Regional cerebral blood flow imaging assessment of brain function reconstruction in elderly hemiplegia patients by body weight support treadmill training

The mechanism underlying body weight support treadmill training in elderly hemiplegic stroke patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the changes of cortical blood flow in seven elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia before and after body weight support treadmill training by semi-quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow assessed by single photon emission computed tomography. Body weight support treadmill training for 6 months was effective in improving cerebral blood flow and promoting the walking speed and balance recovery in elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.

Coordinated control strategy for robotic-assisted gait training with partial body weight support

Walking is the most basic and essential part of the activities of daily living. To enable the elderly and non-ambulatory gait-impaired patients, the repetitive practice of this task, a novel gait training robot(GTR) was designed followed the end-effector principle, and an active partial body weight support(PBWS) system was introduced to facilitate successful gait training. For successful establishment of a walking gait on the GTR with PBWS, the motion laws of the GTR were planned to enable the phase distribution relationships of the cycle step, and the center of gravity(COG) trajectory of the human body during gait training on the GTR was measured. A coordinated control strategy was proposed based on the impedance control principle. A robotic prototype was developed as a platform for evaluating the design concepts and control strategies. Preliminary gait training with a healthy subject was implemented by the robotic-assisted gait training system and the experimental results are encouraging.

The Comparison of the Effects of Two Types of High Intensity Interval Training （HILT） on Body Mass and Physiological Indexes in Inactive Female Students

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of high intensity interval training （HIIT） on body mass and physiological indexes in inactive female students. 27 inactive female students （mean age 24.81 ±0.66 yr, height 162.09 ±0.67 cm, weight 59.41 ±0.33 kg） were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to three groups （each group = 9 subjects） of high intensity interval training （type I）, high intensity interval training （type 2） and control. HIIT （type 1） （8 seconds of sprint running and 12 seconds of active recovery） was performed for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 6-9 min. per session with above 90% maxHR. HIlT （type 2） （40-m shuttle run test with maximum speed） was performed with above 90% max HR while the control group did not participate in any training. Data analysis with dependent t test showed that HIIT （type 1） and HIlT （type 2） significantly increased VO2max while they decreased fat percentage and BMI. The intergroup data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at P 〈 0.05. The results showed a significant difference among HIlT （type 1）, HIIT （type 2） and control groups in VO2max, BMI and fat percentage.

扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期临床观察

目的研究扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)Ⅰ期的影响。方法选取62例卒中后SHSⅠ期患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组31例;对照组实施康复训练,试验组则实施扶正补土皮内针治疗联合康复训练。运用简式Fugl-Meyer评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手部水肿评分评估两组患者的上肢运动功能、疼痛情况及手部水肿程度,并比较临床疗效。结果治疗后,试验组患者简式Fugl-Meyer评分、VAS评分、水肿评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组治疗总有效率为90.32%(28/31),高于对照组的67.74%(21/31)(P<0.05)。结论扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练可改善缺血性脑卒中后SHSⅠ期患者的肩部疼痛及水肿程度并促进上肢运动功能的恢复。

低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练12周青年人体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能

背景:高强度抗阻训练能有效提高肌肉力量,但动脉硬化风险较高;高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动可有效降低动脉硬化水平;低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练不需要高负荷力量刺激肌肉,或许是提高肌肉力量、保持动脉弹性的科学训练方法。目的:探讨12周的低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练对青年人体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能的影响,为制定个性化训练方案提供理论支撑。方法:随机招募55名大学生并通过抽签的方式随机分为高强度抗阻训练组、高强度抗阻结合有氧运动组及低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组,分别进行为期12周的高强度抗阻训练、高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练,训练结束后进行身体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能测试。结果与结论:12周的训练干预后,高强度抗阻训练组、低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组的瘦体质量显著增加(P<0.05),3组的最大重复次数(1RM)和膝关节等速肌力均显著增加(P<0.05),高强度抗阻结合有氧运动组、低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组的动脉弹性功能显著改善(P<0.05)。结果表明:12周的高强度抗阻训练、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练能显著改善身体成分;3种训练方式均能增加肌肉力量;12周的高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练均能改善动脉弹性功能,且低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练的效果优于高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动。因此,建议将低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练作为首选训练方式,以改善动脉弹性,降低动脉硬化的风险。

