基于Local-Global-VIT细粒度分类算法的蝴蝶识别

【目的】准确鉴别蝴蝶种类,动态观测蝴蝶群落多样性变化对生境质量评估、生态环境恢复等方面具有重要意义。针对现有蝴蝶识别方法仅依靠整体特征,忽略了局部特征导致识别生态图像能力不足的问题,本研究旨在开发一种Local-Global-VIT细粒度分类算法的蝴蝶识别方法。【方法】本研究以5科200种共计25 279张蝴蝶图像为识别对象,采用多种数据增强方法扩充图像数据;通过视觉Transformer(vision transformer, VIT)层级结构及自注意力机制逐层选择局部令牌并保留至最后一层学习蝴蝶局部判别部位信息;聚合高层全局令牌消除复杂背景干扰;通过对比损失拉大类间距提高区分度。除此之外,使用合理的学习率调整策略和迁移学习方法,优化了模型收敛过程,在不增加参数量的情况下提高了性能。【结果】Local-Global-VIT算法在大规模细粒度公开数据集Butterfly-200上识别准确率达91.20%,较改进前提升了1.15%,比最优的一般害虫识别算法EfficientNet_b0和细粒度分类算法TransFG准确率分别高了1.83%和0.64%,F1分值分别提高了1.89%和0.88%。【结论】Local-Global-VIT算法以细粒度识别方式有效解决了蝴蝶类内差异大、类间差异小的分类难题,能准确地识别蝴蝶种类,有助于高效评估生境质量。

Seropositivity and Other Determinants Associated with Toxoplasmosis in Local Buffalo in Iraq

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the Seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffalo in three Iraqi governorates (Baghdad, Dhi Qar, and Maysan) and to estimate the risk aspects related to infestation throughout the period from January to December 2019. A total of 430 serum samples were inspected with a commercial ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit. Indirect multi-species kit. The overall Seropositivity of T. gondii in the examined local buffalo was 7.4%, and the highest rate (9.3%) was in Baghdad Governorate. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that adult buffalo (OR = 7.10;95% CI: 0.87-57.68;P = 0.067) and young herds (OR = 8.42;95% CI: 1.07-66.02;P = 0.043) were more subject to infestation from young buffalo and large herds. Furthermore, the hazard of toxoplasmosis was increased in winter especially among animals in contact with cats. It is therefore requisite to determine risk aspects to evaluate which mitigation, control, prevention and procedures should be carried out to diminish, control and prevent infestation with T. gondii and its propagation.

Atlantic blocking events in a simplified nonlinear baroclinic model for local finite-amplitude wave activity

为研究北大西洋阻高的形成机制,本文在局部有限振幅波活动(LWA)框架下进行了一系列数值实验.采用的数值模型能显式地描绘出两种重要的大气内部动力过程,即非线性纬向位涡通量和Rossby波包传播.模拟结果显示,这两种动力学过程均是形成大西洋阻高的重要机理.具体地,非线性纬向位涡通量和Rossby波包传播,分别是大西洋阻高南部和北部LWA形成的主导因子.因此,本研究综合了前人关于大西洋阻高的研究成果,为其形成机理提供了新的认识.

Real-World Evidence in Localized Pancreatic: Coping with Uncertainty in Unselected Populations

Background: Localized pancreatic cancer, including resectable (R), borderline resectable (BR) and locally advanced unresectable disease (LAU), is considered in clinical guidelines for diverse treatment options based on clinical trials in selected populations. Hence, exploring with real world evidence (RWE) clinicians’ preferences for treatment options and their results seems pertinent. Methods: In a set of consecutive patients with localized pancreatic cancer assisted in a third level hospital from January 2013 to December 2022, medical records, symptoms, diagnostic process, distribution between subtypes, and treatment plans, with safety and efficacy results, were assessed. Results: A total of 152 patients with localized disease were included (43.4% R, 21.0% BR, 33.6% LAU). The population characteristics exemplified differences between daily practice and clinical trials. Tumor location and symptoms were as expected. Treatment plan was conditioned by PS or comorbidities in 23.0% of patients. In patients with R disease, surgery followed by different adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) regimes was the antineoplastic treatment of choice (64.8%) with efficacy results (OS 37.5 months;95% CI 18.4 - 56.7), in the range of contemporary standards. The common use of neoadjuvant CT for BR disease (94.4%), with surgery in 50% of them, and its results (OS 30.8 months;95% CI 10.5 - 51.2) reflected current controversies of treatment recommendations and evolution in this scenario. Paliative CT with or without radiotherapy was the standard specific treatment in LAU disease (95.1%) with survival results (PFS: 10.8 months;95% CI 8.8 - 12.7. OS: 20.3 months;95% CI 13.5 - 27.2) that justify the distinct character and the specific study of this entity. Conclusion: RWE for localized pancreatic cancer aroused from the analysis of this population confirms the distinct nature of patients assisted in daily practice, as well as mirrors the complexity of decision making in clinical assumptions in which achieving stronger evidence should be paramount.

Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

Fruit Powder of Tetrapleura tetraptera in Local Feed on Some Zootechnical Performances of Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus in Concrete Tank

This study focused on the supplementation of four-sided spice fruit powder (Tetrapleura tetraptera) on some zootechnical performances of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus and was carried out from February 14 to July 20 at the Massoma Fish Farm of Bojongo Mbeidi located in the Littoral Region, Department of Wouri, Douala IV district. The farm benefits from a climate favorable to aquaculture activity. For this purpose, five (5) treatments were tested including T0+ (imported feed), T0-, T0.3, T0.4, and T0.5 respectively for the treatments with 0% supplemented food;0.3%;0.4% and 0.5% of Tetrapleura tetraptera powder. A total of 450 Clarias gariepinus fry with an initial average weight of 7 ± 1.5 g, were distributed in happas of 0.49 m2 each placed in Triplicate in a completely randomized device. Four isoprotein foods with 38% crude protein were formulated to feed these fry at 7% of their biomass per day for 15 days then to their fullness until the end of the experiment. Intermediate fishing was carried out every fortnight. 75 days later, the results recorded show that the highest average survival rate (96.44% ± 3.5%) was recorded with the subjects fed feed supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera powder. The average weight (120.93 ± 67.20), weight gain (113.93 ± 67.20), specific growth rate (3.64 ± 0.79% g/d) and total lengths and standard (26.43 ± 1.9 and 23.66 ± 1.76) the highest were recorded with the T0+ treatment (imported feed). The highest conditioning factor K (2.14 ± 0.15) was recorded with the treatment supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera. The lowest conversion ratio (1.28) was recorded with the treatment fed with imported blue crown food (T0+). Furthermore, the lowest production cost was recorded with the treatment supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera. It appears from this study that the juveniles of C. gariepinus better value the feed substituted with 0.4% of the powder of four sides (Tetrapleura tetraptera).

The Impacts of Flood and Local Communities’ Coping Strategies along the River Gambia

Flood disasters as Climate change hazards are common in developing countries, particularly in communities along the river Gambia. Local communities, for instance, had their local coping strategies that enabled them to stay in their communities even amid these ordeals, and climate change disaster threats. This work strives to understand flood impacts and the local peoples’ adaptation or coping strategies along the River Gambia basin. A community-based cross-sectional research study of 422 research participants of which 294 are males (69.7%) and females 128 (30.3%), and a focus group discussion of 10 groups which comprised 5 female groups and 5 male groups respectively found that 98.6% of the households experienced floods in their community, and 70.6% experienced flood in their houses, 2.1% have impending flood information and 88.4% do not know evacuation centres. The majority of the households had some local coping strategies, but they acknowledged their insufficient effectiveness. The result also shows that the impact of floods on farmlands, roads, buildings, and livestock was greatly felt. Coping strategies such as sandbags, raised elevations, contour bonds, dikes, and buildings on highlands were all found to be common mechanisms the local people used. The study opines that floods affect communities, but the effects vary depending on individual assets.

Management of Square Carcinoma of the Lower Lip Using Camille-Bernard Flap under Local Anesthesia: When Constraints Dictate Our Attitude

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas of the lip essentially pose a therapeutic management problem. In the West, their treatment is done under general anesthesia and follows the classic rules of oncology. In our context of exercise, we sometimes have a different attitude dictated by various constraints. Observation: 55-year-old patient with no notable history, seen in consultation for a very large ulcerative-budding lesion on the right 2/3 of the lower lip with mucocutaneous involvement without lymph node findings found on examination. Faced with this suspicious lesion and the patient’s financial difficulties, we decided to operate under local anesthesia to remove this tumor. The oncological excision was followed by immediate plasty using a Camille-Bernard flap with a good immediate aesthetic and functional result and postoperative day 7. The patient was unable to take his surgical specimen to anatomy-pathology and was lost to follow-up due to lack of financial resources. On anatomo-pathological analysis of the surgical specimen, the margins were healthy with confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma (anapathological reading made for scientific interest). Discussion: The particular mentality of certain patients and their difficult financial conditions push us to have an unconventional therapeutic attitude in oncology, but which nevertheless makes it possible to resolve certain problems that we often face. Local anesthesia is possible and realistic in cases like ours and the results can be acceptable and life-saving.

