Epidural Blood Patches Performed with Miethke Sensor Reservoir for Continuous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a procedure performed by injecting autologous blood into a patient’s epidural space, usually at the site of a suspected CSF leak. It is typically performed in patients with characteristic postural headaches due to low intracranial pressure. We report a case of a young female with an implanted Miethke Sensor Reservoir, which was used for continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring during a two-level epidural blood patch. ICP increased only with thoracic injection, suggesting thoracic EBP may have greater efficacy than lumbar EBP in treating SIH and PDPH when the site of CSF leak is unknown.

Effects of Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring on Intraoperative Hemodynamics and Postoperative Myocardial Injury in Craniotomy:Comparison Between Groups Based on Self-Control and Propensity Score Matching

Objective:To explore the effect of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative myocardial injury in craniotomy.Methods:120 cases of elective craniotomy were divided into the self-control group(continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure monitoring,CNAP group)and propensity score matching group(only intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure measurement in previous craniotomy,PSM group);Goal-directed hemodynamic management in CNAP group included heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),stroke volume(SV),stroke variability(SVV),and systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI).The main index is to compare the troponin level within 72 hours after operation between the CNAP group and the PSM group;The secondary indicators are the comparison of the hemodynamic conditions between the CNAP group and the PSM at 10 specific time points.Results:The incidence of postoperative myocardial injury in the CNAP group was significantly lower than that in the PSM group(12%vs.30%,P=0.01);in the CNAP group hypotensive episodes(6 vs.3,P=0.01),positive balance of fluid therapy(700 vs.500 mL,P<0.001),more use of vasoactive drugs(29 vs.18,P=0.04),more stable hemodynamics medical status(P=0.03)were recorded.Conclusion:The hemodynamic management strategy based on continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring can reduce the incidence of myocardial injury after elective craniotomy and maintain a more stable hemodynamic state.

Noncontact Monitoring of Relative Changes in Blood Pressure Using Microwave Radar Sensors

This study aims to confirm whether noncontact monitoring of relative changes in blood pressure can be estimated using microwave radar sensors. First, an equation to estimate blood pressure was derived, after which, the effectiveness of the estimation equation was confirmed using data obtained by a noncontact method while inducing variations in blood pressure. We considered that the Bramwell-Hill equation, which contains some parameters that directly indicate changes in blood pressure, would be an appropriate reference to construct an estimation equation for the noncontact method, because measurements using microwave radar sensors can measure minute scale motion on the skin surface induced by the pulsation of blood vessels. In order to estimate relative changes in blood pressure, we considered a simple equation including the pulse transit time (PTT), amplitude of signals and body dimensions as parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the equation for estimating changes in blood pressure, two experiments were conducted: a cycling task using an ergometer, which induces blood pressure fluctuations because of changes in cardiac output, and a task using the Valsalva maneuver, which induces blood pressure fluctuations because of changes in vascular resistance. The results obtained from the two experiments suggested that the proposed equation using microwave radar sensors can accurately estimate relative changes of blood pressure. In particular, relatively favorable results were obtained for the changes in blood pressure induced by the changes in cardiac volume. Although many issues remain, this method could be expected to contribute to the continuous evaluation of cardiac function while reducing the burden on patients.

Correlation study of relative parameters of intracranial pressure and prognosis of patient with craniocerebral injury

Objective:To analyze the correlation of the relative parameters of intracranial pressure to the prognosis in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and all of these patients underwent conventional examinations of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure.Neumatic DCR system was used to monitor relative parameters of intracranial pressure from patients.According to the score of Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)upon discharge,they were divided into favorable prognosis group(GOSⅢ-Ⅴ,n=46)and unfavorable prognosis group(GOSⅠ-Ⅱ,n=34).The relative parameters of intracranial pressure of two groups were compared so as to analyze the correlation of the prognosis in patients to ICP-related parameters.Results:Pressure reactivity index(PRx)and intracranial pressure(ICP)of favorable prognosis group were significantly higher than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=12.27,t=5.22,p<0.05).Meanwhile,cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)and ICP-ABP wave amplitude correlation(IAAC)of favorable prognosis group were significantly lower than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=14.54,t=14.78,p<0.05).The average age,gender,duration of admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)and GCS(Glasgow coma scale)score on admission of the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The prognosis and ICP-related parameters(such as PRx,ICP,CPP,etc.)in patients with craniocerebral injury are risk factors for the prognosis effect.Therefore,to monitor the above-mentioned indicators has an important clinical value for assessing the prognosis of craniocerebral injury.