低容量高强度间歇训练对肥胖或超重人群心血管疾病风险因子影响的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析综合定量评价低容量高强度间歇训练对预防肥胖或超重人群心血管疾病的效果,进一步验证低容量高强度间歇训练在肥胖等特殊人群中应用的可行性。方法:在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和EBSCO-SPORTD运动科学全文数据库检索关于低容量高强度间歇训练相关研究的随机对照试验文献,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年2月。由2名研究人员对所纳入的研究进行筛选、质量评价和数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析,包括合并效应量、亚组分析、Leave-One-Out敏感性分析以及发表Egger检验和绘制漏斗图。该方案已在国际系统综述前瞻性注册中心注册(CRD42024534409)。结果:①最终筛选纳入符合要求的13项随机对照试验,共包含349例受试者,纳入文献整体质量较高。②低容量高强度间歇训练干预对心肺适能(SMD=-0.65,95%CI:-0.87至-0.43,P<0.05)、收缩压(SMD=0.38,95%CI:0.11-0.65,P<0.05)、舒张压(SMD=0.42,95%CI:0.15-0.68,P<0.05)和体脂百分比(SMD=0.25,95%CI:0.02-0.49,P<0.05)4项指标具有改善效果。③低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比在改善超重或肥胖人群心肺适能、收缩压、舒张压、体脂百分比、标准体质量、体质量指数、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇指标方面干预效果相似(P>0.05),但在改善三酰甘油效果方面中等强度持续训练优于低容量高强度间歇训练(SMD=-0.30,95%CI:-0.57至-0.02,P<0.05)。④亚组分析结果进一步显示,低容量高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练干预对各项指标的改善效果相似。结论:当前证据表明,低容量高强度间歇训练可以有效提升超重或肥胖人群的心肺适应能力以及促进减脂和血压调控,且改善效果与中等强度持续训练相似。短时间的低容量高强度间歇训练相比于长时间的中等强度持续训练更具有时间效益。建议未来通过更多研究确定适用于超重或肥胖人群最佳的低容量高强度间歇训练运动处方。

Muscle function, physical performance and body composition changes in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy

Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common visceral malignancy in men with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） the preferred therapy to suppress testosterone production and hence tumor growth. Despite its effectiveness in lowering testosterone, ADT is associated with side effects including loss of muscle mass, diminished muscle strength, decrements in physical performance, earlier fatigue and declining quality of life. This review reports a survey of the literature with a focus on changes in muscle strength, physical function and body composition, due to short-term and long-term ADT. Studies in these areas are sparse, especially well-controlled, prospective randomized trials. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data （up to 2 years） for men with PCa treated with ADT as well as patients with PCa not receiving ADT and age-matched healthy men are presented when available. Based on limited longitudinal data, the adverse effects of ADT on muscle function, physical performance and body composition occur shortly after the onset of ADT and tend to persist and worsen over time. Exercise training is a safe and effective intervention for mitigating these changes and initial guidelines for exercise program design for men with PCa have been published by the American College of Sports Medicine. Disparities in study duration, types of studies and other patient-specific variables such as time since diagnosis, cancer stage and comorbidities may all affect an understanding of the influence of ADT on health, physical performance and mortality.

Innovation Analysis Approach to Design Parameters of High Speed Train Carriage and Their Intrinsic Complexity Relationships

In view of the problem that it＇s difficult to accurately grasp the influence range and transmission path of the vehicle top design requirements on the underlying design parameters. Applying directed-weighted complex network to product parameter model is an important method that can clarify the relationships between product parameters and establish the top-down design of a product. The relationships of the product parameters of each node are calculated via a simple path searching algorithm, and the main design parameters are extracted by analysis and comparison. A uniform definition of the index formula for out-in degree can be provided based on the analysis of out- in-degree width and depth and control strength of train carriage body parameters. Vehicle gauge, axle load, crosswind and other parameters with higher values of the out-degree index are the most important boundary condi- tions; the most considerable performance indices are the parameters that have higher values of the out-in-degree index including torsional stiffness, maximum testing speed, service life of the vehicle, and so on; the main design parameters contain train carriage body weight, train weight per extended metre, train height and other parameters with higher values of the in-degree index. The network not only provides theoretical guidance for exploring the relationship of design parameters, but also further enriches the appli- cation of forward design method to high-speed trains.

