This paper introduces a newly developed Unmanned Wave Glide Vehicle （UWGV）, which is driven only by extracting energy from gravity waves, and presents a comprehensive study on the propulsion performance of the UWGV...This paper introduces a newly developed Unmanned Wave Glide Vehicle （UWGV）, which is driven only by extracting energy from gravity waves, and presents a comprehensive study on the propulsion performance of the UWGV＇s propulsor-Wave Glide Propulsor （WGP） in a regular wave. By simplifying the WGP as six 2D tandem asynchronous flapping foils （TAFFs）, a CFD method based on Navier-Stokes equations was first used to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of TAFFs with different parameters of non-dimensional wave length rn and non-dimensional wave height n. Then, a series of hydrodynamic experiments were performed. The computational results agree well with the experimental results when n〈0.07 and both of them show the thrust force and input power of the WGP are larger at smaller m or larger n. By analyzing the flow field of TAFFs, we can see that a larger m is beneficial to the forming, merging and shredding of the TAFFs＇ vortices; as TAFFs are arranged in tandem and have the same motions, the leading edge vortex and wake vortex of the TAFFs are meaningful for improving the thrust force of their adjacent ones.展开更多
为提高长波红外偏振成像系统中偏振器件性能,本文通过分析光栅材料及结构参数对光栅偏振性能的影响,设计并优化了一种双层材料构成的亚波长光栅。该光栅为矩形形貌,光栅区由铝与硒化锌构成,两种材料的厚度分别为0.6μm和0.4μm,光栅周期...为提高长波红外偏振成像系统中偏振器件性能,本文通过分析光栅材料及结构参数对光栅偏振性能的影响,设计并优化了一种双层材料构成的亚波长光栅。该光栅为矩形形貌,光栅区由铝与硒化锌构成,两种材料的厚度分别为0.6μm和0.4μm,光栅周期1μm,占空比50%。利用严格耦合波理论分析并计算该结构光栅的衍射效率,7~15μm波段的光以0~60°入射后其0级横磁模透射率达到87.54%以上,消光比超过47 d B。该光栅在10.6μm的测试波长下,TM透射率高达90.80%且具有50 d B以上的消光比,相比槽深相同的单层铝光栅,偏振透过率明显提高。仿真结果显示,该光栅在整个宽长波红外波段具有良好的偏振性能。展开更多
目的体外模拟肿瘤微环境驯化免疫抑制性树突状细胞(TEDC),研究全葡聚糖颗粒(WGP)对其免疫功能的影响。方法采用重组小鼠FMS样酪氨酸激酶3配体(Flt3L)法诱导C57BL/6小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC),同时加入白细胞介素10(IL-10)、转化生长...目的体外模拟肿瘤微环境驯化免疫抑制性树突状细胞(TEDC),研究全葡聚糖颗粒(WGP)对其免疫功能的影响。方法采用重组小鼠FMS样酪氨酸激酶3配体(Flt3L)法诱导C57BL/6小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC),同时加入白细胞介素10(IL-10)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)共培养,诱导得到TEDC,再加入WGP激发2 d。磁珠分选出OT-Ⅱ小鼠淋巴结和脾脏中的CD4+T细胞,加入特异性抗原卵清蛋白(OVA),再与TEDC共培养。流式细胞术检测细胞的CD11c、CD86、CD40、CD80、MHC-Ⅱ的水平和CD4+FOXP3+调节性T细胞(Treg)的分化情况。实时荧光定量PCR检测TEDC的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-12p40、IL-10、IL-6、IL-4、TGF-β1 m RNA水平;ELISA检测TEDC培养上清中的TNF-α、IL-23、IL-12p70、IL-4水平。结果WGP可以上调TEDC表面MHC-Ⅱ、CD86、CD80和CD40的表达,提高TNF-α、IL-12p40、IL-6水平,降低TGF-β1水平;抑制其诱导CD4+FOXP3+T细胞分化能力。结论β-葡聚糖可以改变TEDC的成熟和分化状态,改善其免疫抑制功能。展开更多
The flight of albatross (Diomedea exulans) takes advantage of the up-drift which is determined by the product of relative wind velocity and it’s gradient above the sea surface, to power its elegant (dynamic) flight o...The flight of albatross (Diomedea exulans) takes advantage of the up-drift which is determined by the product of relative wind velocity and it’s gradient above the sea surface, to power its elegant (dynamic) flight over the ocean. Some of the complicated flight manoeuvres are determined by biological necessities. From its most basic flight manoeuvre a technical aerodynamically scheme can be derived which allows the design of a mechanical technical prototype of a wind generator. It is based on a rotational movement in combination with a skillful time dependent adjustment of the airfoil. Several technical possibilities are discussed and with one of these elaborated in some detail. The technology to be developed could be applied in highly asymmetric air streaming environment around high rise buildings, on mountain ridges and of course, also low above sea level and plains. Mathematical-technical conditions for power gain are discussed. The technology could, in principle, also be deployed to exploit velocity gradients in river water environment. The engineering challenges are significant and the presented work is just a blueprint for tasks to be accomplished.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51479039)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M540271)
