A new diatom genus Spargeria gen.nov.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known genera.Herein we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria gen.nov.The new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded externally.Comparatively,Spargeria zhuii sp.nov.has larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia sp.nov.is smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near apices.This new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this family.Our work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

Lineaperpetua gen.nov.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen.nov.Yu,You,Kociolek&Wang is described.The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae.Additionally,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of L.lacustris in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to Thalassiosirales.Despite the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other genera.These molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

Yuzaoea gen. nov., a new biraphid diatom(Bacillariophyceae)genus and its phylogenetic significance

The flexed frustules in pennate diatoms are usually associated with monoraphid diatoms. Interestingly, we found a biraphid diatom species with flexed frustules in an offshore intertidal beach environment on Weizhou Island,Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Therefore, based on morphological characteristics, we described a new genus of diatoms Yuzaoea sinensis gen. et sp. nov. CH Li, HH Liu, YH Gao & CP Chen. The frustule of this genus is characterized by heterogeneous frustule with one concave valve and one convex valve,complete raphe on both valves, straight and moderately eccentric raphe, uniseriate striae and girdle bands with a single row of areolae. The most identifying feature of this genus was the flexed frustule, which is rare in biraphid diatoms and common in monoraphid diatoms. We compared the morphometric characteristics of genus Yuzaoea with genus Rhoikoneis and several genera within the family Rhoicospheniaceae, including Rhoicosphenia,Campylopyxis, and Cuneolus. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA and rbc L showed that the genus Yuzaoea was the sister group to the clade of Rhoicosphenia with a high support value(bootstrap values = 100%), and the clade “Yuzaoea+Rhoicosphenia” was sister to the clade of monoraphid diatoms, in which the genera Achnanthidium, Planothidium and some Cocconeis with high support values(bootstrap = 100%).Morphologically, the genus Yuzaoea shares many morphological features with monoraphid diatoms like genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium and the members within the Rhoicospheniaceae. Therefore, based on a combined morphological studies and phylogenetic results we suggested that this branch may represented the evolution of one kind monoraphid diatoms, from biraphid diatoms(e.g. genus Yuzaoea), to incompleted biraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Rhoicosphenia, Campylopyxis), to monoraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium).

基于Cerebrus的Genus+Innovus流程的功耗面积优化

对于性能功耗面积(PPA)的追求已成为IC芯片设计的共识,尤其是发展到先进工艺节点,PPA已成为IC设计综合性能的重要指标,尤其是对于大型SoC芯片中clone很多次的模块,对于PPA的追求变得更加极致。介绍了基于Cadence公司的Genus工具和Cerebrus工具,通过综合阶段与后端PR各个阶段的优化,共同提升PPA的优化方案。最终结果显示,在时序及DRC基本收敛的情况下,使用Cerebrus工具相比Innovus可以使功耗降低3.5%,面积降低3.1%,使用Genus+Innovus流程可以使功耗降低6.4%,面积降低8.5%,极大地降低了芯片的面积及功耗。

Structural Characterization of Chloroplast Genome in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.,a Medicinal Plant of the Genus Alpinia

The analysis of chloroplast gene characteristics in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.is of great significance for developing relevant genetic resources.The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic research were performed to analyze the chloroplast genome characteristics of A.japonica.The total chloroplast genome length of A.japonica was 161,906 bp,with a typical circular tetrameric structure.And 133 genes were annotated,comprising 87 protein-coding,38 tRNA,and 8 rRNA genes.Furthermore,22 genes contained two copies,and 18 genes owned introns.Repeat sequence analysis showed that it contains 321 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 37 long segment repeats.Compared with the chloroplast genomes of eight representative plants in the genus Alpinia,the gene structure,type,and quantity were relatively conservative.Rps12 was the highest variation site in the entire chloroplast gene.A phylogenetic tree showed that the genus Alpinia was the most closely related to the genus Amomum.Meanwhile,A.japonica is the most closely related to Alpinia chinensis belonging to the genus Alpinia.Overall,the chloroplast genome of a new species was reported in the genus Alpinia,and a basis was provided for the utilization of Alpinia plants as a medical resource.

Natural isothiocyanates of the genus Capparis as potential agonists of apoptosis and antitumor agents:Mechanisms and implications

In this editorial,we comment on a recent publication,which highlights the important findings from the study,including the antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of isothiocyanates,their underlying mechanisms,and implications.Additionally,a related perspective is discussed.

