通过比较不同杀菌处理(超高压Ultra-high pressure,UHP和高温短时High temperature short-time,HTST)的猕猴桃非浓缩还原汁(Not From Concentrate,NFC)贮藏期(4℃,4周)品质的变化,为明确NFC果汁产品杀菌方式提供理论依据。以海沃德猕猴...通过比较不同杀菌处理(超高压Ultra-high pressure,UHP和高温短时High temperature short-time,HTST)的猕猴桃非浓缩还原汁(Not From Concentrate,NFC)贮藏期(4℃,4周)品质的变化,为明确NFC果汁产品杀菌方式提供理论依据。以海沃德猕猴桃为原料制备NFC果汁,利用化学、微生物学等方法及GC-MS手段研究了两种杀菌处理(UHP,400 MPa,15 min;HTST,95℃,30 s)的NFC猕猴桃汁贮藏期的理化与营养、微生物、抗氧化活性及香气物质的变化。结果表明,UHP与HTST杀菌的NFC果汁VC与总糖含量分别减少为14.89%、18.96%和16.03%、18.62%;UHP处理贮藏期果汁的pH、可溶性固形物、总酸含量变化均较小,HTST杀菌的NFC猕猴桃果汁变色大于UHP。UHP与HTST处理的NFC果汁均有100%杀菌率,但贮藏期HTST杀菌NFC果汁微生物指标好于UHP处理。贮藏期UHP与HTST处理NFC果汁对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除率下降,第4周分别为79%和74%、78%和74%。UHP处理后NFC果汁香气物质中醇类和酯类的种类和含量(4.75%,2.53%)降低,酮类和醛类物质的种类和含量(6.10%,27.38%)增加;HTST处理后醇类物质含量降低5.14%,种类增加;酮类、醛类物质的种类和含量(8.14%,26.39%)增加。试验说明UHP处理的猕猴桃NFC果汁在4℃贮藏3周其色泽、营养、香气与抗氧化活性的保留率高于HTST杀菌,最大限度地保持猕猴桃NFC果汁品质;该研究结果可为NFC果汁生产与货架期的确定提供试验依据。展开更多
Different scales of structural data reveal a complex deformation history of ultrahigh- pressure （UHP） rocks exposed in the Weihai-Rongcbeng area, NE Sulu （northern Jiangsu-eastern Shandong）, eastern China. Excludi...Different scales of structural data reveal a complex deformation history of ultrahigh- pressure （UHP） rocks exposed in the Weihai-Rongcbeng area, NE Sulu （northern Jiangsu-eastern Shandong）, eastern China. Excluding pre-UHP deformations, at least five major sequential deformational stages （D1-Ds） are recognized. The first deformation （DO produced a weak foliation and lineation in massive eclogites. The foliated eclogite with a dominant foliation containing a stretching and mineral lineation was developed during the I）2 deformation. Both the D1 and D2 deformations occurred under UHP metamorphic conditions, and are well preserved in the eclogite bodies. D3 structures which developed shortly after the formation of granulite/amphibolite facies symplectites are characterized by imbricated associations marked by a regional, steeply dipping foliation, compositional layering, eclogite boudinage, isoclinal folds and reverse ductile shear zones. The D3 deformation was accompanied by decompressional partial melting. A regional, gently dipping amphibolite facies foliation and stretching lineation, low-angle detachments, and dome- and arc-shaped structures formed during the D4 deformation stage dominate to some degree the map pattern of the Weihai-Rongcbeng UHP domain. The last stage of deformation （Ds） gave rise to the final exhumation of the UHP rocks. Ds is characterized by development of brittle-dominated high-angle faulting associated