Oligomeric procyanidins combined with Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorate high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism,inflammation reaction and bile acid metabolism in ApoE^(-/-)mice

Atherosclerosis(AS)is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases.Hence,the prevention and treatment strategies of AS have attracted great research attention.As a potential probiotic,Pararabacteroides distasonis has a positive regulatory effect on lipid metabolism and bile acids(BAs)profile.Oligomeric procyanidins have been confirmed to be conducive to the prevention and treatment of AS,whose antiatherosclerotic effect may be associated with the promotion of gut probiotics.However,it remains unclear whether and how oligomeric procyanidins and P.distasonis combined(PPC)treatment can effectively alleviate high-fat diet(HFD)-induced AS.In this study,PPC treatment was found to significantly decrease atherosclerotic lesion,as well as alleviate the lipid metabolism disorder,inflammation and oxidative stress injury in ApoE^(-/-)mice.Surprisingly,targeted metabolomics demonstrated that PPC intervention altered the BA profile in mice by regulating the ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs,and increased fecal BAs excretion.Further,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis showed that PPC intervention facilitated reverse cholesterol transport by upregulating Srb1 expression;In addition,PPC intervention promoted BA synthesis from cholesterol in liver by upregulating Cyp7a1 expression via suppression of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)pathway,thus exhibiting a significant serum cholesterol-lowering effect.In summary,PPC attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE^(-/-)mice,which provides new insights into the design of novel and efficient anti-atherosclerotic strategies to prevent AS based on probiotics and prebiotics.

Diet with high content of advanced glycation end products induces oxidative stress damage and systemic inflammation in experimental mice: protective effect of peanut skin procyanidins

Non-enzymatic glycation reaction in food can produce diet-derived advanced glycation end products(dAGEs),which have potential health risks.Thus,it is of great significance to find efficient substances to improve the negative effects induced by dAGEs on human health.This study investigated the intervening effects of peanut skin procyanidins(PSP)on the dAGEs-induced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in experimental mice model.Results showed that the accumulation of AGEs in serum,liver,and kidney was significantly increased after mice were fed dAGEs(P<0.05).The expression of advanced glycation product receptor(RAGE)was also significantly increased in liver and kidney(P<0.05).PSP could not only effectively reduce the accumulation of AGEs in serum,liver and kidney of mice,but also reduce the expression of RAGE in liver and kidney of mice.And the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and IL-1βin serum of mice were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the levels of antiinflammatory factor IL-10 were increased,and the inflammatory injury in mice was improved.In addition,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT)in liver and kidney of mice were increased(P<0.05),and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)was decreased(P<0.05),which enhanced the antioxidant capacity of mice in vivo,and improved the oxidative damage of liver and kidney.Molecular docking technique was used to confirm that the parent compound of procyanidins and its main metabolites,such as 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,could interact with RAGE,which might inhibit the activation of nuclear transcription factor(NF-κB),and ultimately reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in mice.

Procyanidin A_1 and its digestive products alleviate acrylamide-induced IPEC-J2 cell damage through regulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway

Our previous study has revealed that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A,)can alleviate acrylamide(ACR)-induced intestine cell damage.However,the underlying mechanism remains unknown.In this study,we elucidated the molecular mechanism for and D-A_(1) to alleviate ACR-stimulated IPEC-J2 cell damage.ACR slightly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling and its target genes,but this activation could not reduce intestine cell damage.A_(1) and D-A_(1) could alleviate ACR-induced cell damage,but the effect was abrogated in cells transiently transfected with Nrf2 small interfering RNA(siRNA).Further investigation confirmed that A_(1) and D-A_(1) interacted with Ketch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keapl),which boosted the stabilization of Nrf2,subsequently promoted the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus,and further increased the expression of antioxidant proteins,thereby inhibiting glutathione(GSH)consumption,maintaining redox balance and eventually alleviating ACR-induced cell damage.Importantly,there was no difference between A_(1) and D-A_(1) treated groups,indicating that A_(1) can tolerate gastrointestinal digestion and may be a potential compound to limit the toxicity of ACR.

