超以象外 得其环中——意境论

意境是中国传统美学中一个重要的范畴,对它的探源以及研究有利于我们深入了解中国艺术的精神实质。本文从意境说产生的历史渊源、意境的美学本质以及意境的创构三个方面来进行全面而细致的论述。

微波场中石墨蠕虫的烧蚀

家用微波炉可看作多模的微波谐振腔〔1〕。利用一台改造后的家用微波炉对石墨蠕虫进行处理〔2〕，测量微波输入功率与石墨蠕虫烧蚀率之间的关系。进而分析了微波场中，石墨蠕虫烧蚀的机理，并提出了今后的实验方案，用于进一步证明文中提出的烧蚀机理。

Appraisal of the Production-Oriented Approach： An Introduction

The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.

齿龈内阿米巴引起牙周炎的实验研究

目的 探讨齿龈内阿米巴 (Entamoeba ,gingivalis ,E .g .)的致病性及其与牙周炎之间的关系。方法 大白鼠用免疫抑制剂处理 1周 ,其下颌中切牙颈部用不锈钢丝栓扎后 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别于牙龈涂拭E .g .,共生菌 (Symbioticbacteria ,S .b .)及生理盐水 ,观察各组大白鼠发生牙周炎状况 ,同时检查脓液中有无活的病原体 ,实验结果进行病理学分析。结果 E .g .组大白鼠牙周炎发病率高于S .b .组和对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,S .b组大白鼠牙周炎发病率高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;脓液镜检或培养均查见相应的病原体 ;病理证实E .g .可引发牙周炎。结论 E .g .是条件致病病原体 ,当宿主免疫力低下时 ,在口腔内细菌协同作用下可使宿主发生牙周炎。