Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

Is“Intelligence”More Capable of Promoting the Development of the Tertiary Industry?-Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Different Categories of Industries

In the new scientific and technological revolution round,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become a key leading force for industrial change.Research shows that AI not only promoted technical transformation and industry upgrades but also played a significant role in the rapid development of emerging industries.Based on the installed number of industrial robots and the industrial data by the National Bureau of Statistics,this study establishes a theoretical framework with the econometric model and compares the impact of AI on different categories of industries through empirical analysis.Our results show that AI not only promotes economic growth but also plays a key role in promoting the tertiary industry.Hence,optimization of industrial structure and economic upgrade can be induced.

From mice to humans:a need for comparable results in mammalian neuroplasticity

Brain plasticity-A universal tool with many variations:The study of brain plasticity has been gaining interest since almost a century and has now reached a huge amount of information(>80,000 results in PubMed).Overall,different types of plasticity,including stem cell-driven genesis of new neurons(adult neurogenesis),cells in arrested maturation(dormant neurons),neuro-glial and synaptic plasticity,can coexist and contribute to grant plastic changes in the brain,from a cellular to system level(Benedetti and Couillard-Despres,2022;Bonfanti et al.,2023).

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no exception.Cell-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these forces.Intrinsic and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse formation.In the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called plasticity.Synaptic plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. Moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased complexity and restructuring of neural network structures, as well as the addition of new granule granule cells that aid in olfactory adaptation. Additionally, the manuscript underscores the importance of employing precise methodologies to elucidate the specific roles of adult neurogenesis amidst conflicting data and varying experimental paradigms. Understanding these processes is essential for gaining insights into the complexities of olfactory function and behavior.

The interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 regulates dendritic morphology and synapse plasticity in neurons

Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory.Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1;however,whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown.In this study,we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines,and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines.Furthermore,the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching,and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1,but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1.Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals’cognitive abilities.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.

Practice patterns among ophthalmic surgeons in treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions in preoperative period:A questionnaire-based study

BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern.Both microplastics(MPs)(particle size<5 mm)and nanoplastics(NPs)(particle size<1μm)can cause DNA damage,cytotoxicity,and oxidative stress in various organisms.The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system,leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Although research on the effects of MPs and NPs on diabetes is still in its early stages,there are potential concerns.This editorial highlights the risk to diabetics from co-exposure to contaminants and MPs/NPs,supported by evidence from animal studies and the various chemical compositions of MPs/NPs.

China Plastics Industry （2006）

介绍了2006年我国塑料工业的发展状况，包括塑料加工业整体经济技术指标、塑料制品产销量及进出口情况、合成树脂产销量及进出口情况、塑料机械产销量及进出口状况等；同时还指出了我国塑料工业存在的问题和今后发展的一些建议。

Steps Toward Industry 5.0:Building“6S”Parallel Industries With Cyber-Physical-Social Intelligence

Very recently,intensive discussions and studies on Industry 5.0 have sprung up and caused the attention of researchers,entrepreneurs,and policymakers from various sectors around the world.However,there is no consensus on why and what is Industry 5.0 yet.In this paper,we define Industry 5.0from its philosophical and historical origin and evolution,emphasize its new thinking on virtual-real duality and human-machine interaction,and introduce its new theory and technology based on parallel intelligence(PI),artificial societies,computational experiments,and parallel execution(the ACP method),and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).Case studies and applications of Industry 5.0 over the last decade have been briefly summarized and analyzed with suggestions for its future development.We believe that Industry 5.0 of virtual-real interactive parallel industries has great potentials and is critical for building smart societies.Steps are outlined to ensure a roadmap that would lead to a smooth transition from CPS-based Industry 4.0 to CPSS-based Industry 5.0 for a better world which is Safe in physical spaces,S ecure in cyberspaces,Sustainable in ecology,Sensitive in individual privacy and rights,Service for all,and Smartness of all.

Intelligent Manufacturing for the Process Industry Driven by Industrial Artificial Intelligence

Based on the analysis of the characteristics and operation status of the process industry,as well as the development of the global intelligent manufacturing industry,a new mode of intelligent manufacturing for the process industry,namely,deep integration of industrial artificial intelligence and the Industrial Internet with the process industry,is proposed.This paper analyzes the development status of the existing three-tier structure of the process industry,which consists of the enterprise resource planning,the manufacturing execution system,and the process control system,and examines the decision-making,control,and operation management adopted by process enterprises.Based on this analysis,it then describes the meaning of an intelligent manufacturing framework and presents a vision of an intelligent optimal decision-making system based on human–machine cooperation and an intelligent autonomous control system.Finally,this paper analyzes the scientific challenges and key technologies that are crucial for the successful deployment of intelligent manufacturing in the process industry.

