Interaction of sulfur with iron compounds in sodium aluminate solutions

Reaction behaviors of sulfur and iron compounds in sodium aluminate solutions were investigated. The results show that iron compounds can remarkably remove the S2 but cannot get rid of S2Oc2-, SO^2- and SO4^-2 in sodium aluminate solutions. The removal efficiency of S^2- using ferrous compound and ferric compound can reach 86.10% and 92.70% respectively when the iron compounds were added with a molar ratio of 2：1 compared with the sulfur in liquors at 100℃. Moreover, several same compounds are formed in those two desulfurization processes with ferrous or ferric compounds, including erdite, hematite, amorphous ferrous sulfide, polymerized sulfur-iron compounds and ferric sulfate. The major difference between these two processes is that the erdite generated from ferrous compounds at the initial reaction stage will convert to a sodium-free product FeS2 at the subsequent stage.

A novel surface molecularly imprinted polymer as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the selective determination of ampicillin sodium in milk and blood samples

Surface molecularly imprinted polymers （SMIPs） for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity （13.5 lag/mg）, high recognition ability （the imprinted factor is 3.2） and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of anapicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1% to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.

Change of choline compounds in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis of rats used as quantitative analysis by in vitro 9.4T MR spectroscopy

AIM: To study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and the control group with distilled water. All rats were sacrifi ced and the livers were dissected. 1H-MRS data were collected using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectrometer. Spectra were processed using XWINNMR and MestRe-c 4.3. HE and TUNEL staining was employed to detect and confi rm the change of liver cells. RESULTS: Good 1H-MR spectra of perchloric acid extract from liver tissue of rats were obtained. The conventional metabolites were detected and assigned. Concentrations of different ingredient choline compounds in treatment group vs control group were as follows: total choline compounds,5.08 ± 0.97 mmol/L vs 3.81 ± 1.16 mmol/L (P = 0.05); and free choline,1.07 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs 0.65 ± 0.20 mmol/L (P = 0.00). However,there was no statistical signif icance between the two groups. The hepatic sinus and cellular structure of hepatic cells in treatmentgroup were abnormal. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confi rmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION: High dose selenium compounds can cause the rat liver lesion and induce cell apoptosis in vivo. High resolution 1H-MRS in vitro can detect diversified metabolism. The changing trend for different ingredient of choline compounds is not completely the same at early period of apoptosis.

Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries:Toward high-energy and high-power applications

Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.

Effects of sodium benzoate on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under compound heavy metal stress

In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings. Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate significantly increased(P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control(water treatment). Further analysis showed that application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content(MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution(>6 g L^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97-3.12 g L^-1(2016) and 1.58-3.27 g L^-1(2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest. When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L^-1(2016) or 3.02 g L^-1(2017), MDA content was the lowest. Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate(2-4 g L^-1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.

Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Sodium Trifluoroacetate

In the presence of copper （I） halide as catalyst, a variety of carbonyl compounds could be trifluoromethylated with sodium trifluoroacetate to give the corresponding alcohols in moderate to high yields.

Stability Test of Ampicillin Sodium Solutions in the Accufuser^(■) Elastomeric Infusion Device Using HPLC-UV Method