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Afrotropical Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): A New Genus in the Tribe Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 1979 Based on Morphology and DNA Barcoding

The new genus Parathrausta gen.n. in the subfamily Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) is erected based on a series of specimens collected in the Afrotropical region of Saudi Arabia. The new genus is monotypical, with Parathrausta internervalis sp.n. its type species. The adults of the type species, the male genitalia, the female genitalia and the tympanal organs are described and figured. The new genus is recognized as related by characters in the male and female genitalia with genera in the tribes Steniini Guine, 1854 and Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979, namely with Bradina Lederer, 1863, Perisyntrocha Meyrick, 1894, Diathrausta Lederer, 1863, Diasemiopsis Munroe, 1957, Diasemiodes Munroe, 1957 and with the genera in the Duponchelia Zeller, 1847 group comprising Duponchelia Zeller, 1847, Penestola Mschler, 1890, Tatobotys Butler, 1880 and Hymenoptychis Zeller, 1852. The character states differentiating the new genus from the comparative genera are discussed. Potential autapomorphies of the new genus are listed. The tribal assignment of the new genus to the Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979 based on morphological characters is discussed. The support of the tribal and cladistic assignment of the new genus as a sister clade to Diathrausta Lederer, 1863 based phylogenetic analyses (NJ, MP and ML) is shown. An unusually strong genetic divergence of the genus in the COI segment of the mt-DNA based on the Tamura-Nei distance measure from the morphologically related genera is recognized and addressed.

First Record of the Genus Wijayarana (Anura, Ranidae) from Yunnan, China

Dear Editor,e family Ranidae is one of the largest and most families of amphibians(Che et al.,2007),with 64 recognized genera and429 species(Frost,2022).However,the systematics and natural history of some ranid groups have not been well-studied.One such example is the taxonomic relationship between Sylvirana,H ylarana and other closely-related taxa(Che et al.,2007;Pyron and Wiens,2011;Oliver et al.,2015).China has a large diversity of ranid frogs,with 146 speciesbelonging to 7 genera,and48 species belonging to 7 genera in the southern province of Yunnan(AmphibiaChina,2022).

霞妃睡莲的组织培养及快繁技术研究

文章以霞妃睡莲(Nymphaea cv.Sunshine Princess)的根状茎为外植体,通过全面系统研究其初代培养、增殖、生根及移栽等不同阶段的培养条件,首次成功建立了睡莲的组培快繁技术体系。研究结果显示:固体培养基更适合霞妃睡莲的组织培养,且有利于提高睡莲的增殖率和人工操作效率;噻二唑苯基脲(TDZ)对睡莲不定芽的增殖诱导效果优于苄基腺嘌呤(BA),且两者一起使用具有协同效应,增殖率达到3.44且保持较好的生长状态;吲哚丁酸(IBA)对睡莲的生根诱导效果优于相同浓度的萘乙酸(NAA),活性炭的添加也有利于睡莲的生根诱导;适量的多菌灵能够提高睡莲组培苗的移栽成活率。该研究为睡莲种质资源的无菌保存及新品种的快速推广提供了有力的技术支持,对于加速睡莲种苗的规模化生产和推动国内外睡莲产业发展具有重要的现实意义。

Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Imply Anhui Musk Deer a Valid Species in Genus Moschus

Anhui musk deer [ Moschus ( moschiferus/berezovskii ) anhuiensis ] has been a taxonomic mystery since its discovery in early 80's.In this paper,with museum samples,we sequenced the complete cytochrome b gene of five Anhui musk deer.When compared with other species in Genus Moschus ,Anhui musk deer showed a rather level of sequence divergence from all the other species in this genus.The phylogenetic trees constructed by multiple methods supported the same topology,in which the monophyly of Anhui musk deer was clearly demonstrated.Therefore,our molecular data suggest a full species status for Anhui musk deer ( Moschus anhuiensis ),rather than a subspecies of either M moschiferus or M berezovskii previously suggested by morphological studies.

香水莲花开花过程中花色变化规律研究

香水莲花(Nymphaea hybrid)是睡莲属中的大型热带睡莲,与目前常见睡莲不同,其花期长,花型优美,花色丰富,花香怡人,富含生物活性物质,受到越来越多研究者的关注。不同品系香水莲花花色随花期变化存在差异,而其花色变化规律尚不明确。本研究以4种不同花色香水莲花在不同花期的外层花瓣为试材,测定其在开花过程中花瓣色度值、花青苷、黄酮、细胞液pH、可溶性糖(soluble sugar,SS)和可溶性蛋白(soluble protein,SP)含量,苯丙氨酸解胺酶(phenylalanineammonialyase,PAL)和查尔酮异构酶(chalconeisomerase,CHI)的活性变化,以探讨香水莲花花色变化规律。结果表明:(1)香水莲花大多数花瓣表皮细胞都呈不规则褶皱突起,紫色、粉色和黄色香水莲花的色素主要分布于上、下表皮细胞,白色香水莲花中几乎未见色素分布;(2)随着花期的推移,总花青苷(total anthocyanin,TA)含量、PAL和CHI活性呈降低趋势,细胞液pH逐渐上升,总黄酮(total flavonoids,TF)、SS和SP含量先增加后降低,而花瓣明度L^(*)增强,且不同花期各参数值之间差异显著;(3)花瓣总花青苷与L^(*)、细胞液pH呈显著负相关,而与PAL、CHI酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。这表明香水莲花花色变化受多因素共同影响,花色的呈现与花瓣形态及花色素分布的位置等有关,花瓣花青苷和黄酮类物质含量的高低直接影响其花色的深浅,PAL和CHI酶活性一定程度上对香水莲花的花色形成起促进作用;同时pH、SS和SP则通过参与开花过程中的生理代谢,影响香水莲花花色的形成及其稳定性,进而导致香水莲花花色色调的改变。

