Fermions: Spin, Hidden Variables, Violation of Bell’s Inequality and Quantum Entanglement

Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. Quantum mechanics is described with real fields and real operators. Schrodinger and Dirac equations then are solved. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. For an incoming entangled pair of fermions, the combined solution is Ψin=c1ψ1+c4ψ4where c1and c4are some hidden variables. By applying a magnetic field in +Z and +x the theoretical results of a triple Stern-Gerlach experiment are predicted correctly. Then, by repeating Bell’s and Mermin Gedanken experiment with three magnetic filters σθ, at three different inclination angles θ, the violation of Bell’s inequality is proven. It is shown that all fermions are in a mixed state of spins and the ratio between spin-up to spin-down depends on the hidden variables.

Emoti-Shing: Detecting Vishing Attacks by Learning Emotion Dynamics through Hidden Markov Models

This study examines vishing, a form of social engineering scam using voice communication to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information or losing money. With the rise of smartphone usage, people are more susceptible to vishing attacks. The proposed Emoti-Shing model analyzes potential victims’ emotions using Hidden Markov Models to track vishing scams by examining the emotional content of phone call audio conversations. This approach aims to detect vishing scams using biological features of humans, specifically emotions, which cannot be easily masked or spoofed. Experimental results on 30 generated emotions indicate the potential for increased vishing scam detection through this approach.

Deciphering the Hidden Secrets between the Early Skin Wrinkling & the Metabolic (X) Syndrome with the Possible Reversal of This Process at the Molecular Level

The aging process is a group of degenerative changes that physiologically occur in most of the people in the elderly. This affects one or more of the human body systems. The treatment of diseases related to the aging process has a huge impact on the economy of all nations. Aging of the skin comes on the top and despite that, the results of the already present lines of treatment are not always satisfactory. This acts as a stimulus for us to dig deeper to discover the root causes of the premature aging of the skin. This was simply caused by the accumulation of repeated minute damage to the internal structure skin. In other words, if the degree of minute damage is more than the capacity of the skin to repair, the repeated micro-damage is presented in the long run as a skin wrinkling. Moreover, the skin acts as a mirror that reflects the internal structures of the human body. Thus, the more degenerative changes in the human body systems, the more the skin could become wrinkled. Our strategy to prevent or at least slow down the aging process of the skin depends on 2 main steps;the 1st is to reduce the micro-damage as can as possible, and the 2nd is to enhance the capacity of tissue regeneration to be able to reverse the already present damaged skin. As the 2 processes are synchronized with each other, this strategy would be considered the ideal for prevention of skin wrinkling especially premature ones. This not only reverses premature skin wrinkling but also protects it from future wrinklings. This review sharply pointed out the role of the functional collagen of the dermal layer of the skin in the prevention of skin wrinklings. Therefore, it would be the target to study how collagen works in the complex machinery of the dermal layer of the skin. This concept deeply believes that the recovery of dermal collagen has a much better effect than simply ingesting collagen or receiving a topical collagen booster. .

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

Prediction of Hidden Blood Loss During Posterior Spinal Surgery

Objective Identification of the risk factors for extraordinary hidden blood loss(HBL) could clarify the underlying causes and provide more appropriate management. This study aims to identify the predictors of HBL in spinal surgery.Methods Medical records were retrospectively retrieved to collect the data of patients who undergoing posterior thoracic and lumbar fusion surgery or scoliosis surgery. Demographic information, perioperative visible blood loss volume, as well as laboratory results were recorded. The patients receiving fusion surgery or scoliosis surgery were further divided into the HBL positive subgroup and the HBL negative subgroup. Differences in the variables between the groups were then analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors associated with HBL.Results For patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery, the independent risk factors associated with HBL were autologous transfusion(for fusion surgery P = 0.011, OR: 2.627, 95%CI: 1.574-2.782; for scoliosis surgery P < 0.001, OR: 2.268, 95%CI: 2.143-2.504) and allogeneic transfusion(for fusion surgery P < 0.001, OR: 6.487, 95%CI: 2.349-17.915; for scoliosis surgery P < 0.001, OR: 3.636, 95%CI: 2.389-5.231).Conclusion Intraoperative blood transfusion might be an early-warning indicator for perioperative HBL.