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion pressure,and brain oxygenation in acute brain injury:Friend or foe?A scoping review

Background Patients with acute brain injury(ABI)are a peculiar population because ABI does not only affect the brain but also other organs such as the lungs,as theorized in brain–lung crosstalk models.ABI patients often require mechanical ventilation(MV)to avoid the complications of impaired respiratory function that can follow ABI;MV should be settled with meticulousness owing to its effects on the intracranial compartment,especially regarding positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP).This scoping review aimed to(1)describe the physiological basis and mechanisms related to the effects of PEEP in ABI;(2)examine how clinical research is conducted on this topic;(3)identify methods for setting PEEP in ABI;and(4)investigate the impact of the application of PEEP in ABI on the outcome.Methods The five-stage paradigm devised by Peters et al.and expanded by Arksey and O'Malley,Levac et al.,and the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for methodology.We also adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)extension criteria.Inclusion criteria:we compiled all scientific data from peer-reviewed journals and studies that discussed the application of PEEP and its impact on intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion pressure,and brain oxygenation in adult patients with ABI.Exclusion criteria:studies that only examined a pediatric patient group(those under the age of 18),experiments conducted solely on animals;studies without intracranial pressure and/or cerebral perfusion pressure determinations,and studies with incomplete information.Two authors searched and screened for inclusion in papers published up to July 2023 using the PubMed-indexed online database.Data were presented in narrative and tubular form.Results The initial search yielded 330 references on the application of PEEP in ABI,of which 36 met our inclusion criteria.PEEP has recognized beneficial effects on gas exchange,but it produces hemodynamic changes that should be predicted to avoid undesired consequences on cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.Moreover,the elastic properties of the lungs influence the transmission of the forces applied by MV over the brain so they should be taken into consideration.Currently,there are no specific tools that can predict the effect of PEEP on the brain,but there is an established need for a comprehensive monitoring approach for these patients,acknowledging the etiology of ABI and the measurable variables to personalize MV.Conclusion PEEP can be safely used in patients with ABI to improve gas exchange keeping in mind its potentially harmful effects,which can be predicted with adequate monitoring supported by bedside non-invasive neuromonitoring tools.

A microscale optical implant for continuous in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure(IOP)is a key clinical parameter in glaucoma management.However,despite the potential utility of daily measurements of IOP in the context of disease management,the necessary tools are currently lacking,and IOP is typically measured only a few times a year.Here we report on a microscale implantable sensor that could provide convenient,accurate,ondemand IOP monitoring in the home environment.When excited by broadband near-infrared(NIR)light from a tungsten bulb,the sensor’s optical cavity reflects a pressure-dependent resonance signature that can be converted to IOP.NIR light is minimally absorbed by tissue and is not perceived visually.The sensor’s nanodot-enhanced cavity allows for a 3–5 cm readout distance with an average accuracy of 0.29 mm Hg over the range of 0–40 mm Hg.Sensors were mounted onto intraocular lenses or silicone haptics and secured inside the anterior chamber in New Zealand white rabbits.Implanted sensors provided continuous in vivo tracking of short-term transient IOP elevations and provided continuous measurements of IOP for up to 4.5 months.

重型创伤性脑损伤去骨瓣减压应用改良Paine点穿刺监测脑室内颅内压的优势

目的探讨重型创伤性脑损伤(TBI)开颅去骨瓣减压术(DC)中应用改良Paine点穿刺行脑室内颅内压(ICP)监测探头置入的优势。方法回顾性分析2020年4月-2022年4月嘉兴市第二医院收治的48例重型TBI患者的临床资料。所有患者均行DC联合脑室内ICP监护术,按照ICP监测术式的不同,分为观察组(23例)与对照组(25例),其中观察组行DC切口内改良Paine点穿刺脑室内ICP监测探头置入术,对照组行传统DC对侧切口颅骨钻孔经Kocher点脑室内ICP监测探头置入术。比较两组术前一般资料、手术用时、术后甘露醇使用剂量及持续时间、ICP监测持续时间、术后再出血率、颅内感染率、术后3个月时格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果两组一般资料、甘露醇使用剂量、甘露醇持续时间和ICP监测持续时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组手术用时、术后再出血率、颅内感染率明显少于或低于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后3个月GOS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相较传统的DC对侧切口颅骨钻孔经Kocher点行脑室内ICP监测探头置入术,重型脑外伤DC术中通过切口内改良Paine点穿刺行脑室内ICP监测探头置入术可缩短手术用时,降低术后再出血率、颅内感染率。