文摘This paper introduces a newly developed Unmanned Wave Glide Vehicle （UWGV）, which is driven only by extracting energy from gravity waves, and presents a comprehensive study on the propulsion performance of the UWGV＇s propulsor-Wave Glide Propulsor （WGP） in a regular wave. By simplifying the WGP as six 2D tandem asynchronous flapping foils （TAFFs）, a CFD method based on Navier-Stokes equations was first used to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of TAFFs with different parameters of non-dimensional wave length rn and non-dimensional wave height n. Then, a series of hydrodynamic experiments were performed. The computational results agree well with the experimental results when n〈0.07 and both of them show the thrust force and input power of the WGP are larger at smaller m or larger n. By analyzing the flow field of TAFFs, we can see that a larger m is beneficial to the forming, merging and shredding of the TAFFs＇ vortices; as TAFFs are arranged in tandem and have the same motions, the leading edge vortex and wake vortex of the TAFFs are meaningful for improving the thrust force of their adjacent ones.
文摘为提高长波红外偏振成像系统中偏振器件性能,本文通过分析光栅材料及结构参数对光栅偏振性能的影响,设计并优化了一种双层材料构成的亚波长光栅。该光栅为矩形形貌,光栅区由铝与硒化锌构成,两种材料的厚度分别为0.6μm和0.4μm,光栅周期1μm,占空比50%。利用严格耦合波理论分析并计算该结构光栅的衍射效率,7~15μm波段的光以0~60°入射后其0级横磁模透射率达到87.54%以上,消光比超过47 d B。该光栅在10.6μm的测试波长下,TM透射率高达90.80%且具有50 d B以上的消光比,相比槽深相同的单层铝光栅,偏振透过率明显提高。仿真结果显示,该光栅在整个宽长波红外波段具有良好的偏振性能。
文摘目的体外模拟肿瘤微环境驯化免疫抑制性树突状细胞(TEDC),研究全葡聚糖颗粒(WGP)对其免疫功能的影响。方法采用重组小鼠FMS样酪氨酸激酶3配体(Flt3L)法诱导C57BL/6小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC),同时加入白细胞介素10(IL-10)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)共培养,诱导得到TEDC,再加入WGP激发2 d。磁珠分选出OT-Ⅱ小鼠淋巴结和脾脏中的CD4+T细胞,加入特异性抗原卵清蛋白(OVA),再与TEDC共培养。流式细胞术检测细胞的CD11c、CD86、CD40、CD80、MHC-Ⅱ的水平和CD4+FOXP3+调节性T细胞(Treg)的分化情况。实时荧光定量PCR检测TEDC的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-12p40、IL-10、IL-6、IL-4、TGF-β1 m RNA水平;ELISA检测TEDC培养上清中的TNF-α、IL-23、IL-12p70、IL-4水平。结果WGP可以上调TEDC表面MHC-Ⅱ、CD86、CD80和CD40的表达,提高TNF-α、IL-12p40、IL-6水平,降低TGF-β1水平;抑制其诱导CD4+FOXP3+T细胞分化能力。结论β-葡聚糖可以改变TEDC的成熟和分化状态,改善其免疫抑制功能。
文摘The flight of albatross (Diomedea exulans) takes advantage of the up-drift which is determined by the product of relative wind velocity and it’s gradient above the sea surface, to power its elegant (dynamic) flight over the ocean. Some of the complicated flight manoeuvres are determined by biological necessities. From its most basic flight manoeuvre a technical aerodynamically scheme can be derived which allows the design of a mechanical technical prototype of a wind generator. It is based on a rotational movement in combination with a skillful time dependent adjustment of the airfoil. Several technical possibilities are discussed and with one of these elaborated in some detail. The technology to be developed could be applied in highly asymmetric air streaming environment around high rise buildings, on mountain ridges and of course, also low above sea level and plains. Mathematical-technical conditions for power gain are discussed. The technology could, in principle, also be deployed to exploit velocity gradients in river water environment. The engineering challenges are significant and the presented work is just a blueprint for tasks to be accomplished.
