The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing ...The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing and immunoinhibitory effects have been reported in human and mouse systems. We have previously reported the following: 1) murine B7-H3 specifically bound to Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-like transcript 2 (TLT-2, TREML2), a member of the TREM family of receptors;and 2) the B7-H3:TLT-2 pathway up-regulated T cell responses. However, the expression and function of human TLT-2 has not yet been clarified. A recent study found no evidence to support the existence of an interacttion between human B7-H3 and TLT-2. In this study, we demonstrated that human B7-H3 binds to TLT-2 and augments T cell responses. Human and mouse B7-H3Ig chimeric proteins cross-interacted with both human and mouse species of TLT-2-transduced cells. Human TLT-2 was expressed on freshly isolated, peripheral blood B cells and monocytes, and subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Human TLT-2 expression on T cells did not correlate with na?ve or memory phenotypes and was diminished after culture, despite the presence of mitogenic stimuli. Constitutive TLT-2 expression on monocytes was also down-regulated after culture. Human B7-H3 transfectants augment IL-2 production from TLT-2-transduced T cell hybridomas, and IFN-γ production from peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The enhanced responses were inhibited by the addition of anti-TLT-2 mAbs, suggesting TLT-2-mediated costimulatory effect. Our results demonstrate the existence of a functional interaction between human B7-H3 and TLT-2, and the restricted expression of TLT-2 on T cells and monocytes.展开更多
In this paper, we summarize some recent activities in the field of metamaterial research at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Integral equations are applied for electromagnetic modelling of supernatural mate...In this paper, we summarize some recent activities in the field of metamaterial research at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Integral equations are applied for electromagnetic modelling of supernatural materials. Some special charac- teristics of the metamaterials are shown. Moreover, quasi-static Lorentz theory and numerical method (i.e., the method of moments for solving the electric field integral equation) and the transmission line theory are both presented to obtain the effective consti- tutive relations of metamaterials, respectively. Finally, feasibility of fabricating metamaterials based on analysis of equivalent transmission line model in the microwave spectrum and even higher is also shown and correspondingly some broad-bandwidth and low-loss metamaterial structures are designed and synthesized.展开更多
English is widely taught and used in China. Yet, Traditional Language Teaching （TLT） methods are still used in most classrooms, which hinder the successful language learning. In the paper, communicative approach is ...English is widely taught and used in China. Yet, Traditional Language Teaching （TLT） methods are still used in most classrooms, which hinder the successful language learning. In the paper, communicative approach is introduced. And the authors sincerely hope that effective language learning can be promoted in the language classroom.展开更多
基于第三代半导体材料的GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT),运用传输线变压器(TLT,Transmission Line Transformer)宽带匹配技术,研制了工作于VHF/UHF频段的功率放大器。采用推挽的结构,运用TLT进行输入输出网络匹配,成功设计了一个工作于100...基于第三代半导体材料的GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT),运用传输线变压器(TLT,Transmission Line Transformer)宽带匹配技术,研制了工作于VHF/UHF频段的功率放大器。采用推挽的结构,运用TLT进行输入输出网络匹配,成功设计了一个工作于100~1000MHz,Gain≥9.28 dB,Gain flatness≤±2.65 d B,PAE≥40.3%,Pout≥100W的GaN宽带功率放大器。适用于干扰、宽带通讯等对带宽、功率要求较高的系统中。展开更多
文摘The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing and immunoinhibitory effects have been reported in human and mouse systems. We have previously reported the following: 1) murine B7-H3 specifically bound to Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-like transcript 2 (TLT-2, TREML2), a member of the TREM family of receptors;and 2) the B7-H3:TLT-2 pathway up-regulated T cell responses. However, the expression and function of human TLT-2 has not yet been clarified. A recent study found no evidence to support the existence of an interacttion between human B7-H3 and TLT-2. In this study, we demonstrated that human B7-H3 binds to TLT-2 and augments T cell responses. Human and mouse B7-H3Ig chimeric proteins cross-interacted with both human and mouse species of TLT-2-transduced cells. Human TLT-2 was expressed on freshly isolated, peripheral blood B cells and monocytes, and subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Human TLT-2 expression on T cells did not correlate with na?ve or memory phenotypes and was diminished after culture, despite the presence of mitogenic stimuli. Constitutive TLT-2 expression on monocytes was also down-regulated after culture. Human B7-H3 transfectants augment IL-2 production from TLT-2-transduced T cell hybridomas, and IFN-γ production from peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The enhanced responses were inhibited by the addition of anti-TLT-2 mAbs, suggesting TLT-2-mediated costimulatory effect. Our results demonstrate the existence of a functional interaction between human B7-H3 and TLT-2, and the restricted expression of TLT-2 on T cells and monocytes.
文摘In this paper, we summarize some recent activities in the field of metamaterial research at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Integral equations are applied for electromagnetic modelling of supernatural materials. Some special charac- teristics of the metamaterials are shown. Moreover, quasi-static Lorentz theory and numerical method (i.e., the method of moments for solving the electric field integral equation) and the transmission line theory are both presented to obtain the effective consti- tutive relations of metamaterials, respectively. Finally, feasibility of fabricating metamaterials based on analysis of equivalent transmission line model in the microwave spectrum and even higher is also shown and correspondingly some broad-bandwidth and low-loss metamaterial structures are designed and synthesized.
文摘English is widely taught and used in China. Yet, Traditional Language Teaching （TLT） methods are still used in most classrooms, which hinder the successful language learning. In the paper, communicative approach is introduced. And the authors sincerely hope that effective language learning can be promoted in the language classroom.
文摘基于第三代半导体材料的GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT),运用传输线变压器(TLT,Transmission Line Transformer)宽带匹配技术,研制了工作于VHF/UHF频段的功率放大器。采用推挽的结构,运用TLT进行输入输出网络匹配,成功设计了一个工作于100~1000MHz,Gain≥9.28 dB,Gain flatness≤±2.65 d B,PAE≥40.3%,Pout≥100W的GaN宽带功率放大器。适用于干扰、宽带通讯等对带宽、功率要求较高的系统中。
