序批式活性污泥(SBR)工艺为例,从脱氮除磷性能、微生物及酶活性等方面研究了Tl暴露浓度对活性污泥性能的短期扰动及其恢复行为.结果表明:活性污泥的脱氮除磷性能和COD去除均易受Tl的影响.当Tl为500µg/L时,脱氮除磷被抑制,但Tl暴露消除后,性能可恢复.而当Tl为1000µg/L时,尽管除磷效率可恢复至65%,但脱氮过程完全被抑制且不可逆.低浓度Tl提高了COD去除率且高浓度Tl对COD去除的影响是可逆的.此外,200µg/L的Tl提高了微生物活性,但1000µg/L的Tl会导致过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶相对产量分别降低至71.9%和30.8%,极大抑制了微生物活性;比耗氧速率对Tl的存在与消失均很敏感,可作为污水处理厂Tl暴露的指示指标.傅里叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表征结果表明,Tl与游离态胞外聚合物的羟基结合或由Tl^(+)氧化成Tl^(3+),可能是活性污泥降低Tl对其细胞毒性的作用机制.因此Tl短期暴露时,需增强活性污泥的脱氮除磷性能并强化其除Tl能力,以确保污水处理厂稳定运行.本研究揭示了Tl短期暴露对活性污泥系统的潜在影响并提出了应对措施.

臭氧氧化在乙醇SBR出水资源化中的应用研究

为节约水资源,降低生产成本,该研究提出将序批式活性污泥法(sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process,SBR)出水回用于乙醇生产拌料工序。实验结果表明,SBR出水直接回用将导致乙醇发酵被抑制,对SBR出水进行臭氧氧化处理20 min后,SBR出水回用乙醇发酵的抑制性完全解除。研究证明NO_(2)-是SBR出水中的主要抑制物,当NO_(2)-质量浓度达到5 mg/L时就会对发酵产生抑制,表现为酵母细胞数减少且死亡率升高,细胞形态被破坏,对葡萄糖的利用率降低。转录组学研究结果表明,酵母细胞经NO_(2)-胁迫处理后,三羧酸循环与磷酸戊糖途径通量减小,使细胞代谢被抑制,生命活动减弱,因而抑制乙醇发酵。

Sasobit/SBR复合改性沥青流变性能研究

为了得到一种兼顾高低温性能且环境友好的复合改性沥青,研究选用Sasobit与SBR两种材料作为改性剂,制备得到一种高低温性能兼顾的复合改性沥青。通过对不同掺配比例(Sasobit掺量为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%;SBR掺量为0%、3%、4%、5%、6%)复合改性沥青老化前后的流变性能进行研究,确定了Sasobit/SBR复合改性沥青的最佳掺配比例,利用红外光谱实验研究复合改性沥青的改性机理,并利用荧光显微镜观察改性剂在沥青中的分散情况。研究结果表明:Sasobit的加入会提高沥青的高温流变性能,降低沥青的低温性能;SBR的加入会提高沥青的低温流变性能,对高温流变性能的提升不明显。在兼顾经济性的情况下,复合改性沥青的最佳掺配比例为3%Sasobit+5%SBR。红外光谱分析表明,复合改性沥青的改性机理为物理改性,两种改性剂在沥青中分布均匀,有交联结构产生。

基于改进SBR技术的地面目标SAR图像快速生成技术

传统的弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray,SBR)技术主要适用于自由空间目标的电磁散射计算,当用于地面目标与背景复合场景的电磁散射计算和合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像建模与仿真时,在小擦地角下其计算误差显著增大。针对此问题,提出了一种基于“四路径”模型的改进SBR技术,其考虑了目标与邻域地面之间的多次反射效应以及目标与远区地面之间的多径散射效应对地面目标散射回波的影响。首先构建一个尺寸略大于目标包围盒的粗糙地面实体模型;然后结合“镜像法”改进射线追踪技术,分析电磁波在目标各部件间、目标同实体地面之间以及同虚拟半空间分界面之间的射线传播过程;最后结合高频渐近方法完成电磁散射计算。利用精确数值法计算结果对所提出技术进行了验证,并将其应用于地面目标的SAR图像高逼真度仿真,同实测SAR图像比对表明了所提技术具有良好的适用性。

