Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development

Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.

Paleoenvironments Recorded in a New-Type Ferromanganese Crust fromthe East Philippine Sea

We attempt to recover the paleocnvironments recorded in the accretion of a typical newtype hydrogenetic ferromanganese crust from the deep water areas of the East Philippine Sea. From detailed geochemical and U-series chronological studies, analysis of major and minor elements performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer （ICPMS）, three major accretion periods and corresponding paleocnvironments can be ascertained. The first period is a faster accretion period in the terminal Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene with looser structure and higher volcanic detritus content, corresponding to the active Antarctic bottom waters and depressed temperature from the intermediate Middle Miocene to the Early Pliocene. The second period is a pulse of pelagic clay deposition at the Early to Middle Pliocene, reflecting the shrinkage of the Antarctic bottom waters and the global temperature elevation of this period. The third period is a slower accretion period from the Middle Pliocene, which indicates the more violent activity of Antarctic bottom waters once again and more depressed temperature than the first period, facilitating the accretion of a more compact and pure ferromanganese zone. The paleoceanographic histories of these studied areas had not been made clear in previous research.

Resistance characteristics of the ball packed-bed regenerator of the new-type swirl flow hot blast stove

A renovation project of miniaturization and high efficiency is provided for the hot blast stove .The experimental data tested feasibility of the new-type swirl flow hot blast stove. The normal and hot state experiments have been done through changing the angle of gas entering into the regenerator. Factors influencing pressure drop have been studied and analyzed. The experimental results can be formulated in the form of the Ergun equation. The regression equation is obtained. And two modified coefficients are offered to the regenerator pressure drop of the new-type swirl flow hot blast stove.

Dynamic changes and driving factors of land use under new-type urbanization: A case of Guiyang

With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change and its driving factors in Guiyang with the method of land-use dynamic analysis, land utilization and factor correlation analysis. We get the following results:(1) the change of land use was obvious during 2004 and 2012. The area of arable land and other land were decreased, the rate of decrease are 3.89% and 8.24%. In the meantime, a series of construction land and forest area increased a lot, the rate of increase are 3.89% and 8.24%.(2) The integrated land use dynamic degree of two research stages(2004-2009 and 2009-2012) were decreased from 2.12% to 0.34%, this suggests dynamic changes of land tend to be stable.(3) Four kinds of Land use class have a great contribution to the index of land use degree respectively. The composite index of land use degree rose from 229.58 to 247.19 during 2004 and 2012; the land use is still in the development stage.(4) Economy, population, transportation and policy guidance are the main drivers of land use change.

Analysis of Mineralization System and Prediction of New-Type Ore Deposits

The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mineralization system is of great importance to the discovery of new type ore deposits. ① The understanding of the relationship among various ore deposit types within a mineralization system in a region can help us to locate the unknown ore deposit types from the known ore deposit types, evidence that has been proved in the mineral prospecting history of ore belts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. ② The understanding of the spatial structure of a mineralization system, especially of the vertical zonation, is helpful for the discovery of the concealed ore deposit types. ③ Clarifying the temporal structure of a mineralization system, including the iteration relationship between the mineral deposit types in the mineralization, leads to the location of the missing mineralization chains from the known mineralization chains (mineral deposit type), a method often proved to be effective in the magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system.④ Clarifying the factors restraining the diversity of mineral deposit types in mineralization system leads to the discovery of the potential of new type mineral deposits in relevant region. ⑤ Studying new mineralization setting and new ore forming processes leads to discovery of new type mineral deposit. More probabilities of discovery of new type mineral deposits are present in biogenic mineralization system, deep sea mineralization system, low temperature mineralization system, tectonic mineralization system and superimposed mineralization system.

Numerical calculation of flow and heat transfer process in the new-type external combustion swirl-flowing hot stove

It is clarified that the important method to improve the blast temperature ofthe small and the middle blast furnaces whose production is about two-thirds of total sum of Chinafrom 1000℃ to 1250-1300℃ is to preheat both their combustion-supporting air and coal gas. The airtemperature of blast furnaces can be reached to 1250-1300℃ by burning single blast furnace coal gasif high speed burner is applied to blast furnaces and new-type external combustion swirl-flowinghot stove is used to preheat their combustion-supporting air. The computational results of the flowand heat transfer processions in the hot stove prove that the surface of the bed of the thermalstorage balls there have not eccentric flow and the flow field and temperature field distribution iseven. The computational results of the blast temperature distribution are similar to thosedetermination experiment data. The numerical results also provide references for developing anddesigning the new-type external combustion swirl-flowing hot stoves.