The stabilities of two kinds of solutions (30 mg/mL) of Ampicillin sodium in 0.9% NaCl in water (NS, normal saline) and in sterile water (SW) in the intravenous elastomeric infusion device (Accufuser&#174) were evaluated based on recommended solutions and storage periods. The injectable NS- and SW-Ampicillin solutions in the Accufuser&#174 device were stored and evaluated at controlled temperature (room temperature, 25℃ ± 2℃ and cold temperature, 4℃ ± 2℃) during 7 days. Effects of the periods of storage (from 0 to 7 days) and the temperatures of storage (RT and CT) on the physico-chemical appearances and concentrations of active compounds were determined. The visual clarity, pH, and concentrations of Ampicillin were determined by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) detection. The results showed that the amount of Ampicillin in studied solutions gradually decreased with time. The Ampicillin in NS, which was stored in CT, was relatively stable, retaining 94% of its original amount up to 7 days. The solution that showed least stability was Ampicillin in SW, which was stored in RT, retaining 80% of its original amount. Generally, solutions that were stored in CT were more stable than the solutions that were stored in RT. No significant changes in physical appearance or color of the solutions were observed during the study. Particles were not detected in any solution samples. In summary, two kinds of solutions of Ampicillin sodium, in NS and SW, showed different chemical stabilities with time in intravenous infusion device without any significant physical changes and retained about 94% vs 89% and 83% vs 80% of initial concentrations after 7 days in CT and RT, respectively. We suggest that 30 mg/mL of Ampicillin sodium in NS solution in an Accufuser&#174 infusion device which is stored in CT can be applicable for 7 days in clinical situations.

氮肥与复硝酚钠复配施用对紫花苜蓿生理特性及种子产量的影响

本试验以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.‘Xinmu No.4’)为试验材料,研究在盛花期喷施氮肥(N)、复硝酚钠(CSN)、氮肥和复硝酚钠复配(N+CSN)对紫花苜蓿生理特性、种子产量及产量构成因子的影响,发现喷施N,CSN,N+CSN能够提高紫花苜蓿叶片可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD和CAT活性。喷施N+CSN优于单施N和CSN,其中,N+CSN显著提高紫花苜蓿二级分枝数/生殖枝、荚果数/花序、种子数/荚果和千粒重,从而提高种子产量;与对照相比,单施N和CSN后种子产量提高了6.84%~38.49%,N+CSN施用后种子产量提高了44.39%~57.76%。根据相关性分析,不同处理下种子产量与可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量,以及SOD、POD和CAT活性、千粒重、种子数/荚果、荚果/花序、小花数/花序、结荚率、二级分枝数/生殖枝都呈显著正相关关系。综上所述,隶属函数综合分析得出N+T2(0.5%N+6 mg·L^(-1)CSN)是提高种子产量和优化种子产量构成因子最优组合。

羟丙基淀粉植物胶囊的研究

以羟丙基淀粉(HPS)为主料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)和海藻酸钠(SA)为增强剂,并辅以凝胶剂和塑化剂,制备了复合植物胶囊HPS/CMC-Na/SA,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化了制备工艺,并通过SEM、FTIR、XRD对其进行表征。结果表明,当HPS加量为85 mg·mL^(-1)、CMC-Na加量为8.5 mg·mL^(-1)、SA加量为4.5 mg·mL^(-1)时,复合植物胶囊的抗拉强度为30.08 MPa,断裂伸长率为14.49%,杨氏模量为1289.77 MPa,800 nm透光率为78.068%,400 nm透光率为63.072%。

复方氨基丁酸维E联合丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿认知功能及血清α-Syn、HSP70水平的影响

目的研究复方氨基丁酸维E联合丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿认知功能及血清α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)水平的影响。方法选取周口市中心医院收治的116例癫痫患儿,根据治疗方案分为联合组和对照组,各58例。对照组接受丙戊酸钠治疗,联合组接受复方氨基丁酸维E联合丙戊酸钠治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前、治疗3、6个月后癫痫持续发作时间及发作频率、韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-Ⅳ)及简易精神状态检测量表(MMSE)评分、血清相关因子[α-Syn、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、HSP70、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)]水平、不良反应发生率。结果联合组临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3、6个月后,联合组癫痫发作频率少于对照组,持续发作时间短于对照组(P<0.05);WISC-Ⅳ、MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05);血清HSP70、α-Syn、NSE水平低于对照组,BDNF水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组间不良反应总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用复方氨基丁酸维E与丙戊酸钠联合治疗可有效改善癫痫患儿认知功能及神经功能,降低癫痫持续发作时间及发作频率,增强疗效,安全性良好。