with emplacement of large volmnes of undeformed granite plutons and dykes dated at 134-100 Ma. The deformational and metamorphic sequence followed by the UHP rocks in the Weihai-Rongcheng area is similar to that studied in the entire Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts from microscopic to mapping scale. Based on structural data, combined with available petrographic, metamorphic and geochronological data, a speculative tectonic evolutionary model for the Dabie-Sulu UHP and IIP belts is proposed, involving continental subduction/collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons and subsequent polyphase exhumation histories of the UHP and IIP metamorphic rocks.展开更多
本研究以汉麻分离蛋白(Hemp Protein Isolate,HPI)为原料,通过超高压辅助酶解反应对HPI进行改性,测定不同压力下汉麻蛋白酶解产物(hydrolysate of hemp protein isolate,HPIH)的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophores...本研究以汉麻分离蛋白(Hemp Protein Isolate,HPI)为原料,通过超高压辅助酶解反应对HPI进行改性,测定不同压力下汉麻蛋白酶解产物(hydrolysate of hemp protein isolate,HPIH)的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)电泳特性、表面疏水性、巯基含量、傅立叶红外光谱和内源荧光光谱分析改性前后汉麻分离蛋白的结构变化。结果表明,超高压(ultra-high pressure,UHP)(0.1、100、200、300 MPa)处理对HPI酶解反应具有一定的辅助作用,且随压力的升高酶解反应程度逐渐增大,分子量逐渐降低;HPI经改性后,疏水性基团逐渐暴露,表面疏水性随压力的增大先上升后下降,且变化差异性显著(P<0.05),在200 MPa时表面疏水性达到最大;酶解反应后,HPIH游离巯基含量显著降低(P<0.05),而表面巯基含量随压力增大呈先上升后下降的趋势;通过测定改性前后蛋白质氨基酸组成及含量可知,改性前后HPI氨基酸组成不变,但各氨基酸含量存在不同程度下降;由傅立叶红外光谱图可以看出,与HPI相比,HPIH的吸收峰强度、峰型及峰面积等均发生不同程度变化,说明超高压辅助酶解反应使蛋白质二级结构发生改变;内源荧光光谱显示,HPIH荧光强度增大且最大发射波长发生红移,说明酶解反应改变了HPI的三级结构;抗氧化活性结果表明,适当的压力处理可有效提升酶解产物的抗氧化能力,当压力为200 MPa时,HPIH的DPPH、ABTS^(+)自由基清除能力及还原能力达到最高。综上所述,超高压辅助酶解改性处理能显著改变汉麻分离蛋白的二、三级结构,暴露出疏水基团等活性基团,从而提高其抗氧化性。展开更多
文摘通过比较不同杀菌处理(超高压Ultra-high pressure,UHP和高温短时High temperature short-time,HTST)的猕猴桃非浓缩还原汁(Not From Concentrate,NFC)贮藏期(4℃,4周)品质的变化,为明确NFC果汁产品杀菌方式提供理论依据。以海沃德猕猴桃为原料制备NFC果汁,利用化学、微生物学等方法及GC-MS手段研究了两种杀菌处理(UHP,400 MPa,15 min;HTST,95℃,30 s)的NFC猕猴桃汁贮藏期的理化与营养、微生物、抗氧化活性及香气物质的变化。结果表明,UHP与HTST杀菌的NFC果汁VC与总糖含量分别减少为14.89%、18.96%和16.03%、18.62%;UHP处理贮藏期果汁的pH、可溶性固形物、总酸含量变化均较小,HTST杀菌的NFC猕猴桃果汁变色大于UHP。UHP与HTST处理的NFC果汁均有100%杀菌率,但贮藏期HTST杀菌NFC果汁微生物指标好于UHP处理。贮藏期UHP与HTST处理NFC果汁对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除率下降,第4周分别为79%和74%、78%和74%。UHP处理后NFC果汁香气物质中醇类和酯类的种类和含量(4.75%,2.53%)降低,酮类和醛类物质的种类和含量(6.10%,27.38%)增加;HTST处理后醇类物质含量降低5.14%,种类增加;酮类、醛类物质的种类和含量(8.14%,26.39%)增加。试验说明UHP处理的猕猴桃NFC果汁在4℃贮藏3周其色泽、营养、香气与抗氧化活性的保留率高于HTST杀菌,最大限度地保持猕猴桃NFC果汁品质;该研究结果可为NFC果汁生产与货架期的确定提供试验依据。
基金This study is funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program （G1999075506）the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40372094 and 49972067）.