纳米ZnO/SBR复合改性乳化沥青及其微表处混合料性能

为了研究纳米ZnO与SBR对乳化沥青的复合改性效果和路用性能,开展了纳米ZnO/SBR复合改性乳化沥青的性能表征与评价工作,研究纳米ZnO掺量对乳化沥青以及微表处混合料路用性能的影响。研究表明,纳米ZnO对乳化沥青的流体特征(粒度、模量等)产生了明显影响,纳米ZnO掺量为2%、3%时提高了残留物的软化点、不可回复柔量和SPG等级等高温性能;纳米ZnO掺量为0~3%时,乳化沥青的高温等级均能达到SPG70。纳米ZnO改性乳化沥青应用于微表处混合料时,表现出破乳速度快、混合料早期强度高的特点;当纳米ZnO掺量大于2%后,乳化沥青稀浆料的工作性下降,破乳无法控制。

SBR脱氮除磷最佳运行工况的探究

为探究SBR工艺处理城市生活污水的最佳反应工况,采取“进水-好氧-缺氧-厌氧-好氧-沉淀-排水-闲置”的工艺流程,将脱氮除磷过程分离开来,对分段进水最佳流量比和各阶段最佳反应时间进行研究。结果表明:对于总磷和COD的去除,A进水模式(流量比为7∶3)去除率最高,分别为83.69%和91.64%;对于总氮和氨氮的去除,C进水模式(流量比为9∶1)的进水方式去除率最高,分别为83.40%和93.50%。同时,研究发现有效反应时间为12 h时为脱氮除磷的最佳运行工况。

分段进水对SBR工艺脱氮除磷性能的研究

为解决传统SBR工艺处理城市污水时存在反硝化菌与聚磷菌竞争碳源、脱氮除磷效果不佳的问题,本通过“好氧-缺氧-厌氧-好氧”,将脱氮除磷过程分离开来,并对分段进水进行研究。结果表明:有效反应时间为12h时效果最好,而分段进水流量比对COD的去除没有明显差异,流量比为9∶1时总氮和氨氮的去除效率最高,可分别达到83.40%和93.50%,流量比为7∶3时总磷去除效率最高,可达到83.68%,大大提高了脱氮除磷效果。

An ionic liquid-assisted strategy for enhanced anticorrosion of low-energy PEO coatings on magnesium–lithium alloy

A low-energy plasma electrolytic oxidation(LePEO)technique is developed to simultaneously improve energy efficiency and anti-corrosion.Ionic liquids(1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(BmimBF_(4)))as sustainable corrosion inhibitors are chosen to investigate the corrosion inhibition behavior of ionic liquid(ILs)during the LePEO process for LA91 magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li)alloy.Results show that the ionic liquid BmimBF_(4)participates in the LePEO coating formation process,causing an increment in coating thickness and surface roughness.The low conductivity of the ionic liquid is responsible for the voltage and breakdown voltage increases during the LePEO with IL process(LePEO-IL).After adding BmimBF_(4),corrosion current density decreases from 1.159×10^(−4)A·cm^(−2)to 8.143×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2).The impedance modulus increases to 1.048×10^(4)Ω·cm^(−2)and neutral salt spray remains intact for 24 h.The superior corrosion resistance of the LePEO coating assisted by ionic liquid could be mainly attributed to its compact and thick barrier layer and physical absorption of ionic liquid.The ionic liquid-assisted LePEO technique provides a promising approach to reducing energy consumption and improving film performance.

Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

环保增塑剂在SSBR/BR/NR共混胶配方中的应用

溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)和白炭黑配方体系可以使轮胎具备较低的滚动阻力和较高的抗湿滑性能,但配方中通常使用芳烃油等传统增塑剂。由于其含有致癌的苯环将会严重危害人体健康和环境,本研究选用油酸钾作为绿色环保的增塑剂,探究油酸钾取代芳烃油对SSBR/顺丁橡胶(BR)/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料门尼黏度、硫化特性、力学性能、防老化性能、动态机械性能以及Payne效应的影响。结果表明,与原配方相比,当使用3份(质量份,下同)油酸钾替换7.5份芳烃油时,Payne效应最弱,门尼黏度降低6%;抗张积系数和老化系数提升了5%和8%;胶料的可加工性能、填料的分散等级、抗湿滑性能与滚动阻力均达到最佳,同时实现节能环保、降低成本。

预交联时间对SBR/POE共混硫化胶性能的影响

本文考察了在BIPB硫化体系下不同POE相预交联时间对SBR/POE各共混硫化胶特性及硫化胶的物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,在SBR、POE共硫化体系当中,对POE分别预硫化0 min、2 min、4 min、6 min、8 min,随着预交联时间的增加,SBR/POE的交联密度先上升后下降;当预交联时间为6 min时,物理机械性能最佳,且耐老化性能优异,综合老化后的拉伸强度与扯断伸长率要比未预硫化或其他预硫化时间的共混硫化胶性能好。

Liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces for an active photonic platform

Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical components.To solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adjustable birefringent in real time.Here,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral tuning.Compared to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated metasurfaces.At the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving LCs.We hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.

Circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy: Current diagnostic limitation

With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great potential to become an important part of precision medicine.cfDNA is the total amount of free DNA in the systemic circulation,including DNA fragments derived from tumor cells and all other somatic cells.Tumor cells release fragments of DNA into the bloodstream,and this source of cfDNA is called circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA).cfDNA detection has become a major focus in the field of tumor research in recent years,which provides a new opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.In this paper,we discuss the limitations of the study on the origin and dynamics analysis of ctDNA,and how to solve these problems in the future.Although the future faces major challenges,it also con-tains great potential.

Corrosion behavior of pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H SS and GH3535)in liquid GaInSn

In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage systems.The results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid GaInSn.Ga-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal materials.The corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.

Ionic liquid derived electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting

Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy,which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction(HER and OER).Ionic liquids(ILs)or poly(ionic liquids)(PILs),containing heteroatoms,metal-based anions,and various structures,have been frequently involved as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for water splitting.Moreover,ILs/PILs possess high conductivity,wide electrochemical windows,and high thermal and chemical stability,which can be directly applied in the electrocatalysis process with high durability.In this review,we focus on the studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER,where ILs/PILs are applied as heteroatom dopants and metal precursors to prepare catalysts or are directly utilized as the electrocatalysts.Due to those attractive properties,IL/PIL-derived electrocatalysts exhibit excellent performance for electrochemical water splitting.All these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully discussed.Then,the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts are provided.

Transient liquid phase bonding of DD5 superalloy using a designed interlayer: microstructure and mechanical properties

Nickel based single crystal superalloy is currently widely used as the material for turbine blades in aerospace engines.However,metallurgical defects during the manufacturing process and damage during harsh environmental service are inevitable challenges for turbine blades.Therefore,bonding techniques play a very important role in the manufacturing and repair of turbine blades.The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of DD5 Ni-based single crystal superalloy was performed using the designed H1 interlayer.A new third-generation Ni-based superalloy T1 powder was mixed with H1 powder as another interlayer to improve the mechanical properties of the bonded joints.The res-ults show that,such a designed H1 interlayer is beneficial to the improvement of shear strength of DD5 alloy bonded joints by adjusting the bonding temperature and the prolongation of holding time.The maximum shear strength at room temperature of the joint with H1 interlayer reached 681 MPa when bonded at 1260℃for 3 h.The addition of T1 powder can effectively reduce holding time or relatively lower bond-ing temperature,while maintaining relatively high shear strength.When 1 wt.%T1 powder was mixed into H1 interlayer,the maximum room temperature shear strength of the joint bonded at 1260℃reached 641 MPa,which could be obtained for only 1 h.Considering the bonding temperature and the efficiency,the acceptable process parameter of H1+5 wt.%T1 interlayer was 1240℃/2 h,and the room tem-perature shear strength reached 613 MPa.