A New Genus of Mesoserphidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Northeast China

The genus Beipiaoserphus gen. nov. is established and referred to Mesoserphidae with Beipiaoserphus elegans sp. nov. as its type species. The type specimens were collected from the lower part of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation at Huangbanjigou Village near Shangyuan Town, Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China and are housed at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing.

非侵入性多感官刺激治疗在阿尔茨海默病认知功能治疗中的应用进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种慢性中枢神经变性疾病,其主要特征是进行性的记忆力减退以及认知障碍,是导致痴呆的主要原因之一。随着全球人口老龄化问题的加剧,AD已经成为本世纪最昂贵,最致命的疾病之一,但目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法。近年来,多种生物物理刺激技术等非侵入性方法被开发应用于中枢神经系统疾病的治疗,其中包括超声、光、电和磁刺激等,为AD的治疗提供了新的思路。在介绍针对AD的非侵入性多感官刺激治疗(non-invasive multisensory stimulation therapy,NIMST)方法的基础上,综述了这些方法对AD动物模型和AD患者认知功能相关行为表现的影响,以及对改善AD病理的神经机制方面的研究进展。探讨了非侵入性多感官刺激治疗目前的局限性,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,为今后治疗AD提供更有效的治疗策略。

A New Genus—Thelazacallis (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) from China with Description of a New Species

A new genus, Thelazacallis Zhang (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidae) and a new species, Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang from China is described with 9 original figures in the present paper. All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A new genus and two new species of Chrysomelinae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) from China

A new leaf beetle genus Yulongedon gen. nov., and two new species, Y. formosus sp. nov. and Y. jambhalai sp. nov. from China, are described and illustrated here.

A New Species of Placidellus Evans and A Related New Genus(Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

In the present paper, a new species, Placidellus conjugatus, sp. nov. is described from Fujian, China and its types are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest SciTech University of Agriculture and Forestry (NSUAF). One related new genus, Paraplacidellus, gen. nov. with a new species Paraplacidellus maculatus, sp. nov. is described from Sandakan, Borneo, and the holotype of the new species is deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH).

Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota:16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Prevotella,Firmicutes,Bacteroides,and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups,respectively.Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.CONCLUSION Obese children exhibited lowerα-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children.Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.

莲缢管蚜越冬寄主种类与寄主适应性研究

为明确莲缢管蚜越冬寄主种类及其适应性,调查了湖北武汉和洪湖地区莲缢管蚜的越冬寄主种类和越冬虫量,并采用生命表技术研究了不同寄主上的莲缢管蚜的寄主适应性。调查发现武汉和洪湖莲缢管蚜的主要越冬寄主均为紫叶李,占越冬总虫量的近80%。紫叶李上的越冬莲缢管蚜对菱的适应性最好,其次是莲藕和睡莲,在慈姑上不能建立种群,而采自菱和睡莲的莲缢管蚜均能很好地适应莲藕、睡莲、菱和慈姑,说明紫叶李上的越冬虫源可直接转移至莲藕为害,也可以经过菱和睡莲间接转移至莲藕为害。因此,建议在莲田周边限种紫叶李,或在紫叶李上的越冬虫源迁飞之前采取集中防治措施,以减少初侵染虫量。

New Tineid Genus and Species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from China

A new genus Unilepidotricha gen. nov. is proposed based on the type species U. gracilicurva sp. nov. collected from Yunnan, China. The photographs of the adult and the genitalia as well as the drawings of the wing venation are provided.

TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON ARGIDAE OF CHINA I.A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF ATHERMANTINAE (HYMENOPTERA) ①

Spinarge, gen.nov.with two new species, Spinarge sichuanensis, sp.nov.and S. liui, sp.nov. are described. The new genus is placed in subfamily Athermantinae. A key to the two new species is provided.