Effects of lower body positive pressure treadmill on functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis:A randomized clinical trial study

BACKGROUND Knee joint pain and stiffness are the two main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA)and thus restrict a patient’s activities,such as walking and walking up and downstairs.The lower body positive pressure(LBPP)treadmill as one of the emerging body weight support system devices brings new hope for exerciserelated rehabilitation for knee OA patients.AIM To investigate the biomechanical effects and the subjective clinical assessment of LBPP treadmill walking exercise when compared with conventional therapy in mild to moderate knee OA patients.METHODS Eighteen patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA were recruited in this randomized controlled trial(RCT)study.The eligible knee OA patients were randomly assigned to two groups:LBPP and control groups.The patients in the LBPP group performed an LBPP walking training program for 30 min/session per day,6 d per week for 2 wk whereas the patients in the control group performed walking on the ground for the same amount.All patients underwent clinical assessments and three-dimensional gait analysis at pre-and 2-wk post-treatment.RESULTS The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and visual analog scale scores in both the LBPP group and control group were found to decrease significantly at the post-treatment point than the pre-treatment point(LBPP:70.25±13.93 vs 40.50±11.86;3.88±0.99 vs 1.63±0.52;control:69.20±8.88 vs 48.10±8.67;3.80±0.79 vs 2.60±0.70,P<0.001).Moreover,compared with the control group,the LBPP group showed more improvements in walking speed(P=0.007),stride length(P=0.037),and knee range of motion(P=0.048)during walking,which represented more improvement in walking ability.CONCLUSION The results of our RCT study showed that the LBPP group has a greater effect on improving gait parameters than the conventional group,although there was no significant advantage in clinical assessment.This finding indicates that LBPP treadmill walking training might be an effective approach for alleviating pain symptoms and improving lower extremity locomotion in mild to moderate knee OA patients.

Sense of Humor and General Life Satisfaction in Association with the Biological Effects of Resistance Training in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) groups. Intervention periods lasted four months. All subjects had blood work that suggested IGT at the initial screening. The ERT acted as a wait-list control group when the MRT performed their training. Baseline scores on general life satisfaction (LISAT) and sense of humor (SHQ-6: a positive coping resources) were obtained. Potential differences between groups (types of intervention and intervention versus control) were investigated by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Correlations were calculated in each group to estimate the degree of covariance between biological and psychological changes from pre- to post-intervention by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Sense of humor tended to be correlated with a positive reduction of insulin following MRT as well as with reduction in body fat following ERT. Differences across the intervention groups in changes from pre- to post-training in biological variables (glucose, insulin, muscle mass, and corrected percentage of fat) as well as psychological variables (general life satisfaction and sense of humor) were not significant, whereas differences in BMI and weight were significant. By investigating the intervention groups separately in comparison to the control group, the MRT revealed significant improvement by reduction in insulin, percentage of fat, BMI and weight. The ERT caused significant improvements for insulin and percentage of fat, while general life satisfaction had a significant negative development.

Application of Optical Motion Capture Technology in Power Safety Entitative Simulation Training System

The safety production is critical to stable development of Chinese electric power industry. With the development of electric power enterprises, the requirements of its employees are also becoming higher and higher. In this paper, an optical motion capture system based on the virtual reality technology is proposed to meet the requirements of the power enterprise for the qualified business ability. Electric power equipment, power equipment model entitative operating environment and the human model are established by electric power simulation unit, ZigBee technology and OpenGL graphics library. The problem of missing feature points is solved by applying the human model driven algorithm and the Kalman filtering algorithm. The experimental results show that it is more accurate to use Kalman filtering algorithm to extract the feature point in tracking process of actual motion capture and real-time animation display. The average absolute error of 3D coordinates is 1.61 mm and the average relative error is 2.23%. The system can improve trainees’ sense of experience and immersion.