基于Raman的复方柳安咖注射液主要成分分析

本文应用拉曼光谱技术对复方柳安咖注射液的主要成分及含量进行了分析。首先测试分析了62个复方柳安咖注射液样品的拉曼光谱,结果表明62个注射液样品的拉曼光谱主要由水杨酸钠、安替比林和咖啡因的水溶液拉曼谱带组成;进一步利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了其主要成分的理论拉曼光谱和红外光谱,与实验测定的固体粉末光谱和溶液光谱进行比较分析,进而对复方柳安咖注射液拉曼光谱谱峰的振动模式进行了归属;最后利用水杨酸钠和安替比林浓度梯度溶液拉曼光谱特征峰的峰高和峰面积,分别建立定量分析模型,对62个复方柳安咖注射液样品中主要成分水杨酸钠和安替比林的含量进行预测,并与液相色谱法测试值进行了对比,结果显示预测值与液相色谱法测试值相近,得到了较好的主要成分含量预测结果。研究结果可为复方柳安咖注射液药剂的生产、药品质量的监控、药品光谱分析研究等方面提供参考。

拉曼光谱结合化学计量学方法的复方柳安咖注射液成分分析

为了实现复方柳安咖注射液成分的快速检测,利用拉曼光谱的指纹识别性、聚焦式采样方法及水影响较低的特点结合化学计量学方法对复方柳安咖注射液进行了分析。复方柳安咖注射液针剂样品的拉曼光谱显示,复方柳安咖注射液针剂的拉曼光谱主要由水杨酸钠、安替比林和咖啡因的水溶液拉曼谱带组成。以水杨酸钠梯度溶液拉曼光谱特征峰812 cm^(-1)和1033 cm^(-1)、安替比林梯度溶液拉曼光谱特征峰724 cm^(-1)和1005 cm^(-1),依据散射光强与相应组分浓度之间的关系,利用光谱特征峰高度、峰面积分别建立定量分析模型;考虑各成分光谱间的相互干扰,也利用水杨酸钠梯度溶液光谱745~920 cm^(-1)、1010~1060 cm^(-1)波段数据和安替比林梯度溶液拉曼光谱700~750 cm^(-1)、950~1020 cm^(-1)波段数据,基于偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立定量分析模型。两种分析模型对三个不同厂家不同生产批次的31个针剂样品中主要成分水杨酸钠和安替比林的含量进行预测,预测值与液相色谱法测试值相近;预测水杨酸钠和安替比林含量分别为标示量的96.4%~102.3%之间和98.1%~105.8%之间,都符合国家药品标准,与液相色谱测试法的分析结果一致。表明拉曼光谱结合化学计量学方法能对复方柳安咖注射液成分进行定量分析,具有准确、方便、快捷的优点。

复合海藻酸钠益生菌微胶囊研究进展

海藻酸钠微胶囊制备的研究一直是微胶囊技术的重要组成部分。由海藻酸钠制成的益生菌胶囊有孔隙和裂缝,通过利用不同壁材与海藻酸钠组合形成复合海藻酸钠微胶囊,可对益生菌起到更有效的保护作用。本文概述了三类材料对海藻酸钠微胶囊复合的研究进展,包括添加益生元刺激益生菌增长,共混纳米材料来提升机械性能,利用涂层成膜材料减少外部物质进入或内部芯材渗透。总结不同包埋结构的优缺点,并对益生菌微胶囊包埋的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为复合海藻酸钠益生菌微胶囊的科学研究提供参考。