Effect of dual targeting procyanidins nanoparticles on metabolomics of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory macrophages

Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many inflammatory diseases.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and metabolic behavior of the dual targeting procyanidins(PC)nanoparticles on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory macrophages by metabolomics method.The double-targeting PC nanoparticles could specifi cally target both the CD44 receptor and mitochondria,while the single targeting PC-loaded nanoparticles that could target the CD44 receptor on the surface of macrophages.The double-targeting PC nanoparticles had better inhibitory effect than single-targeting PC nanoparticles on the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species overexpression induced by LPS.Amino acid metabolism,energy metabolism and purine metabolism were disordered in LPS-treated group,and metabolic pathway analysis indicated that the double-targeting PC nanoparticles reversed some of LPS impacts.The changes of these potential biomarkers and their corresponding pathways are helpful to further understand the mechanism of PC nanoparticles in alleviating inflammation,and promote their application in nutrition intervention.

Antioxidant procyanidin B2 protects oocytes against cryoinjuries via mitochondria regulated cortical tension

Background:Irreversible cryodamage caused by oocyte vitrification limited its wild application in female fertility preservation.Antioxidants were always used to antagonist the oxidative stress caused by vitrification.However,the comprehensive mechanism underlying the protective role of antioxidants has not been studied.Procyanidin B2(PCB2)is a potent natural antioxidant and its functions in response to vitrification are still unknown.In this study,the effects of PCB2 on vitrified-thawed oocytes and subsequent embryo development were explored,and the mechanisms underlying the protective role of PCB2 were systematically elucidated.Results:Vitrification induced a marked decline in oocyte quality,while PCB2 could improve oocyte viability and further development after parthenogenetic activation.A subsequent study indicated that PCB2 effectively attenuated vitrification-induced oxidative stress,rescued mitochondrial dysfunction,and improved cell viability.Moreover,PCB2 also acts as a cortical tension regulator apart from strong antioxidant properties.Increased cortical tension caused by PCB2 would maintain normal spindle morphology and promote migration,ensure correct meiosis progression and finally reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes.Further study reveals that ATP biosynthesis plays a crucial role in cortical tension regulation,and PCB2 effectively increased the cortical tension through the electron transfer chain pathway.Additionally,PCB2 would elevate the cortical tension in embryo cells at morula and blastocyst stages and further improve blastocyst quality.What's more,targeted metabolomics shows that PCB2 has a beneficial effect on blastocyst formation by mediating saccharides and amino acids metabolism.Conclusions:Antioxidant PCB2 exhibits multi-protective roles in response to vitrification stimuli through mitochondria-mediated cortical tension regulation.

葡萄籽原花青素对生长育肥猪脂质代谢及脂肪酸组成的影响

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed procyanidins,GSPs)对生长育肥猪背最长肌脂质代谢的影响。方法48头杂交猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加150、200和250 mg/kg GSPs的饲粮。试验期90 d,饲养试验结束后屠宰取背最长肌测定脂质和脂肪酸组成。结果饲粮中添加200、250 mg/kg GSPs显著降低了背最长肌甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量(p<0.05);饲粮中添加不同浓度的GSPs均提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量(p=0.010),显著降低了猪背最长肌饱和脂肪酸含量(p<0.001),200 mg/kg GSPs显著提高了单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量(p=0.004)。结论饲粮添加GSPs降低了猪背最长肌TG、TC、尤其是LDL-C的含量,降低了SFA含量,提高了MUFA和PUFA含量。200 mg/kg GSPs对于改善生长育肥猪脂质代谢和脂肪酸组成效果最好。