中重度颅脑损伤颅内压波幅监测与甘露醇应用的关系及预后情况研究

目的探究中重度颅脑损伤患者颅内压波幅监测与甘露醇应用的关系及患者预后情况。方法选取中重度颅脑损伤患者80例,按随机数字表法将其分为2组,实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用单纯监测颅内压,若患者单纯监测颅内压>22 mmHg则应用甘露醇,观察组采用平均颅内压波幅监测,若患者平均颅内压波幅(MWA)>5 mmHg则应用甘露醇。观察2组甘露醇应用总量、甘露醇应用时间、甘露醇相关并发症发生率及治疗后3个月预后情况。结果2组患者性别、年龄、格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(GCS)评分、损伤原因、出血部位等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组甘露醇应用总量、甘露醇应用时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者在急性肾衰竭、血容量不足、心律失常等并发症比较上,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在高渗状态、电解质紊乱、静脉炎等并发症发生率上,观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组预后良好率为75.00%,显著高于对照组的52.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中重度颅脑损伤患者采用平均颅内压波幅(MWA)监测并应用甘露醇治疗,在减少甘露醇应用总量、应用时间和甘露醇相关并发症的同时,可以提高预后良好率,具有一定的临床应用价值。

有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的:探讨有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压法治疗重型颅脑损伤者的应用价值。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年7月肇庆市第一人民医院收治的82例重型颅脑外伤者作为研究对象,将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各41例。患者均未行手术治疗,且处于急性期。对照组常规监测生命体征变化情况,试验组行脑室型有创颅内压监测探头植入术。比较两组颅内压、并发症发生率(迟发血肿、术后脑梗塞)、死亡率、格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分及预后情况。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,对照组颅内压指标高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h、72 h、7 d,两组GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,对照组恢复良好率低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压疗法应用于重型颅脑损伤患者中效果理想,可改善患者颅内压指标,降低术后并发症发生率及死亡率,患者可更快恢复意识,改善预后。

术中B超指引颅内压传感器置入移位、变形脑室的应用价值

目的 分析探讨术中B超在重型颅脑外伤脑疝患者去骨瓣减压术中脑室型颅内压监护传感器置入变形、移位脑室的临床应用价值。方法 对34例重型颅脑外伤脑疝需先行去骨瓣减压术的患者,去骨瓣减压后在B超指导下行脑室穿刺,对这些患者脑室型颅内压传感器穿刺到位情况、并发症情况回顾分析。结果 34例患者均成功置入脑室,其中33例首次置入成功,无术后颅内感染及穿刺相关出血病例。结论 术中B超指导去骨瓣减压术后行脑室型颅内压监护传感器置入变形移位脑室安全有效,值得应用推广。

经额定位联合颅内压监测下微创手术治疗基底节区脑出血的疗效观察

目的探讨经额简易定位软通道联合颅内压监测下微创手术治疗椭圆形基底节区脑出血的效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月右江民族医学院附属医院神经外科在简易定位后经额软通道微创手术治疗的70例椭圆形基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料,根据术前是否行颅内压(ICP)监测传感器置入术将其分为监测组26例和对照组44例,比较两组患者的一般资料、血肿清除率、术后甘露醇使用时间、术后住院时间、术后出血率、术后颅内感染率、术后1个月格拉斯哥预后分级(GOS)评分、预后良好率、术后3个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分等指标之间的差异。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、出血量、是否中线移位、是否破入脑室等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);监测组患者的血肿清除率为(58.72±13.61)%,明显高于对照组的(50.58±15.50)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);监测组患者的术后甘露醇使用时间和住院时间分别为(3.00±2.06)d、(11.31±3.82)d,明显短于对照组的(8.23±4.29)d、(14.73±6.01)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的术后出血率、术后颅内感染率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);监测组患者术后1个月的GOS评分为(3.96±0.96)分,明显高于对照组的(3.39±1.08)分,预后良好率为69.23%,明显高于对照组的38.64%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);监测组患者术后3个月的mRS评分为(0.88±1.18)分,明显低于对照组的(2.39±1.40)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在经额简易定位软通道联合颅内压监测下进行椭圆形基底节区脑出血微创手术治疗,血肿清除率较高,能有效改善患者的预后。