中国页岩气新区带、新层系和新类型勘探进展、挑战及对策

近年来,中国页岩气聚焦“三新”(尚未开展工作或工作程度低的新区带、新层系及新类型)领域,加大理论攻关与勘探力度,页岩气增储上产再上新台阶。基于中国页岩气“三新”领域理论与勘探新进展,分析其勘探特点、变化趋势和发展前景,探索中国特殊页岩气地质理论,明确页岩气发展挑战与对策。结果表明:中国在四川盆地及邻区创新建立了五峰组-龙马溪组特色的高-过成熟度海相页岩气富集理论,累计发现页岩气田9个,探明页岩气地质储量近3×10^(12)m^(3),形成了450×10^(8)m^(3)/a的页岩气产能,年产页岩气250×10^(8)m^(3)。明确了近年来中国页岩气“三新”领域勘探具三大特点:①四川盆地及邻区五峰组-龙马溪组在深层、极浅层勘探取得重大新发展;②四川盆地筇竹寺组和吴家坪组等多个新层系实现新突破;③鄂尔多斯盆地西缘乌拉力克组获得新发现,东缘山西组取得新突破。页岩气“三新”领域的勘探实现了三大战略性转变:①目标由单一类型、单一盆地和单一层系转变为多类型、多盆地和多层系;②选区由盆内或盆缘为主转变为盆内、盆缘兼顾盆外弱改造区;③思路由纯粹富有机质页岩转变为富有机质页岩系统。通过梳理中国页岩气“三新”领域勘探挑战,指出“三新”领域是中国页岩气可持续发展的方向,并提出了下一步发展对策。

新型农业经营主体对劳动力流动的影响效应

新型农业经营主体是推进农业农村现代化和乡村振兴的有机载体,有效推动了农业规模化经营,有助于引导和促进劳动力流动,从而实现农村劳动力的优化配置。基于中国社会科学院农村发展研究所中国乡村振兴调查(CRRS)数据,选用Logit模型研究新型农业经营主体对劳动力流动的影响效应。研究表明:第一,新型农业经营主体会促进劳动力的回流,但对劳动力流出无显著影响;第二,有新型农业经营主体的村庄更容易吸引年龄较低和受教育程度较高的农村劳动力的回流;第三,在新型农业经营主体吸引劳动力回流的过程中,参与过非农职业技术培训的农村劳动力更容易回流。基于此,从管理与服务方式、培育方向、人才培养和体制机制四个角度提出了针对性的政策建议,为引导和优化农村劳动力的合理配置提供借鉴经验,对于当前农村经济社会可持续发展、推动建设农业强国具有重要的现实价值。

新质生产力理论的科学内涵及其重大创新意义

2023年9月习近平总书记原创性地提出了“新质生产力”这一新范畴,在随后一系列重要会议上,习近平总书记反复强调要加快发展新质生产力。2024年1月习近平总书记进一步全面阐述了新质生产力的特征、基本内涵、核心标志、特点、关键和本质等基本理论问题,深刻指明发展新质生产力的重大意义和实践要求,形成了系统的新质生产力理论,开拓了习近平经济思想新境界。新质生产力理论是新征程上推动高质量发展的科学指南和根本遵循,必须以马克思主义为指导,全面认识新质生产力理论的实践依据和思想来源,从而深刻理解其科学性;全面认识新质生产力理论的丰富内涵,从而深刻理解其系统性;全面认识发展新质生产力与高质量发展之间的逻辑关系,从而深刻理解其重要性;全面认识新质生产力理论与马克思主义理论的内在联系,从而深刻理解其创新性。