低共熔溶剂提取荔枝壳中的原花青素及其抗氧化活性

该研究通过建立低共熔溶剂(DES)最佳提取工艺为荔枝壳原花青素的绿色高效制备提供技术支撑。通过比较了4种低共熔溶剂与70%(V/V)乙醇提取对荔枝壳原花青素提取效率、化学构成及ORAC抗氧化活性的影响,确定氯化胆碱-1,3-丁二醇为最佳提取溶剂。HPLC分析表明4种低共熔溶剂与70%(V/V)乙醇提取的荔枝壳原花青素主要成分均为原花青素A2、芦丁、表儿茶素、原花青素B1及山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷。进一步通过单因素试验结合正交优化确定了氯化胆碱-1,3-丁二醇提取最佳工艺条件:料液比1:20(g/mL),溶剂摩尔比1:4,溶剂含水量50%(V/V),提取温度60℃,提取时间90 min,在该条件下提取液中的荔枝壳原花青素含量高达5.07 mg PE/mL,是70%(V/V)乙醇提取的1.4倍,其ORAC值及DPPH和ABTS^(+)自由基的IC_(50)值分别为5496.25μmol TE/mL、27.35μg PE/mL和23.82μg PE/mL,均优于70%(V/V)乙醇提取的原花青素(3370.17μmol TE/mL、36.41μg PE/mL和31.56μg PE/mL)(P<0.05),研究结果表明低共熔溶剂在荔枝壳原花青素提取方面具有显著优势。

基于微生物和代谢组学研究葡萄籽原花青素对鹅肠道健康的影响

本研究基于微生物和代谢组学方法,探讨饲粮添加葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对鹅肠道菌群和代谢物的影响。选择体重相近的35日龄四川白鹅144只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100和150 mg/kg GSPs。预试期7 d,正试期21 d。在63日龄时,每个重复随机选取1只鹅屠宰:取盲肠,测定组织形态指标;取盲肠内容物,测定肠道菌群和代谢物。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加50 mg/kg GSPs显著提高鹅盲肠绒毛高度(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加GSPs显著提高鹅盲肠菌群Chao1指数、可观测物种(observed_species)数和PD_whole_tree值(P<0.05),饲粮添加50和100 mg/kg GSPs显著提高盲肠菌群Shannon指数(P<0.05)。在门水平上,与对照组相比,各GSPs添加组盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度提高,盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度降低;100和150 mg/kg GSPs添加组盲肠变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度降低。在科水平上,与对照组相比,饲粮添加GSPs提高了盲肠瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、梭菌UCG-014(Clostridia_UCG-014)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和产粪甾醇真细菌群([Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group)的相对丰度,降低了盲肠颤螺菌科(Oscillospiraceae)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)和拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae)的相对丰度。在属水平上,与对照组相比,饲粮添加GSPs提高了盲肠梭菌UCG-014相对丰度,降低了拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度;饲粮添加50和100 mg/kg GSPs提高了盲肠产粪甾醇真细菌群和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)的相对丰度。3)50、100和150 mg/kg GSPs添加组与对照组之间的盲肠差异代谢物数量分别为23、18和36种[变量投影重要性(VIP)>1,P<0.05]。与对照组相比,50、100和150 mg/kg GSPs添加组共有差异代谢物亚精胺表达丰度显著下调(P<0.05)。京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)代谢通路富集分析结果表明,GSPs主要通过β-丙氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及丙酸盐代谢等途径发挥作用。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加GSPs显著提高鹅盲肠乙酸和丙酸含量(P<0.05),饲粮添加50和100 mg/kg GSPs显著提高盲肠丁酸含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加GSPs可提高鹅盲肠菌群多样性和丰富度,促进有益菌增殖,通过调节肠道菌群和代谢物改善鹅肠道健康。

火龙果皮原花青素提取及凝胶软糖的开发研究

目的:开发和利用火龙果皮的生物活性成分,研制一种富含火龙果皮原花青素提取物的无糖凝胶糖果配方。方法:以红肉火龙果果皮为原料,通过超声波辅助浸提果皮中的原花青素。探究提取温度、乙醇浓度、超声功率、提取时间等因素对其提取率的影响,以正交试验优化提取工艺;同时以山梨糖醇、木糖醇、明胶以及火龙果果皮原花青素提取物、叶黄素酯等为主要原料制备无糖凝胶软糖,通过正交试验探究胶糖比、加水量、柠檬酸添加量等对凝胶软糖品质的影响。结果:在料液比为1:20 (g/mL)、提取剂乙醇体积分数50%、超声功率180 W、超声时间30 min、恒温水浴提取温度40℃、提取2.5 h的条件下提取效果最优。根据感官评分和质构测定,最优糖果配方为木糖醇与山梨糖醇的比例为4:6,胶糖比例为0.3,加水量为28%,柠檬酸添加量为0.1%,火龙果皮原花青素提取物添加量0.4%,叶黄素酯添加量0.024%。结论:在超声波辅助浸提法的最佳条件下,提取火龙果皮中的原花青素的得率为79.2 mg/100 g。该提取物能作为色素及营养物质添加到凝胶糖果中,优化配方下制得的软糖产品具有较好的弹韧性,感官评分有所增加,具有一定的市场价值。