自由跤运动员专项训练时的血流限制对其肌肉力量和形态的影响

目的:探讨4周自由跤专项训练时,血流限制对女子自由跤运动员肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度、肌肉厚度的影响。方法:将20名专项训练经历在5年以上的北京队一线女子自由跤运动员随机分为加压组和对照组。两组受试者使用相同的专项训练内容,加压组训练时在上肢或下肢佩戴加压带进行血流限制。比较两组受试者4周训练前后肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度和肌肉厚度的变化。结果:4周训练后,1)与训练前相比,加压组和对照组的身体成分均无显著性变化(P>0.05),但加压组出现骨骼肌量增加、脂肪量减少的趋势,加压组体重增加了0.57%,骨骼肌量增加了4.10%,脂肪量下降了1.48%;2)与训练前相比,加压组右上臂紧张围增加(P<0.05),其余围度指标均无显著性变化(P>0.05),加压组上臂围度增加幅度大于对照组;3)与训练前相比,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加(P<0.05),且放松状态下的肱二头肌和大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加幅度较大(26.59%和22.36%);训练后,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度高于对照组(P<0.05);4)与训练前相比,加压组左膝屈和右膝伸峰值力矩增加(P<0.05),且加压组增加幅度(6.00%和8.87%)大于对照组(5.42%和0.00%);5)与训练前相比,加压组深蹲、卧推、卧拉的最大静力增加(P<0.05);训练后,加压组的卧推最大静力(70.63 kg)显著高于对照组(51.07 kg)(P<0.05),且加压组提升幅度(9.45%)高于对照组(0.46%)。结论:4周自由跤专项训练结合血流限制干预,在保持运动员体重的同时,提高了上下肢主要肌肉的体积,提高了深蹲、卧推和卧拉等的最大力量和局部关节力量,效果优于传统专项训练。

双制式列车接地系统的车-地联合牵引供电计算

为研究双制式列车在不同供电制式区段下的车体环流和车体—轴端电位分布,针对某型双制式列车构建列车接地系统的链式电路模型,并提出车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法;同时,建立列车接地保护电阻优化模型,并分析2种列车接地系统配置方案.以国内某条双制式线路为算例进行仿真验证,研究结果表明:方案1相较方案2,列车的车体—轴端电位最大值降低36.58%~41.04%,车体环流最大值降低18.49%~22.97%;并且在方案1中,头尾车保护电阻设置为20 mΩ,可使列车的车体—轴端电位最大值为1.15 V,车体电流最大值为50.30 A,达到抑制车体—轴端电位的最优效果.该车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法可适用于单一供电制式或者多供电制式列车接地系统的分析.

三模块Tram-train列车相对水平转角研究

文章首先介绍了一种三模块Tram-train列车,然后建立了该车型130个自由度的三维动力学模型,进一步对圆曲线、S曲线运行时的转向架/车体、车体/车体间的相对转角进行了分析。另外,对影响车辆相对转角的一些关键参数进行了研究,包括圆曲线中车辆的不同运行速度、中间车定距、缓和曲线长度,以及S曲线中不同曲线半径、夹直线长度等参数。通过分析可以看出:当车辆处于圆曲线的稳态圆曲线上时,中间车辆的两转向架相对转角明显大于前后端两转向架,当车辆处于缓和圆曲线时,前后端转向架在缓和曲线与圆曲线连接处具有明显冲击,而中间两转向架不受影响。当车辆运行于S曲线线路上时,前后端转向架在直线与稳态圆曲线连接处冲击影响显著,且明显大于稳态圆曲线上的最大相对转角。车辆运行速度对相对转角影响不大,而中间车定距和曲线半径影响显著,S曲线夹直线长度对相对转角影响较大,随着夹直线长度增加,相对转角先降低后趋于稳定,且有一个最佳夹直线长度。

动车组车体模态频率贡献度和改进方法研究

针对高速列车车体低阶模态频率提升过程中,传统灵敏度分析方法存在的设计变量繁多和难以识别出优先改进部件的难题,提出了一种新颖的车体模态频率贡献度评估与结构改进方法。重点分析了铝合金车体板件厚度与模态频率的灵敏度关系,并在此基础上提出了部件模态贡献度概念,推导和建立了描述部件模态频率灵敏度与贡献度的数学模型。通过对动车组车体中各铝型材的贡献度进行计算,详细分析了车顶、侧墙、底架等六大部件对前3阶模态频率的影响。研究揭示,部件模态贡献度表示了局部部件对整体结构模态影响的大小,呈现了灵敏度无法显示的全局量化指标。车顶部件对车体前3阶模态的贡献度最大,侧墙和底架居中,底架边梁、端墙和牵枕缓最小。车顶与侧墙、侧墙与底架连接处的型材对低阶模态产生了显著影响。通过增加内外板厚度并适度降低内部筋板厚度的策略,可提升1阶垂弯模态频率。应用所提出的方法,基于车体54个部件模态贡献度,成功甄别出车顶和连接处型材等优先优化部件并进行了改进,实现了1阶垂弯模态频率从9.5 Hz提升至10.2 Hz,同时将车体重量增加控制在43 kg以内,验证了方法的有效性和高效性,为车体模态频率的优化提供了清晰的路径。该方法具有广泛的适用性,可推广应用于其他领域的结构模态改进。