文摘Different scales of structural data reveal a complex deformation history of ultrahigh- pressure （UHP） rocks exposed in the Weihai-Rongcbeng area, NE Sulu （northern Jiangsu-eastern Shandong）, eastern China. Excluding pre-UHP deformations, at least five major sequential deformational stages （D1-Ds） are recognized. The first deformation （DO produced a weak foliation and lineation in massive eclogites. The foliated eclogite with a dominant foliation containing a stretching and mineral lineation was developed during the I）2 deformation. Both the D1 and D2 deformations occurred under UHP metamorphic conditions, and are well preserved in the eclogite bodies. D3 structures which developed shortly after the formation of granulite/amphibolite facies symplectites are characterized by imbricated associations marked by a regional, steeply dipping foliation, compositional layering, eclogite boudinage, isoclinal folds and reverse ductile shear zones. The D3 deformation was accompanied by decompressional partial melting. A regional, gently dipping amphibolite facies foliation and stretching lineation, low-angle detachments, and dome- and arc-shaped structures formed during the D4 deformation stage dominate to some degree the map pattern of the Weihai-Rongcbeng UHP domain. The last stage of deformation （Ds） gave rise to the final exhumation of the UHP rocks. Ds is characterized by development of brittle-dominated high-angle faulting associated with emplacement of large volmnes of undeformed granite plutons and dykes dated at 134-100 Ma. The deformational and metamorphic sequence followed by the UHP rocks in the Weihai-Rongcheng area is similar to that studied in the entire Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts from microscopic to mapping scale. Based on structural data, combined with available petrographic, metamorphic and geochronological data, a speculative tectonic evolutionary model for the Dabie-Sulu UHP and IIP belts is proposed, involving continental subduction/collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons and subsequent polyphase exhumation histories of the UHP and IIP metamorphic rocks.
文摘本研究以汉麻分离蛋白(Hemp Protein Isolate,HPI)为原料,通过超高压辅助酶解反应对HPI进行改性,测定不同压力下汉麻蛋白酶解产物(hydrolysate of hemp protein isolate,HPIH)的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)电泳特性、表面疏水性、巯基含量、傅立叶红外光谱和内源荧光光谱分析改性前后汉麻分离蛋白的结构变化。结果表明,超高压(ultra-high pressure,UHP)(0.1、100、200、300 MPa)处理对HPI酶解反应具有一定的辅助作用,且随压力的升高酶解反应程度逐渐增大,分子量逐渐降低;HPI经改性后,疏水性基团逐渐暴露,表面疏水性随压力的增大先上升后下降,且变化差异性显著(P<0.05),在200 MPa时表面疏水性达到最大;酶解反应后,HPIH游离巯基含量显著降低(P<0.05),而表面巯基含量随压力增大呈先上升后下降的趋势;通过测定改性前后蛋白质氨基酸组成及含量可知,改性前后HPI氨基酸组成不变,但各氨基酸含量存在不同程度下降;由傅立叶红外光谱图可以看出,与HPI相比,HPIH的吸收峰强度、峰型及峰面积等均发生不同程度变化,说明超高压辅助酶解反应使蛋白质二级结构发生改变;内源荧光光谱显示,HPIH荧光强度增大且最大发射波长发生红移,说明酶解反应改变了HPI的三级结构;抗氧化活性结果表明,适当的压力处理可有效提升酶解产物的抗氧化能力,当压力为200 MPa时,HPIH的DPPH、ABTS^(+)自由基清除能力及还原能力达到最高。综上所述,超高压辅助酶解改性处理能显著改变汉麻分离蛋白的二、三级结构,暴露出疏水基团等活性基团,从而提高其抗氧化性。