原花青素和原儿茶酸对淀粉消化酶的联合抑制作用

淀粉是人体获取能量主要来源,原花青素(Procyanidin,PC)和原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,PCA)等天然产物能够控制淀粉的消化,从而达到降低餐后血糖的效果。本文通过抑制率测定、Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图法、紫外光谱、荧光淬灭、等效线图解法和傅里叶红外光谱研究了PC和PCA对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。结果表明:PC对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的IC_(50)值分别为0.0524和0.0106 mg/mL,PCA分别为1.9426和1.0667 mg/mL,PCA表现出更好的抑制能力;Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图法表明PC和PCA对α-淀粉酶的抑制为混合型抑制,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制分别为非竞争性抑制和竞争性抑制。与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的结合主要依靠疏水键和氢键,通过改变酶氨基酸残基微环境,进一步改变酶结构。复配比例为1:21时对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果最优,1:37时对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果最优。两物质复配比例为1:21时CI小于1,对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出协同抑制作用;复配比例为1:37时CI小于1,对α-淀粉酶表现出协同抑制作用。本研究揭示了PC和PCA复合使用对淀粉消化酶的抑制作用机制,为开发天然降糖膳食补充剂作为健康食品辅料或药物开发提供一定理论基础。

原花青素对母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

旨在建立一套促进母猪生殖健康、提升繁殖性能的技术方法。选择健康的长大二元母猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+每天每头猪300 mg原花青素。母猪断奶前1周开始进行原花青素的添加,直至断奶后2周,共21 d。结果:在断奶前1周至断奶后2周,在母猪日粮中连续添加原花青素,显著提高了窝均总产仔数(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组窝均总产仔数提高了1.33头。血液学指标测定表明,饲喂原花青素提高了母猪的抗氧化能力和免疫力,降低炎症反应,并对肝脏功能具有一定的改善效果。综上,日粮添加原花青素对母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能都存在有益影响。

葡萄籽原花青素对不同生长阶段猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加葡萄籽原花青素对不同阶段猪生长性能的影响。试验选取48头体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验分3个生长阶段进行,对照组始终饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在第Ⅰ阶段(断奶仔猪阶段)的基础饲粮中分别添加50、100、150 mg/kg的GSPs,第Ⅱ阶段(生长猪阶段)分别添加100、150、200 mg/kg的GSPs,第Ⅲ阶段(育肥猪)分别添加150、200、250 mg/kg的GSPs进行饲喂。结果发现,在断奶仔猪阶段,饲料中添加100 mg/kg的GSPs显著提高了ADG和ADFI(P<0.05);在生长猪阶段,饲料中添加150 mg/kg的GSPs显著提高了ADG和ADFI,显著降低了F/G(P<0.05);在育肥猪阶段添加GSPs没有显著的促进作用,添加250 mg/kg的GSPs反而降低了育肥猪的生长性能。试验表明不同生长阶段猪饲料中添加适量的GSPs对断奶仔猪和生长猪的生长性能有一定的促进作用。