老年人群血压变异性与无症状性未破裂颅内动脉瘤直径的相关性研究

目的探讨老年患者血压变异性与无症状性未破裂颅内动脉瘤直径的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日于北京老年医院神经内科住院经脑血管造影确诊为无症状颅内未破裂动脉瘤(UIA),并完成24小时动态血压监测(24h ABPM)的老年患者83例。比较两组的一般资料与24h ABPM参数,采用Spearman相关性分析探讨24h ABPM参数与动脉瘤直径的相关性,并采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨老年颅内未破裂动脉瘤直径的独立影响因素。结果两组患者相比,目前吸烟、高血压病程、血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平之间存在统计学差异(P<0.05),其中大动脉瘤组患者目前吸烟比例更高,高血压病程更久,血清HCY、hs-CRP水平更高。大动脉瘤组24小时收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、24小时舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)高于小动脉瘤组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Spearman相关性分析显示24hSSD、24hDSD、nSSD、nDSD与动脉瘤直径呈正相关(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示目前吸烟、高血压病程、24hDSD是动脉瘤直径大小的影响因素。结论大动脉瘤的老年患者高血压病程更长、血压变异性(BPV)更高。舒张压标准差对预测动脉瘤增长有一定的意义。

颅内压监测和脑氧监测在颅脑损伤中应用的研究进展

颅脑损伤(TBI)的发病率、致残率及病死率高。继发颅内亚(ICP)增高和脑缺血缺氧严重影响TBI病人的预后。与单纯ICP监测相比,ICP联合脑氧监测可更好地评估病人脑血流灌注及脑组织氧合情况,能为矫正病人脑氧代谢失衡提供及时、准确的依据。本文将简述TBI继发ICP增高和脑缺血缺氧的机制,并就近年来ICP监测和脑氧监测在TBI病人诊疗中单独及联合应用进展进行综述,以期为TBI病人的临床诊治及神经多模态监测研究提供参考。

经鼻无创高频振荡通气联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

目的分析经鼻无创高频震荡通气联合经皮二氧化碳分压(TcPCO_(2))和经皮氧分压(TcPO_(2))监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用。方法选择2019年10月至2021年10月收治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征无创呼吸支持治疗的早产儿80例,采用随机数字法分为改良组(经鼻无创高频震荡通气)和对照组(经鼻持续正压通气)。每组40例。2组均联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测。观察2组通气0、6、12、24 h后的pH值、TcPCO_(2)/TcPO_(2)指标、无创通气时间、治疗失败转为气管插管机械通气率、并发症发生率及病死率。结果通气0 h,2组血液pH值、TcPCO_(2)、TcPO_(2)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,改良组通气6、12、24 h血液pH值、TcPO_(2)均明显升高,TcPCO_(2)均明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,无创通气时间和治疗失败转为气管插管机械通气率均明显降低(P<0.05)。2组气漏、腹胀、鼻部损伤、肺出血、感染性肺炎等并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组病死率为5.00%(2/40),改良组病死率为2.50%(1/40),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经鼻无创高频震荡通气联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中应用价值较高,可改善患儿呼吸功能,降低气管插管机械通气率,且不会增加并发症的发生。

持续动脉压监测对经桡动脉入路脑血管造影术中导管扭转打结的预防价值

目的探讨经桡动脉入路脑血管造影中持续动脉压监测在发现导管扭转打结中的作用。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年12月接受经桡动脉入路脑血管造影的116例缺血性脑血管病患者的临床病例资料,其中80例造影过程中接受持续动脉压监测(测压组),另36例作为无测压组。在操作过程中,动脉压力差变小甚至曲线变平提示导管某段发生扭转打结。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、主动脉弓型等基本临床病例信息,手术适应证、透视时间、手术时间,以及造影过程中导管扭转打结发生率。结果两组患者性别、年龄、主动脉弓型、透视时间、手术时间差异均无统计学意义。测压组动脉导管扭转打结发生率低于无测压组(0 vs 8.33%,P=0.047)。结论持续动脉压力监测有助于发现早期桡动脉入路脑血管造影过程中导管扭转打结,进而降低相关并发症的发生,值得推广应用。