长链脂肪酸钠/芳基酰胺脂肪酸钠复配成核剂对聚丙烯性能影响研究

使用长链脂肪酸钠盐与芳基酰胺脂肪酸钠(SCAB)复配作为聚丙烯(PP)成核剂,研究了复配前后SCAB对PP结晶及力学性能的影响。结果表明,长碳链脂肪酸钠盐在复配过程和PP加工温度下均未改变SCAB的分子结构且复配可以明显改善SCAB分子间聚集状态;PP的结晶速率、缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度随着长链脂肪酸钠盐的碳链长度延长大幅提高且复配物未影响PP的晶体生长方式;硬脂酸钠复配的SCAB由于在PP基体中优异的分散性,能够更有效细化PP球晶,完善晶体结构,使其结晶速率提高6.3倍,缺口冲击强度提升27.3%,拉伸强度增长8.2 MPa。

水热法制备NaFeHCF@CC电极材料及性能研究

为提高铁铁基普鲁士蓝(NaFeHCF)电极材料中电荷迁移速率以及离子扩散速率,采用水热合成法在碳布(CC)表面原位生长NaFeHCF晶体,制备了无粘结剂的NaFeHCF@CC电极材料,采用扫描电子显微镜和粉末X射线衍射仪对晶体结构和形貌进行表征,探究了碳布的活化处理和不同水热反应时间对NaFeHCF晶粒结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,碳布活化处理后,碳纤维表面有较多的生长位点,提高了碳布对NaFeHCF晶体的负载量;在活化处理的碳布基底上水热反应12h生长的NaFeHCF晶体结构较为完整,结晶度高,制备的电极材料循环300圈后面容量达0.10mAh/cm^(2),容量保持率达到74.5%。

多阳离子位点季铵盐与AEC复配体系的应用性能研究

将含多阳离子位点双子季铵盐表面活性剂(TC-GS)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AE_(9)C)以不同比例复配,并测试了不同复配比例下混合体系的浸润、去污、乳化、抗静电和活性炭分散性能。结果表明,不同复配比例下的TCGS/AE_(9)C体系都为均一透明溶液,表现出优异的复配稳定性。复配体系对帆布片的浸润能力优于单一表面活性剂,其中α_(TC-GS)为0.4时浸润性能最好。复配体系在乳化液体石蜡的过程中表现出协同增效作用。AE_(9)C溶液对炭黑污布和油脂污布都具有较好的去污能力,但与TC-GS复配后去污性能有所下降,可能由于TC-GS在污布表面的吸附阻碍了污渍的洗涤剥离。TC-GS溶液和复配体系溶液均表现出较好的抗静电性能,能够将聚酯织物表面电阻降低至≤10^(10)Ω。最后,大部分复配比例下的TC-GS/AE_(9)C体系溶液都具有良好的分散活性炭的能力;但当复配比与理论等电摩尔比一致时,复配溶液对活性炭的分散稳定性能较差。

超分子聚合物衍生的新型Nb(PO_(4))O的制备及其在钠离子电池中的应用

由于资源有限和成本较高,锂电池的大规模应用受到影响。相比之下,钠资源储量丰富,作为锂的替代品逐渐得到重视。然而,由于钠离子较大的半径,在电极嵌入/脱出过程中会使材料发生较大的体积变化,导致结构坍塌。要实现钠电的高性能应用,必须研发具有长循环寿命和优良倍率性能的负极材料。通过植酸三聚氰胺超分子聚合物辅助,运用一步煅烧法合成了一种新型的聚阴离子化合物氧化磷酸铌Nb(PO 4)O。该材料具备稳定的大框架结构,保证了钠离子的快速传输;表面疏松的片状结构有利于电解液和电极之间进行传质,有效缩短扩散路径。当用作钠电负极组装钠离子电池时,在1000 mA·g^(-1)的电流密度下,3000次循环以后可逆放电比容量达到133.7 mA·h·g^(-1);在4000 mA·g^(-1)的高电流密度下,可逆比容量仍有117.9 mA·h·g^(-1),与Nb_(2)O_(5)相比,具有明显的倍率性能和超长的循环稳定性。