如何辨识中国式现代化新征程上的战略新机遇

当前国际上出现一些“看淡中国发展前景”“唱衰中国经济”的论调,这反映了一些西方国家对世界发展大势和中国发展优势缺乏准确认知,无法辨识中国式现代化新征程上的战略新机遇。事实上,从历史维度看,国际体系转型蕴含着双重战略机遇。一是国际秩序整体上从殖民秩序、霸权秩序不断向更加公正合理的国际新秩序转型;二是中国式现代化顺应了世界多极化、经济全球化、发展模式多样化、国际关系民主化的潮流,体现了中国发展的历史主动性和不断上升的塑造能力。从空间维度看,随着技术和产业的深刻变革,中国在推动开放型经济发展过程中蕴含着重要的战略机遇,尤其是超大规模市场和生产性权力结构所形成的市场空间整合效应,铁路物流和数字贸易的发展,数字化转型和绿色化产业变革等,都为中国带来了战略新机遇。从关系维度看,中国以人类命运共同体理念为引领,超越西方国际关系理论的传统逻辑,推动构建新型国际关系范式,促进全球治理机制改革创新,合力应对全球性挑战,为大国关系总体稳定及巩固和拓展中国的全球伙伴关系提供了战略新机遇。

中国新型基础设施建设:统计测度及产业结构升级效应

系统梳理新基建的主要领域,重塑新基建的测度指标体系,在考察2017—2021年中国新基建水平及特征的基础上,探讨新基建对产业结构升级的影响。研究发现:党的十九大以来,中国新基建水平实现跨越式提升,有效提振了国内需求并推动了数字化转型工作;目前融合基础设施、创新基础设施是部署新基建的主要堵点和难点;随着区域协调发展战略的贯彻落实,近年来新基建的地区差距有所缓解,在区域一体化水平日益提高的基础上应进一步加强区域间的协同联动;新基建可显著促进产业结构升级,且考察期内随时间推移这种正向促进效应愈加明显。

加快发展新质生产力的财政力量

加快发展新质生产力,是扎实推进高质量发展的要求,是推动中国式现代化的必由之路。加快发展新质生产力,需要准确把握新质生产力概念和新理念。加快发展新质生产力需要注意的主要问题包括:做到传统生产力和新质生产力的有机结合;处理好产学研关系;处理好市场与政府的关系;正确处理好短期和中长期的关系;立足各地不同的基础条件;全面深化改革开放。加快发展新质生产力,关键在科技创新。文章从企业科技创新、人才政策和教育发展三个方面分析了加快发展新质生产力的财政力量。

人类命运共同体理念的建构历程及理论价值

人类命运共同体理念是中国站在世界全局视角提出的顶层设计,是应对百年未有之大变局中全球性问题的中国答卷。中国对共同体的认识和发展根植于伟大的社会主义实践,深刻反映了中国革命、改革和建设中的诸多重大理论问题和现实问题,是对中国历年发展成果的经验总结,呈现出从实践到理论、再从理论到实践的辩证发展过程。人类命运共同体理念开辟了马克思主义中国化时代化新境界,是马克思主义立场、观点和方法的当代运用,凸显了马克思主义“实践是理论的源泉”的理论特质,是马克思“人的自由全面发展”思想的逻辑延续。人类命运共同体理念具有世界性,在继承中国优秀传统文化基因的基础上,凝聚人类文明新共识、形塑人类文明新形态。

形成新型生产关系需要把握的几个重大问题

发展新质生产力,必须进一步全面深化改革,形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。在这一过程中需要把握五个重大问题:一是准确把握全面深化改革形成新型生产关系面临的形势和任务;二是牢牢把握全面深化改革形成新型生产关系的方向和目的;三是牢牢把握全面深化改革形成新型生产关系的指导思想和原则;四是牢牢把握全面深化改革形成新型生产关系的重点和核心问题;五是牢牢把握全面深化改革形成新型生产关系的关键点和着力点。

推动形成与绿色生产力发展相适应的新型生产关系

新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力,即实现人与自然和谐共生的生产力。按照社会基本矛盾的运动规律,发展新质生产力需要形成与之相适应的新型生产关系,发展绿色生产力同样必须形成与之相适应的“绿色化”的新型生产关系。我们要从坚持党的全面领导、满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要、发挥新型举国体制作用等方面充分发挥社会主义制度优势,为发展绿色生产力提供强大的政治保障。从生产、交换、分配、消费四个环节的绿色转型和革命来加强生产关系系统对绿色生产力的支撑作用。从生产关系的深层次改革、高水平对外开放、高水平的政府管理等方面推进社会经济体制改革,为发展绿色生产力提供直接动力。