Industrial transformation and green production to reduce environmental emissions: Taking cement industry as a case

Industrial transformation and green production(ITGP) is a new 10-year international research initiative proposed by the Chinese National Committee for Future Earth. It is also an important theme for adapting and responding to global environmental change. Aiming at a thorough examination of the implementation of ITGP in China, this paper presents its objectives, its three major areas, and their progress so far. It also identifies the key elements of its management and proposes new perspectives on managing green transformation. For instance, we introduce a case study on cement industry that shows the positive policy effects of reducing backward production capacity on PCDD/Fs emissions. Finally,to develop different transformation scenarios for a green future, we propose four strategies: 1) policy integration for promoting green industry, 2)system innovation and a multidisciplinary approach, 3) collaborative governance with all potential stakeholders, and 4) managing uncertainty,risks, and long-time horizons.

China Plastics Industry (2010)

The comprehensive situation of plastics industry in China in 2010 was reviewed,including output/sales and export/import of various plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery,and additives.Some problems occurring during the development of the industry were pointed out and a few suggestions for its development during the 12th Five-year Plan period were made.

Selection of leading industries for coal resource cities based on coupling coordination of industry's technological innovation

Taking the city of Qitaihe is as an example in order to provide practical methods for the selection of leading industries for coal resource cities, this paper establishes the specific operation scheme for selection of leading industries according to the actual situation of coal resource cities based on the theory of coupling coordination together with the coupling coordination for technological innovation. The results show that the degree for coupling coordination of the technological innovation for each alternative industry differentiates with the development of coal resource cities. For example, the average degree of food processing industry from agricultural produce is 0.9. Therefore, coal resource cities should develop some industries related to coal industry, such as coking industry, some chemical and medicines industry and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing, in the near future, however, some industries with greater market and influence potentials and low carbon emissions should be attached much importance to in the future.

Comparison of the Three Cooperative Types of Agricultural Technology Popularization Based on the Industrialization of Tomato Industry in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

In the process of industrialization of tomato industry in Xinjiang, the cooperative models of rural households and tomato processing enterprises are order type, mediated type and workshop type. The contents, closeness degree and stability of cooperation of them are different. Under different cooperation models, the closeness degree of pillar industry and rural households differs, as well as the speed and effect of the technology promotion. By comparing the situation of technology promotion under the three cooperative models, the results can be obtained. The workshop type can reduce the risks of adopting new technologies of farmers greatly; strengthen the internal motivation of farmers to adopt new technology, so it can attract more farmers. Therefore, the workshop type represents the developmental direction of industrialization of tomato industry in Xinjiang to a certain extent.

China Plastics Industry （2012）

介绍了2012年我国塑料工业的发展状况，包括各种塑料制品产销量及进出口情况、合成树脂产销量及进出口情况、塑料机械产销量及进出口情况等，并介绍了一些主要经济指标，包括塑料制品的工业总产值、产量和利润等。分析了塑料制品在2012年的市场状况，同时展望了我国塑料工业在2013年的发展趋势。

China Plastics Industry (2009)

General situation of China plastics industry in 2009 was reviewed,including the output/sales and export/import of plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery and additives.

Comparative study on industry agglomeration of the five E＆I industrial parks in Shaanxi Province

As the significant regional development driving, industry agglomeration has become one of the most interested for industrial economist and regional economist. This paper chooses the main five E＆I industrial parks in Shaanxi Province as the research object, and systematically compares their industry agglomerations, such as the situations, patterns, development approaches, and so on. Finally, based on the situation of the five E＆I industrial parks, combined with the power and the attraction of sub-sectors industry, some suggestions on the formation and consolidation of agglomeration effect for each park are proposed.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Deep Poverty-stricken Villages in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Poverty Alleviation in the Green Prickleyash Planting Industry in Laopingzi Village,Luquan County

Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,and it is the fundamental way for the rural poor to achieve stable income and poverty alleviation. Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan County,Kunming County,Yunnan Province,located in the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River,has become a typical deep poverty-stricken village due to its special natural conditions.In recent years,in the battle to win the fight against poverty,the people of Laopingzi Village have achieved a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment and an access to get rid of poverty and get rich through vigorously developing green prickleyash planting industry. By the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty in Laopingzi Village Committee dropped from 45. 62% in 2014 to 1. 11%,and the green prickleyash planting industry had achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This article summarizes the specific practices of developing the green prickleyash planting industry in the village,analyzes the main results and successful experiences of the mode and discusses the inspiration of the implementation of green prickleyash cultivation on industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide an effective practical example for the development and poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken areas.

Industrial transmission effect of international metal price shocks in perspective of industry chain

Based on a new perspective of industry chain and selecting monthly data from February2006to December2015,this paper chooses eight Chinese industrial sectors to construct a SVAR model reflecting internal relationships among metal chains,analyzes the direct effects and indirect effects of international metal prices on output of various links in metal chains,then it investigates the main transmission path of international metal price shocks through decomposing the inflation pressure sources in metal chains.The results show that international metal price shocks not only affect industrial output in a direct way,but also indirectly affect the growth of output through the increased pressure on industrial inflation and then triggering a tightening of monetary policy implementation.Affected by factors such as the lack of market demand and the price transmission mechanism blocking,the direct effects of international metal price shocks mainly impact the upstream and midstream industry,while the downstream industry is mainly affected by indirect effects;in addition,the international metal price shocks have spillover effects on the industrial inflation,and transmit along the industry chain from upstream to downstream,and their strength weakens in sequence.