Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but als...Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.展开更多
在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东...在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东亚夏季风的变化。末次冰期以冬季风为主,全新世以夏季风为主,36 ka BP以来东亚夏季风有逐渐增强的总体趋势,但也发生多次突变现象,在全新世早期（8 500~11 200 ka BP）达到36 ka BP以来的最大值,可能是在岁差周期的控制下,与较强的太阳辐射有关。展开更多
基金This work was supported by an award from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20210402043GH and 20210204063YY).
文摘Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.
文摘在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东亚夏季风的变化。末次冰期以冬季风为主,全新世以夏季风为主,36 ka BP以来东亚夏季风有逐渐增强的总体趋势,但也发生多次突变现象,在全新世早期（8 500~11 200 ka BP）达到36 ka BP以来的最大值,可能是在岁差周期的控制下,与较强的太阳辐射有关。