碳酸氢钠林格液与复方氯化钠注射液治疗脓毒性休克的效果比较

目的:比较碳酸氢钠林格液、复方氯化钠注射液用于脓毒性休克的治疗效果。方法:选取2019年4月至2022年4月新乡市中心医院收治的脓毒性休克患者80例,分为A、B组,每组40例。A组接受碳酸氢钠林格液注射液限制性液体复苏,B组接受复方氯化钠注射液限制性液体复苏。比较两组患者复苏处理后0、1、3、6、12、24、48 h乳酸清除率,复苏第0、6、12、24、48 h电解质指标(K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)),血流动力学恢复稳定时间(中心静脉压恢复时间、平均动脉压恢复时间),ICU住院时间,死亡率以及0、6、12、24、48 h快速序贯器官衰竭评分(qSoFA评分),48 h内所用液体总量,不良事件发生率。结果:0~48 h,两组乳酸清除率均呈升高趋势,A组高于B组(P<0.05)。两组不同时间点K^(+)、Na^(+)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Cl^(-)水平有随时间升高的趋势,且A组12、24、48 h Cl^(-)水平低于B组(P<0.05)。与B组相比,A组中心静脉压恢复时间、平均动脉压恢复时间、ICU住院时间更短,死亡率更低(P<0.05)。qSoFA评分有随时间降低的趋势,且A组12、24、48 h qSoFA评分低于B组(P<0.05)。A组48 h内所用液体总量少于B组(P<0.05)。两组不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.644)。结论:碳酸氢钠林格液限制性液体复苏治疗脓毒性休克效果更好。

低钠复合替代盐对午餐肉品质特性的影响

在当今追求健康生活的社会中,减少大宗肉制品中的钠含量已成为一项必不可少的措施。该研究以低钠午餐肉为预期产品,通过单因素试验探究KCl替代量20%~50%、CaCl_(2)替代量10%~25%、MgCl_(2)替代量5%~20%对午餐肉多方面品质的影响。以感官评分为目标值,通过正交试验获得复合盐复配的最优替代为KCl 30%、CaCl_(2)15%、MgCl_(2)10%,其感官评分为9.2,高于其它替代组。微观结构结果表明,复合盐替代午餐肉较未替代组具有相似的均匀致密结构。研究结果可为减盐和提升午餐肉产品功能特性的双重效果的实现提供一定参考。

皂荚皂苷与椰油酰谷氨酸钠复配协同作用及去污性能研究

为探究纯化后的皂荚皂苷与椰油酰谷氨酸钠(SCG)组成的复配体系的协同作用及去污性能,配置了皂荚皂苷不同摩尔分数(α)的皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系,并考察了复配体系的表面张力、油水界面张力、泡沫性能、乳化性能。研究结果显示:皂荚皂苷的α为1%时制备的皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系的表面张力,相比于SCG低了4.09%,相比于皂荚皂苷低了39.29%;皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系的临界胶束浓度(CCMC)值随着皂荚皂苷的α增加而减小,表明此时体系产生了协同增效作用;油水界面张力随α的增加先下降后升高,α为7%时制备的皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系,油水两相产生的界面张力最小为5.56 mN/m,与SCG的相比降低了64.81%,而发泡体积提高了53.45%,泡沫稳定性比SCG提高了9.78%,泡沫分布更加均匀,且泡沫细腻,表明皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系的泡沫稳定性优异。皂苷α≥7%时,复配体系与大豆油制成乳液放置24 h后乳状液几乎未析出油相,复配体系的乳液稳定性明显提高。以棉白布浸渍墨水和食用油,考察皂荚皂苷-SCG复配体系(α=7%)在不同温度、转速、水硬度、表面活性剂浓度等洗涤参数下的去污性能,实验结果表明:用复配体系洗涤沾有污渍的棉白布,随着温度和转速的升高,棉白布洗涤后的白度明显增高,当洗涤水硬度增大时,棉布白度有所降低,在50℃、转速500 r/min、0 g/L硬水中添加3 mmol/L的皂荚皂苷-SCG(α=7%)洗涤效果最佳,白度值可达到98%。