葡萄籽原花青素对高精料育肥绵羊肝脏炎症反应、抗氧化功能的影响及代谢组学分析

本试验旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对高精料育肥绵羊肝脏形态结构、肝脏功能、抗氧化功能及炎症反应的影响,通过非靶向代谢组学分析肝脏代谢变化。试验选取48只日龄、体重[(22.75±1.20)kg]相近的杜寒F1代杂交公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。基础饲粮精粗比为70∶30,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组在饲喂基础饲粮的同时分别再每天补饲10(LGSPs组)、20(MGSPs组)、40 mg/kg BW GSPs(HGSPs组)。试验羊单栏饲养,自由采食、饮水,GSPs于每次晨饲前单独混合于100 g基础饲粮中饲喂。试验期60 d,其中预试期15 d。结果表明:1)对照组绵羊肝细胞肿胀、空泡化严重,各GSPs添加组肝脏组织损伤均有不同程度缓解。2)随着GSPs添加水平的提高,绵羊血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量线性升高(P<0.05),血清天冬氨酸转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性线性降低(P<0.05);肝脏组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈二次曲线变化,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性线性升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量线性降低(P<0.05);肝脏组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性线性降低,炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量线性降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,MGSPs和HGSPs组血清脂多糖(LPS)和脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)随着GSPs添加水平的提高,肝脏组织中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量线性降低(P<0.05)。4)非靶向代谢组学结果表明,MGSPs组与对照组间共有99种差异代谢物,其中67种脂类物质。99种差异代谢产物中71种显著上调,28种显著下调。共有差异代谢物富集在癌症中的胆碱代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、逆行内源性大麻素信号、自噬-其他/动物等潜在靶向通路。综上所述,GSPs可以提高高精料饲粮条件下绵羊肝脏抗氧化功能,降低炎症因子含量,并可能通过调节肝脏脂质代谢、胆碱代谢及肝细胞自噬共同应答肝脏炎性反应和氧化应激,缓解炎性损伤。

葡萄籽原花青素对饲喂高精料绵羊结肠上皮屏障的影响及作用机制研究

【目的】探究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对高精料绵羊结肠上皮屏障的影响及通过Nrf2/ARE通路保护结肠上皮损伤的作用机制。【方法】选取48只120日龄、体重(22.75 kg±1.20 kg)相近的杜寒F1代杂交公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。各组试验羔羊基础饲粮中GSPs的添加量分别为0(对照组,CON)、10(10GSPs组)、20(20GSPs组)、40(40GSPs组)mg/kg BW。试验期60 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期45 d。正试期结束次日早晨每组屠宰6只羊,采集结肠组织进行形态学和炎性细胞浸润分析,检测结肠组织白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-4、前列腺素E2(PGE2)等炎症因子水平及核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPx4)等相关基因和蛋白表达量。【结果】(1)对照组羔羊结肠黏膜上皮细胞严重缺失,固有层裸露,肠腺排列疏松,间隙增宽,紧密连接蛋白缺失、受损,而20GSPs和40GSPs组羔羊结肠形态结构和紧密连接蛋白分布表达正常;(2)随着GSPs添加量的升高,羔羊结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)酶活性及一氧化氮(NO)、PGE2、IL-2水平线性降低(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,20GSPs和40GSPs组羔羊结肠组织中Nrf2、OH-1基因和蛋白表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),40GSPs组结肠组织中GPx4基因表达量升高(P<0.05);(4)与对照组相比,20GSPs和40GSPs组羔羊结肠组织中Toll-样受体4(TLR4)基因和蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),40GSPs组结肠组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)P65基因和蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05);20GSPs和40GSPs组羔羊结肠组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因和蛋白及IL-1β蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】GSPs可以通过激活Nrf2通路,抑制NF-κB炎症信号通路活化,降低结肠组织局部炎症,缓解饲喂高精料绵羊结肠上皮组织损伤。