高职宠物类专业“双元融合六段递进”人才培养模式创新与实践

校企合作产教融合是办好职业教育的关键所在。总结四年改革经验,通过构建职业能力标准体系、创设模块化“课程群”、开发基于真实工作岗位的教学资源、建立“一主两翼”实训基地和打造高水平师资队伍等系列化举措,创新“双元融合六段递进”人才培养模式,实现高职宠物类专业高质量人才培养,为校企协同育人提供实践范式。

BIVPSs新型教学模式在急危重症住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的研究在急危重症住培中,引入虚拟情景化临床思维诊疗教学系统(body interact virtual patient simulations,BIVPSs)的意义,通过BIVPSs新型教学模式提升急诊住培医师的临床教学水平与意识,进而提升急诊住院医师规范化培训质量。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月纳入天津医科大学总医院急诊医学科接受住院医师规范化培训的128名学员,采用随机抽签法分成试验组和对照组各64名,分别按照BIVPSs新型教学模式及普通教学模式进行教学,学期完成后,2组进行规范化培训的住培医师同时进行理论考核、临床处理思维能力和操作考核,学员、同行专家评价通过大学教师教学效果评价问卷(student evaluation of educational quality,SEEQ)进行。结果试验组理论考核成绩、临床处理思维能力和操作考核评价均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);学期结束后,学员、同行专家从学习价值与成就感、教学热情与组织清晰性、群体互动、人际交往、知识宽度和信息量、教学管理、功课量和难度等方面进行了评估,试验组评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论研究通过对住培学员考核与效果评价问卷评估BIVPSs新型教学模式对住培医师临床教学水平的培训效果,发现在急危重症规范化培训教学中通过使用BIVPSs可有效提高急诊住培医师的临床能力。

健美操运动训练对高职学生身体形态的影响研究

结合现代健美操教学理论与运动生理学理论,研究提出,健美操训练能够通过增强学生的肌肉力量、提升协调性、柔韧性和节奏感,实现对身体形态的积极改善。该研究为提升高职学生体质健康、促进学生积极参与体育活动及深化体育教学方法提供了新的视角与实证基础,具有较高实践价值。该文研究了健美操运动训练对高职学生身体形态的影响,提出了高职院校开展健美操运动训练的路径建议,旨在为相关教育工作提供参考。

综合灵敏训练对青少年身体成分和身体素质的影响研究

综合灵敏训练是一种新的体能训练方法,运用对比实验等方法对综合灵敏训练法在青少年体能训练中的效果进行研究,发现:在身体成分方面,综合灵敏训练对青少年男女生体质量、体脂和腰臀比具有积极的影响;在身体素质方面,实验组男女生的平衡、灵敏和爆发力均有显著提升。

全身振动训练联合八段锦在出血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者中的应用

目的探究全身振动训练联合八段锦在出血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者康复过程中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7月至2023年5月该院收治的出血性脑卒中稳定期患者130例作为研究对象,均可见不同程度偏瘫,采用单双号法随机分为常规训练组和联合组,每组65例。常规训练组在全身震动平台上进行常规康复训练,联合组在常规康复训练基础上进行八段锦训练。对2组患者干预前、干预6个月后平衡能力[平衡能力量表(BBS)评分]、肢体功能[Fugl-Meyer量表(FMA)评分]、生活质量[巴氏指数(BI)、简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36量表)评分]等进行评价。结果2组患者干预6个月后BBS、FMA、BI、SF-36量表评分均较干预前明显升高,且联合组患者干预6个月后BBS[(45.50±3.29)分vs.(38.12±3.74)分]、FMA[(74.49±4.67)分vs.(69.21±4.59)分]、BI[(69.46±5.32)分vs.(64.17±5.09)分]、SF-36量表评分均明显高于常规训练组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在出血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者康复过程中采取全身振动训练联合八段锦的康复方案可有效帮助患者恢复肢体与平衡功能,并提高生活自理能力。