基于标记树对象抽取技术的Hidden Web获取研究

目前标准的搜索引擎能够检索的仅仅是WorldWideWeb提供的小部分称为可索引的Web信息。大量的HiddenWeb信息(估计容量是可索引Web的500倍)对这些搜索引擎是不可见的。这些信息隐藏在Web页面的搜索表单后面,保存在大型的动态数据库中。该文提出了一套检索HiddenWeb信息的方法,给出了系统的框架结构,并详细讨论了实现的关键技术。系统采用新的基于标记树的对象抽取(Tag-Tree-basedObjectExtraction)方法自动地从Web页面中抽取HiddenWeb信息,然后在此基础上给出了结构化的HiddenWeb信息查询算法。文章最后对实验结果进行了讨论。

基于启发式查询词选择算法的Hidden Web获取研究

Hidden Web因为其隐蔽性而难以直接抓取,因此成为信息检索研究的一个新领域。提出了一种获取Hidden Web信息的方法,讨论了实现的关键技术。通过设计提出的启发式查询词选择算法,提高了抓取的效率。实验证明了该模型和算法的有效性。

民航主题Hidden-Web爬虫的设计与实现

分析了现今搜索引擎技术在民航主题Hidden-Web获取方面的缺陷,以此为鉴设计并实现了一个民航主题Hidden-Web爬虫。此爬虫使用主题分类等相关技术发现并抓取民航主题Hidden-Web所对应的前台Form,生成相应的Form库,然后利用启发式规则对Form库中的Form进行填写并搜集含有匹配结果的页面集。实验证明此爬虫的性能令人满意且对其它Hidden-Web的应用研究具有借鉴意义。

斜坡非均匀无黏性泥沙起动流速公式研究

为探究具有堰塞坝特征的大比降天然非均匀沙河道工程的泥沙颗粒起动流速,在前人基础上重新定义隐蔽度的概念,综合考虑泥沙颗粒的隐暴效应,采用滚动起动模式对斜坡上泥沙颗粒进行受力分析,建立斜坡非均匀无黏性泥沙颗粒的垂线平均流速公式.采用实测资料对该公式及前人总结出的公式进行检验,结果表明本文计算值与实测值吻合度更高,误差更小.

含隐伏断层底板原生缺陷致灾前兆研究

为探究隐伏断层底板复杂构造活化致灾前兆规律,遏制含隐伏断层底板原生裂隙对导水通道的促进作用,运用了FLAC3D数值模拟软件,通过对比分析得到随掘过程中原生缺陷结构辨识方法及致灾前兆规律。研究结果表明:在导水通道的形成前,原生缺陷结构沿采掘反方向长40 m、宽30 m的区域被看作原生缺陷结构的剪应力、压应力异常辨识区域;异常辨识区域内监测点剪应力不断升高,并在工作面过隐伏断层后剪应力呈下降趋势;异常辨识区域内监测点压应力都呈现“降低—升高”趋势,且监测点压应力的升高趋势亦可作为原生缺陷结构辨识信息。为安全绿色开采高承压水上煤炭资源,实现安全过隐伏构造提供科学理论及工程指导。

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of English Hidden Curriculum Construction in Higher Vocational Colleges in the Era of “Internet Plus”

As the extension and supplement of explicit curriculum,the English hidden curriculum in higher vocational colleges plays animportant role in cultivating students' behaviors,stimulate their interest and arouse their enthusiasm,initiative and creativity in learningEnglish.This paper analyzes the problems of English hidden curriculum construction in higher vocational colleges under the back-ground o"fInternet plus",and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures to bring the role of college English hidden curriculuminto full play.

《女巫的子孙》的隐性叙事:复仇的棋局

小说《女巫的子孙》是享誉世界的加拿大现当代女作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德创作的“霍加斯·莎士比亚经典改写系列”的第三部作品。小说情节围绕主人公菲利克斯的复仇计划,以显性叙事(复仇行动)与隐性叙事(棋局演进)平行互动的结构形式展开,并以隐性叙事隐喻复仇计划的进展及主人公的蜕变过程。整部小说深刻反映了人类在多元文化背景下对自由平等、团结友爱以及彼此真诚相待的热烈渴望。

科研单位实验室蓄电池常见隐患分析及对策建议

科研单位实验室蓄电池种类多种多样,在使用过程中由于管理制度不健全、部门间责权不清、使用和存储设施不完善等原因引发诸多安全隐患。本文通过充分分析隐患问题产生的原因,从完善管理制度、制定操作规程、规范采购流程、提供可靠的存储环境、定期检查维护、建立详细管理台账和责任到人的措施等方面提出相应的对策建议,可有效减少实验室蓄电池存在的安全隐患和避免在使用过程中发生事故风险。