原花青素通过调节PI3K/Akt/VEGF信号通路对牙龈炎大鼠的作用机制研究

目的探讨原花青素通过调节磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路对牙龈炎大鼠的潜在作用机制。方法通过丝线缝扎大鼠上颌双侧第1磨牙牙颈部+涂抹麦芽糖+喂食20%蔗糖溶液及软食的方法构建牙龈炎大鼠模型,将造模成功的48只大鼠随机分为模型组、原花青素组(160 mg/kg)、740Y-P组(PI3K/Akt信号通路激活剂,0.02mg/kg)、原花青素+740Y-P组(原花青素160 mg/kg+740Y-P 0.02 mg/kg),每组12只;另取12只大鼠作为对照组。各药物组大鼠灌胃或/和腹腔注射相应药液,每天1次,连续7 d。末次给药结束24 h后,测定大鼠牙龈指数,检测其龈沟液中白细胞介素18(IL-18)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平以及牙龈组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、活性氧(ROS)水平,观察大鼠牙龈组织的病理形态并检测其牙龈组织中PI3K/Akt/VEGF信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠牙龈组织存在局部组织扩张充血、新生毛细血管出现、胶原纤维变性丢失且排列紊乱、大量炎症细胞浸润龈沟壁等病理改变;其牙龈指数,龈沟液中IL-18、iNOS、ALP水平,牙龈组织中ROS水平,PI3K、Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平以及VEGF蛋白的表达水平均显著升高,牙龈组织中SOD、CAT水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,原花青素组大鼠牙龈组织病理损伤减轻,上述各定量指标均显著改善(P<0.05),且740Y-P能逆转原花青素对各指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论原花青素可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt/VEGF信号通路来缓解牙龈炎大鼠的牙龈组织损伤,改善牙龈炎症和氧化应激。

添加单宁酸和原花青素对油菜氮素利用率和氧化亚氮排放的影响

提高农田生态系统养分利用效率、降低土壤N_(2)O排放是农业绿色可持续发展的重要任务。本研究利用盆栽试验探讨了原花青素、单宁酸等植物提取物对北方石灰性土壤油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生物量、N_(2)O排放以及氮素利用率的影响。试验设计了单施尿素(UR)、尿素+低量原花青素(PC1)、尿素+高量原花青素(PC2)、尿素+低量单宁酸(TA1)和尿素+高量单宁酸(TA2)5个处理,采用静态箱技术测定了各处理N_(2)O排放。结果表明:与UR处理相比,(1)PC1、PC2、TA1和TA2处理提高了油菜的产量(增幅为7.9%~17.9%)及含氮量(增幅为10.3%~23.2%);(2)显著降低了土壤NO_(2)-和NO3-等无机氮含量;(3)PC1、PC2、TA1和TA2等处理均显著降低了油菜生育期N_(2)O排放量,其中原花青素处理N_(2)O减排率为28.1%~33%,单宁酸处理的减排率为32.9%~41.5%;(4)油菜的氮素利用率提高了5.0%~9.7%。综上所述,在北方石灰性土壤施用原花青素、单宁酸不仅显著降低了N_(2)O排放,还有助于提高油菜的产量和氮素利用率,这为富含原花青素、单宁酸等植物提取物的绿色循环利用与北方石灰性农田土壤N_(2)O减排相结合提供了新思路和新途径。

螺旋藻蛋白-原花青素稳定亚麻籽油品质的研究

为研究螺旋藻蛋白-原花青素复合物稳定亚麻籽油乳液品质的影响,选取由弱碱性电解水溶解后经过高压均质提取出纯度为98.14%的螺旋藻蛋白,通过超声混合与原花青素以1∶2(V∶V)形成复合物,该复合物具有一定的抗氧化能力。以脂质氧化分析(POV值、TBARS值)、光学显微镜微观结构和外观形态分析为主要指标,研究蛋白浓度、原花青素浓度及油相体积占比对乳液稳定性的影响,初步得出螺旋藻蛋白-原花青素复合物乳液POV值、TBARS值均低于仅用蛋白制备的乳液,且在低蛋白浓度、高原花青素浓度以及适当油相体积占比的条件下低温保存,能更好的延缓乳液的脂质氧化,提高乳液储存稳定性,也为开发螺旋藻蛋白-亚麻籽油乳液产品提供新思路。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探索原花青素治疗酒精性肝损伤的作用机制研究