Local dimming原理及在车载中的应用

Local dimming(局部调光)是一种低成本提升车载显示器对比度和清晰度的技术。在目前OLED技术尚无法突破严苛的汽车环境要求的状况下,局部调光是一种首选的成本和性能兼顾的技术。在满足汽车环境要求的同时,大幅提升了显示器的清晰度,提高了显示内容的辨识度,同时成本的上升也在合理范围内。它能给客户带来更好的体验,使驾驶更为安全。本文对它的工作原理以及如何应用进行了阐述,给读者提供了一种思路和方法来提升车载显示器的对比度。

Thermophysical Characterization of Local Materials from a Locality in Chad for Use in Eco-Building

With the aim of enhancing the value of local building materials, the subject of this paper is a thermophysical study of natural Chadian clay from the eastern region of Chad, “Abeche”. Samples were taken from a brickwork in Abeche from a depth of 1 m, then using a clay brick-making press, 4 × 5 × 8 cm3 clay test tubes were made with 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% cow dung, and a 100% clay sample was used as a control. These samples underwent thermophysical characterization using the hot-wire method with a hot-plane option, yielding results that could improve thermophysical performance. The thermal conductivity of the test sample is in the order of 0.715 to 0.420 W/m. K, at 8% for cow dung, so the addition of cow dung as a percentage in the clay matrix enabled us to obtain various satisfactory thermal parameters.

Cure of Varicocele under Local Anesthesia: Impact on Sperm Parameters

Introduction: Varicocele is one of the most frequent causes of infertility. There are several therapeutic modalities, namely surgery (open and laparoscopic) and conventional radiology. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a varicocele cure under local anaesthesia on spermogram quality. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023 in the urology department of the Hôpital Militaire de Ouakam (HMO). The parameters studied were age, reasons for consultation, time to urology consultation, grade of varicocele, Doppler ultrasound and spermogram data before treatment and 3 months after treatment. Treatment consisted of bilateral subinguinal varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic. Data were entered and analysed using Excel software version 2021. Results: We studied 41 patients. The mean age of the patients was 35.3 ± 6.9 years, with extremes of 22 and 50 years. Thirty-eight of our patients (88.37%) were married. The most frequent reason for consultation was primary infertility (72.09%). 28 patients (68.3%) had a bilateral varicocele on ultrasound. Varicocele was associated with bilateral testicular hypotrophy in 13 patients (31.7%) and unilateral left testicular hypotrophy in 11 patients (26.8%). All patients underwent subinguinal varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic. Mean follow-up was 4.5 months. A clear statistically significant improvement was noted in sperm motility and concentration in postoperative spermograms, with normalisation of the spermogram in 15 (36.5%) of patients. Conclusion: The impact of varicocele on sperm parameters has been clearly established. There are various therapeutic methods for curing varicocele, including varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic, which, in addition to its undeniable economic advantages, can significantly improve sperm parameters in patients with varicocele and prevent their deterioration over time.

Determination of Total Heavy Metals Content in Local Antidote Manufacturing Resources

The present work was initiated for searching and evaluating the total heavy metal content in some selected local resources used by traditional healers in locally made antidotes to search for their toxicity. Elekat public slaughterhouse in the city of Bukavu, the central market of Kadutu and in the Ruzizi plain, precisely in Sange city, have been the purchased centers. The samples of bull and cow horns, oil palm nut shells, cow bones, ginger, black pepper and Mwenga salt were used. The spectrometric method has been used to carry out heavy metal content in each local resource using the atomic absorption spectrometer (VARIAN 1275). The heavy metals found and their average content are as follows: copper (Cu: 124.79 mg/kg), lead (Pb: 76.41 mg/kg), chromium (Cr: 33.9 mg/kg), zinc (Zn: 190.86 mg/kg), Arsenic (As: 107.41 mg/kg) and cadmium (Cd: 0.05 mg/kg). The averages of total heavy metal contents for all samples are below the standard of each one. The determination of the heavy metal contents in these samples allows evaluating human intoxication risk. These results show that antidote technology can be run without any toxicity risk and showed statistically significant differences compared to the controls (p 0.05) for chromium, zinc and cadmium have been recorded. However, most of the heavy metals molecules being thioloprives and then bioccumulatives, antidotes made from them shall not be consumed during a long period.