基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络模型利用光学体积描记术重建动脉血压波信号

目的直接动脉血压(arterial blood pressure,ABP)连续监测是侵入式的,传统袖带式的间接血压测量法无法实现连续监测。既往利用光学体积描记术(photoplethysmography,PPG)实现了连续无创血压监测,但其为收缩压和舒张压的离散值,而非ABP波的连续值,本研究期望基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-LSTM)利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。方法构建CNN-LSTM混合神经网络模型,利用重症监护医学信息集(medical information mart for intensive care,MIMIC)中的PPG与ABP波同步记录信号数据,将PPG信号波经预处理降噪、归一化、滑窗分割后输入该模型,重建与之同步对应的ABP波信号。结果使用窗口长度312的CNN-LSTM神经网络时,重建ABP值与实际ABP值间误差最小,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)和均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)分别为2.79 mmHg和4.24 mmHg,余弦相似度最大,重建ABP值与实际ABP值一致性和相关性情况良好,符合美国医疗器械促进协会(Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,AAMI)标准。结论CNN-LSTM混合神经网络可利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。

持续腰大池引流术与脑脊液置换术治疗自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的效果比较

目的:比较持续腰大池引流术与脑脊液置换术治疗自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的效果。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年10月该院收治的60例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组各30例。对照组采用脑脊液置换术治疗,研究组采用持续腰大池引流术治疗,比较两组临床相关指标水平、手术前后颅内压、预后良好率、术后1个月内并发症发生率和术后神经功能指标[血清神经轴突导向因子-1(netrin-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)]水平。结果:研究组血肿清除率高于对照组,头痛消失时间、颅内压恢复正常时间和脑脊液转清时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后5、7 d,研究组颅内压均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组预后良好率为93.33%(28/30),高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组术后并发症发生率为3.33%(1/30),低于对照组的26.67%(8/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组MMP-9水平均低于术后5 d,且研究组低于对照组,两组netrin-1水平均高于术后5 d,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:持续腰大池引流术治疗自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者可提高预后良好率,改善临床相关指标和神经功能指标水平,降低颅内压和并发症发生率,效果优于脑脊液置换术治疗。

Optic nerve sheath diameters in nontraumatic brain injury:A scoping review and role in the intensive care unit

BACKGROUND Neuromonitoring in medical intensive care units is challenging as most patients are unfit for invasive intracranial pressure(ICP)modalities or unstable to transport for imaging.Ultrasonography-based optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)is an attractive option as it is reliable,repeatable and easily performed at the bedside.It has been sufficiently validated in traumatic brain injury(TBI)to be incorporated into the guidelines.However,currently the data for non-TBI patients is inconsistent for a scientific recommendation to be made.AIM To compile the existing evidence for understanding the scope of ONSD in measuring ICP in adult non-traumatic neuro-critical patients.METHODS PubMed,Google Scholar and research citation analysis databases were searched for studies in adult patients with non-traumatic causes of raised ICP.Studies from 2010 to 2024 in English languages were included.RESULTS We found 37 articles relevant to our search.The cutoff for ONSD in predicting ICP varied from 4.1 to 6.3 mm.Most of the articles used cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure followed by raised ICP on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging as the comparator parameter.ONSD was also found to be a reliable outcome measure in cases of acute ischaemic stroke,intracerebral bleeding and intracranial infection.However,ONSD is of doubtful utility in septic metabolic encephalopathy,dysnatremias and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.CONCLUSION ONSD is a useful tool for the diagnosis of raised ICP in non-traumatic neuro-critically ill patients and may also have a role in the prognostication of a subset of patients.

颅脑损伤监测设备的研究现状与发展展望

介绍了当前国内外颅脑损伤监测设备的研究现状和发展历程,分析了颅内压监护仪、脑电图仪和近红外脑功能成像仪等有创和无创颅脑损伤监测设备的工作原理、技术特点以及存在的不足,指出了多模态监测和人工智能大数据分析是未来颅脑损伤监测设备的发展方向。

压力反应性指数在颅脑损伤中的研究进展

本文对颅内压(ICP)监测的意义进行了全面回顾和分析,包括压力反应性指数的发现、测量方法、优点和局限性,以及压力反应性指数的衍生参数及其影响患者预后的机制。用于确定压力反应性指数的方法分为侵入性和非侵入性的方法。压力反应性指数可以帮助评估患者的预后,计算最佳的脑灌注值,并提高受损大脑的耐受性。此外,其衍生参数在评估颅脑损伤患者的预后上也有良好的表现。本文详细介绍了压力反应性指数的研究进展。