Hidden cochlear impairments

Pure tone audiometry is a routine clinical examination used to identify hearing loss. A normal pure tone audiogram is usually taken as evidence of normal hearing. Auditory deficits detected in subjects with normal audiograms, such as poor sound discrimination and auditory perceptual disorders, are generally attributed to central problems. Does the pure tone audiogram truly reflect cochlear status？ Recent evidence suggests that individuals with normal audiogram may still have reduced peripheral auditory responses but normal central responses, indicating that the pure tone audiometry may not detect some types of cochlear injuries. In the cochlea, the outer hair cells （OHCs）, inner hair cells （IHCs）, and the spiral ganglion neurons that synapse with IHCs are the 3 key cochlear components in transducing acoustical vibrations into the neural signals. This report reviews three types of cochlear damage identified in laboratory animals that may not lead to overt hearing loss. The first type of cochlear impairment, such as missing a certain proportion of IHCs without damage to OHCs, may reduce the cochlear output and elevate response threshold; however, the reduced peripheral auditory sensitivity may be restored along the auditory pathway via central gain enhancement. The second type of cochlear impairment, such as selective damage to the synapses of the high-threshold thin auditory nerve fibers （ANFs）, reduces cochlear output at high stimulation levels with no effect on response threshold. In this case the reduced cochlear output may be compensated along the auditory pathway as well. The third type of cochlear impairment, such as missing a certain number of OHCs without damage to others, may not even affect cochlear function at all. These ＂hidden＂ cochlear impairments do not result in overt hearing loss, but they may increase the vulnerability of the cochlea to traumatic exposure and lead to disrupted central auditory processing.

Complex transient dynamics of hidden attractors in a simple 4D system

A simple four-dimensional system with only one control parameter is proposed in this paper. The novel system has a line or no equilibrium for the global control parameter and exhibits complex transient transition behaviors of hyperchaotic attractors, periodic orbits, and unstable sinks. Especially, for the nonzero-valued control parameter, there exists no equilibrium in the proposed system, leading to the formation of various hidden attractors with complex transient dynamics. The research results indicate that the dynamics of the system shows weak chaotic robustness and depends greatly on the initial states.

A new nonlinear oscillator with infinite number of coexisting hidden and self-excited attractors

In this paper,we introduce a new two-dimensional nonlinear oscillator with an infinite number of coexisting limit cycles.These limit cycles form a layer-by-layer structure which is very unusual.Forty percent of these limit cycles are self-excited attractors while sixty percent of them are hidden attractors.Changing this new system to its forced version,we introduce a new chaotic system with an infinite number of coexisting strange attractors.We implement this system through field programmable gate arrays.

An Intrusion Detection Method Based on Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models

This paper presents an anomaly detection approach to detect intrusions into computer systems. In this approach, a hierarchical hidden Markov model （HHMM） is used to represent a temporal profile of normal behavior in a computer system. The HHMM of the norm profile is learned from historic data of the system＇s normal behavior. The observed behavior of the system is analyzed to infer the probability that the HHMM of the norm profile supports the observed behavior. A low probability of support indicates an anomalous behavior that may result from intrusive activities. The model was implemented and tested on the UNIX system call sequences collected by the University of New Mexico group. The testing results showed that the model can clearly identify the anomaly activities and has a better performance than hidden Markov model.

Detecting Hidden Malware Method Based on "In-VM" Model

Security tools are rapidly developed as network security threat is becoming more and more serious.To overcome the fundamental limitation of traditional host-based anti-malware system which is likely to be deceived and attacked by malicious codes,VMM-based anti-malware systems have recently become a hot research field.In this article,the existing malware hiding technique is analyzed,and a detecting model for hidden process based on "In-VM" idea is also proposed.Based on this detecting model,a hidden process detection technology which is based on HOOK SwapContext on the VMM platform is also implemented successfully.This technology can guarantee the detecting method not to be attacked by malwares and also resist all the current process hiding technologies.In order to detect the malwares which use remote injection method to hide themselves,a method by hijacking sysenter instruction is also proposed.Experiments show that the proposed methods guarantee the isolation of virtual machines,can detect all malware samples,and just bring little performance loss.

Coexisting hidden attractors in a 4D segmented disc dynamo with one stable equilibrium or a line equilibrium

This paper introduces a four-dimensional （4D） segmented disc dynamo which possesses coexisting hidden attractors with one stable equilibrium or a line equilibrium when parameters vary. In addition, by choosing an appropriate bifurcation parameter, the paper proves that Hopf bifurcation and pitchfork bifurcation occur in the system. The ultimate bound is also estimated. Some numerical investigations are also exploited to demonstrate and visualize the corresponding theoretical results.

Research on Hidden Failure Reliability Modeling of Electric Power System Protection

Aiming at digital relay protection system, a novel hidden failure Markov reliability model is presented for a single main protection and double main protection systems according to hidden failure and protection function under Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) circumstance and reliability indices such as probability of protection system hidden failure state are calculated. Impacts of different parameters (containing impacts of human errors) to hidden failure state probability and the optimal measures to improve reliability by variable parameter method are also analyzed. It’s demonstrated here that: Compared to a single main protection, double main protection system has an increased hidden failure probability, thus the real good state probability decreases, two main protections’ reliability must be improved at the same time, so configuration of the whole protection system for the component being protected can’t be complicated. Through improving means of on-line self-checking and monitoring system in digital protection system and human reliability, the real application of CBM can decrease hidden failure state probability. Only through this way can we assure that the protection systems work in good state. It has a certain reference value to protection system reliability engineering.