Ceramic Properties of Three Specimens of Alluvial Clays Used in Local Constructions from Mbouda Clay Deposit, West Cameroon

The Mbouda alluvial deposit is located at the foot of the Bamboutos mountains (West Cameroon) where three types of clayey materials are widespread. The populations collect these clays in their natural state in view of constructions using fired bricks or compressed blocks. Unfortunately, these buildings are not strong. This study investigates the causes of the strengthlessness of buildings and suggests solutions to overcome the difficulty. The research content includes field and laboratory studies. The methodology consists of sampling black (AN), white (AB) and red (AR) clays specimens identified in the study area and analysing them simultaneously at MIPROMALO (Cameroon) and at ACME LAB in Vancouver (Canada). The results obtained show a high sand content in the samples AN (64%), AB (55.2%), AR (30.9%). The compressive strength of the built specimens is low at 900˚C considered as the traditional firing temperature AN (0.94 MPa), AB (5.25 MPa), AR (2.18 MPa). The mineralogical series are identically made by kaolinite, chlorite, gibbsite, quartz, muscovite, biotite, goethite, magnetite and hematite. Silica (SiO2) presents higher contents AN (52.87%), AB (48.02%), AR (47.68%) followed by alumina (Al2O3) AN (29.96%), AB (28.13%), AR (24.72%). The other elements are poorly represented.

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

Principles for Designing New Types of Housing for a Strong and Resilient Local Economy in the Republic of Congo

The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.

仿紧正则locale的紧正则反射

在locale范畴中讨论仿紧locale的性质,证明仿紧正则locale是正规的.通过正规locale的插入性,给出正则理想格CR(L)是仿紧正则locale的紧正则反射的构造性描述.

Current Status and Research Progress of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide, with a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. While early gastric cancer can be cured by surgical treatment, locally advanced gastric cancer requires neoadjuvant therapy to shrink the tumour, suppress potential metastases, achieve down-staging, and provide patients with the opportunity for radical surgery to prolong their survival. This article reviews the current status and progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.

基于Local-BGM法的冷涡暴雨集合预报试验及评估检验

基于传统增长模繁殖法(Breeding Growing Mode,BGM)和局地增长模繁殖法(Local Breeding Growing Mode,Local-BGM)生成初始扰动成员,对一次冷涡暴雨过程进行集合预报试验,从多方面比较两种方案的预报效果,并且在邻域概率法(Neighborhood Probability,NP)中引入时间邻域,评估概率预报结果。结果表明,引入局地化思想的Local-BGM方案能够生成比传统BGM方案更合理的初始扰动,具有很明显的局地特征。对于扰动变量的预报,Local-BGM方案在均方根误差和离散度等方面均表现更好,同时能够提高各量级降水的预报技巧。邻域集合概率法能够综合各个集合成员预报的降水信息得到优于集合平均的概率预报,分数技巧评分更高。并且在考虑时间不确定性后,无论是控制预报、集合平均还是邻域集合概率法,分数技巧评分均有很大改善,并且降水阈值越大改善效果越明显,能够为极端强降水天气提供较为客观的概率预报信息。

基于LIO-SAM建图和激光视觉融合定位的温室自主行走系统

为解决传统导航方案在温室内无法应对光照变化大、作物行间距窄、接收GPS信号差等问题,该研究提出了基于即时定位与地图构建技术的激光视觉融合式自主导航算法。该系统利用三维激光雷达VLP-16(Velodyne LiDAR,VLP-16)和惯性测量单元获取温室环境信息,采用基于紧耦合的雷达惯导定位建图(tightly-coupled lidar inertial odometry via smoothing and mapping,LIO-SAM)算法构建导航地图,基于轮式里程计和视觉里程计采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法实现局部定位,融合激光点云配准算法和自适应蒙特卡洛定位算法实现全局定位。同时,在自主行走系统应用A*算法规划全局路径和动态窗口算法规划局部路径,从而实现自主导航。试验结果表明,LIO-SAM算法构建的温室导航地图最大相对误差、最大绝对误差和均方根误差分别为9.9%、0.081和0.063 m,在温室内改进后的定位算法横向偏差小于0.020 m,纵向偏差小于0.090 m;当自主行走系统以0.15、0.30和0.50 m/s的速度运行时,横向偏差、纵向偏差和航向偏角的平均值分别小于0.120 m、0.10 m和8.5°,标准差分别小于0.070 m、0.140 m和6.6°。该导航方案满足自主行走系统在温室内高精度建图、定位和导航的需求,可为自主移动平台提供理论与技术支撑。

视觉SLAM方法综述

实时定位与建图(SLAM)技术搭载特定传感器,使移动机器人在无任何环境先验条件下,在运动过程中自主建立环境模型来计算自身位姿,大幅提高其自主导航能力,以及对不同应用环境的适应性。视觉SLAM方法以相机作为外部传感器,通过采集周围环境信息来创建地图并实时估计机器人自身位姿。为此,介绍了具有代表性的经典视觉SLAM方法及与深度学习相结合的视觉SLAM方法,分析了视觉SLAM方法中采用的不同特征检测方法、后端优化、闭环检测,以及动态环境下视觉SLAM方法的应用,总结了视觉SLAM方法的问题,并探讨了视觉SLAM方法在未来的热点研究方向和发展前景。