目的 基于网络药理学及动物实验验证的方法探讨原花青素治疗酒精性肝损伤的作用靶点及机制。方法 采用Pubchem和SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测原花青素的潜在作用靶点,并检索酒精性肝损伤疾病相关靶点,提取原花青素与酒精性肝损伤的共同靶点,利用蛋白相互作用数据库(String)构建蛋白质—蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,通过Cytoscape 3.9.1软件对关键靶点进行网络拓扑学分析,建立“原花青素—核心靶基因”网络,对核心靶基因进行GO及KEGG富集分析以探究原花青素治疗酒精性肝损伤可能的分子机制,并运用AutoDock4.2.6的可视化软件对活性成分与关键靶点进行分子对接结果验证。以红星二锅头灌胃的方式建立急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型,HE染色观察各组小鼠肝脏形态学变化,试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清AST和ALT水平,RT-qPCR检测各组小鼠肝脏中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10的mRNA相对表达量,WB检测各组小鼠肝脏中Akt、p-Akt、NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65和VEGF的蛋白表达水平。结果 网络药理学方法筛选除出原花青素治疗酒精性肝损伤关键基因10个,包括血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、雌激素受体基因1(ESR1)、β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶14(MAPK14)等。KEGG富集分析预测原花青素主要是通过内分泌抵抗(Endocrine resistance)、癌症信号通路(Proteoglycans in cancer、MicroRNAs in cancer、Bladder cancer)、催乳素信号通路(Prolactin signaling pathway)、雌激素信号通路(Estrogen signaling pathway)等发挥干预作用。分子对接结果显示,原花青素可以与Akt、APP、ESR1、MDM2、MET、NF-κB p65和VEGFA进行对接,对接结果良好,与阳性对照相比相差较小,其结合能分别为-0.51、-0.73、-1.64、-0.55、-1.45、-0.5和-2.62 kcal/mol。动物实验结果显示,与模型组相比,原花青素各剂量组肝脏组织结构、肝脏细胞肿胀程度以及局灶性炎症细胞浸润明显改善,其血清ALT、AST水平明显下降,并且肝脏中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA相对表达量以及p-NF-κB p65、VEGF的蛋白表达水平显著降低,IL-10的mRNA相对表达量和p-Akt的蛋白表达水平显著升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.001)。结论 原花青素可以改善酒精性肝损伤,其可能与调控Akt/NF-κB信号通路和VEGF相关。

Structural Elucidation of the Polymeric Condensed Tannins of Acacia nilotica Subspecies by ^(13)C NMR, MALDI-TOF and TMA as Sources of Bioadhesives

Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica,Acacia nilotica nilotica(Ann),Acacia nilotica tomentosa(Ant)and Acacia nilotica adansonii(Ana).The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate their reactivity as bioadhesives in the wood industry.The extracts were prepared by hot water extraction(90°C tem-perature).Their gel time with paraformaldehyde was used atfirst to compare their reactivity.The tannin contents and the percentage of total polyphenolic materials in different solutions of the extracts spray dried powder were determined by the hide powder method.Concentrated solutions(47%)were tested by both MALDI ToF,13CNMR.The thermomechanical analysis(TMA)was performed to evaluate their modulus of elasticity(MOE)at different pHs.The gel times of all the three tannin extracts showed that their reactivity and it was com-parable to other known procyanidin/prodelphinidin tannin extract types.Ana,Ann and Ant showed highest per-cent of total polyphenolic materials at 70%,64%,and 57%,respectively.The 13CNMR spectra showed that the three subspecies of condensed tannins were mainly constituted of procyanidins(PC)and prodelphinidins(PD)in slightly different ratios.Ann(56.5%PC and 43.4%PD),Ant(57%PC and 43%PD)and Ana(58%PC and 42%PD).MALDI–TOF spectra showed the presence offlavonoid monomers,and oligomers some of which linked to short carbohydrates monomers or dimers.TMA revealed that the three types of tannins had high MOE at their initial pH(5).

文山紫米品种米糠活性物质的分析研究

以国家级优质籼稻软米云恢290和石屏紫米加工的米糠为对照,以文山本地紫米资源文紫恢8号为原料,研究其米糠中含有的活性物质,并对活性物质进行对比检测分析。结果表明,文紫恢8号米糠中的活性物质含量要高于石屏紫米,其γ-谷维素含量高于云恢290。研究结果为深入探索文山本地紫米资源米糠潜在利用价值和后续产品的开发奠定了一定的基础。