农业高质量发展背景下的新型肥料发展

新型肥料因具有肥效更高、使用方便、省时省工、绿色环保等特点,深受市场青睐。农业高质量发展背景下,化肥减量增效的推行促使肥料产品及其配套施肥技术不断创新,新型肥料行业呈现产业规模不断扩大、行业内部竞争激烈、生产集中度持续上升等特点。为详细了解新型肥料产品,促进行业健康发展,总结了缓/控释肥料、水溶性肥料、土壤调理剂、增效肥料、微生物肥料5大类新型肥料及其创制技术,以及测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、智能化精准推荐施肥、轻简化施肥技术4种高效施肥技术及其应用情况;并分析了新型肥料产业存在的问题,如产品种类多、市场混乱,准入门槛低、产品质量参差不齐,关键技术薄弱、创新力度不足等;同时提出了以农业需求为导向,提高产业技术水平;以绿色低碳为目标,提升技术工艺体系;以专业化服务为方向,建立高素质从业人员队伍;以完善肥料监管体系为抓手,促进行业良性发展;以保证产品质量安全为重点,提高市场竞争力等发展建议。

新型高速道岔结构研发及列车过岔安全性分析

为了减小尖轨对列车高速运行安全性的影响,研发了一种新型高速道岔转辙器结构。新型转辙器去掉了既有结构中的尖轨,全部采用标准60 kg/m钢轨的轨头断面;转辙轨一端固定,另一端可左右转动,从而实现转向。基于车辆-道岔耦合动力学理论,分别建立标准18号道岔、新型道岔模型以及CRH_(2)型车的单车模型;通过与标准道岔对比,分析列车侧逆向通过新型道岔的安全性。结果表明:与标准道岔相比,列车侧逆向通过新型道岔时,在转辙器区域脱轨系数由0.49降为0.32,降低34.69%;轮轨横向力峰值由40.24 kN降为26.51 kN,降低34.12%;轮轨垂向力峰值由90.71 kN降到84.66 kN,降低6.67%。列车通过新型道岔时轮重减载率在跟端轨缝位置出现突变,在转辙器区域优于标准道岔。

中国智库发展及新型智库建设的政策变迁、实践探索与未来面向

在中国特色社会主义进入新时代、世界百年未有之大变局加速演进的关键时期,智库建设迎来又一个快速发展期。中国共产党历来重视智库建设,并贯穿于党的百年发展历程。改革开放前是中国共产党“智库”建设的起步阶段,各类智库性质的机构在不同时期发挥了辅助军事战争决策和汇集民智、为新民主主义建设建言的重要作用,但也存在研究活力不足、研究成果国际影响力有限等问题。改革开放后到21世纪前十年,是中国“智库”发展的再觉醒阶段,这一时期社会智库、高校智库蓬勃兴起,相继建立了地方决策咨询委员会和智库成果报送制度,有效扭转了智库成果偏重政策性解读而缺乏议题前瞻性,有对策建议而欠缺可操作性等倾向。新时代以来是中国智库的高质量发展阶段,党中央将发挥智库作用纳入党决策咨询制度化建设的范畴,高端智库试点工作全面展开,中国特色新型智库建设作为国家战略全面推进。针对不少高校智库大多只见其名未见其实、智库名称和研究领域存在较多重合等现象,党中央和主管部门分别从指导思想、发展阶段、行动步骤等方面作出了规划。作为中国新型智库建设的重要力量,高校智库要发挥人才和多学科优势,瞄准国际国内战略性、前沿性课题深入开展系统性研究并产出优秀的咨政成果,同时更加重视自然科学与工程技术在高校智库建设中的地位与作用,为促进我国科学、民主、依法决策,推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化与经济社会高质量发展提供智力支撑。

“一带一路”贸易便利化的十年进展、问题分析与推进路径

共建“一带一路”走过了蓬勃十年,它不仅是中国新时代扩大对外开放的总抓手,而且为国际社会提供了重要合作平台。贸易畅通是共建“一带一路”的核心任务之一,贸易便利化对推动“一带一路”贸易畅通至关重要。在共建“一带一路”十周年之际,本文从商签自贸协定、加强海关合作、交通互联互通、发展贸易新业态四个方面,系统总结十年来“一带一路”贸易便利化的历程与进展,剖析当前存在的问题,探讨进一步提升贸易便利化水平的路径。

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