A Comparative Study between EnglishUpand ChineseShang

The paper is based on cognitive framework with an aim to find out cognition of certain concept in English and Chinese by comparing usages of English up and Chinese shang. Starting from their usages in spatial domain, the paper emphasizes their metaphorical usages in four domains: quantity domain, state domain, social domain and time domain. The result proves that people of different cultures may share the same cognition of similar concepts based on common bodily experiences.

Xu Shuwei,master of school of cold-induced diseases

Xu Shuwei,also known as Xu Zike and Xu Jinquan,was from Baisha,Zhengzhou(present Yizheng,Jiangsu Province).He was a famous master of the school of cold-induced diseases.His writings included the Hundred Patterns of Cold-Induced Diseases in Rhymes(Shang Han Bai Zheng Ge),Discussing the Elaborations on the Subtleties of the Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(Shang Han Fa Wei Lun),Ninety Discussions on the Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(Shang Han Jiu Shi Lun),Zhonjing's Illustrations of 36 Pulse Conditions(Zhong Jing San Shi Liu Zhong Mai Fa Tu),etc.

A Preliminary Study of the Relevance of Zhu You Shu and Narrative Medicine

Zhu You Shu(祝由术a form of traditional Chinese spiritual healing)originated and was extensively utilized in China.This paper illustrates the origin,concept and techniques of Zhu You Shu in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and explores the correlation between Zhu You Shu and the three focuses and three elements of narrative medicine.The elements of Zhu You Shu,such as Zhu Shuo Bing You(祝说病由explaining the original cause of the disease)and Qing Zhi Xiang Sheng(情志相胜generation and restraint of emotions)share fundamental similarities with narrative medicine.Based on the principles and the interoperability of Zhu You Shu and narrative medicine,the doctor engages in active listening and communication with the patient to establish a trusting relationship.Utilizing the Qing Zhi Xiang Sheng technique,the doctor seeks to understand and regulate the patient's psychological processes.By integrating psychological cues,the aim is to restore emotional balance and enhance the patient's emotional and mental well-being while fostering a lasting emotional bond and providing spiritual support.Zhu You Shu has the potential to enhance the clinical pathway of narrative medicine in TCM.Simultaneously,the progress of narrative medicine will offer more sophisticated contemporary medical theories to assist the advancement of Zhu You Shu.

中国商环(Shang Ring)男性包皮环切技术临床应用研究进展

男性包皮环切能显著降低男性阴茎-阴道性交获得性HIV感染风险大约60%,被WHO和联合国艾滋病规划署(UNAIDS)推荐作为HIV预防策略中的一个重要干预措施。寻求一种更加安全、有效和可接受的男性包皮环切器械和手术方法,以便能够满足加快执行扩大包皮环切预防HIV感染项目的需求,已经成为相关国际组织,特别是非洲国家政府公共卫生事业的当务之急。2008年中国商环(Shang Ring)包皮环切标准化手术方案的建立,以及应用这个标准化手术方案和手术培训在中国以及2009年和2010年在肯尼亚实施中国商环成人包皮环切手术获得有用的和有意义的临床数据,证明了中国商环包皮环切术的诸多优势。手术培训手册和教学视频的多次修订为培训医护人员提供了更加准确的教学指南。经过多家相关国际机构专家的考察和评估,中国商环包皮环切技术已经成为支持在非洲HIV高发地区扩大包皮环切服务预防HIV感染项目最具潜力的候选包皮环切器械之一。可以预计,中国商环包皮环切技术的成功应用将会在改变数百万非洲人的生活方式的同时,也为中国男科学与泌尿外科学医生在包皮环切与HIV预防和生殖健康相关的临床研究领域提供了丰富的机会。本文报告了2008年2月至2010年底期间中国商环包皮环切技术临床应用的国际和国内研究进展。

SHU 9119对小鼠发情周期中Ghrelin表达的影响

为了研究SHU9119与ghrelin之间的潜在的生理学关系,本试验选择4周龄的C57BL/6小鼠下丘脑和卵巢组织为研究材料,对小鼠发情周期中SHU9119介导的ghrelin mRNA在下丘脑和卵巢部位表达水平进行研究。结果表明,正常生理条件下小鼠间情期下丘脑保持较高水平的ghrelin mRNA表达,而在卵巢内其表达水平相对较低;腹腔注射SHU9119(50μg/kg体重)可极显著抑制下丘脑中ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.01),同时显著促进小鼠间情期卵巢Ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。然而,SHU9119并未引起小鼠发情前期、发情期和发情后期ghrelin mRNA表达量的显著差异。上述结果表明,SHU9119可能通过MC4R系统调节间情期小鼠ghrelin的变化,而不参与其他性周期ghrelin mRNA表达量的相关调控。

On Wisdom of "Luo Shu" and Classical Chinese Garden Art

As a thinking pattern,"Luo Shu" has been widely used in the classical Chinese garden art with its core lying in the application of nine-palace square.This paper analyzed the wide application of "Luo Shu" wisdom in classical Chinese garden art,which can be summarized into 3 respects including the creation technique of yin and yang(masculine and feminine elements) contrast,the overall-balanced gardening concept and the aesthetic pursuit in curve design.Through analyzing the application of numbers in the "Luo Shu" pattern,the application of contrast,balance and harmony in classical Chinese garden were revealed.

SHU555A标记间充质千细胞心肌内磁共振成像的策略优化

目的目前研究表明,超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记干细胞后,可进行心肌内移植磁共振活体示踪,但由于标记效率较低,加上大动物心电门控和呼吸控制效果较差,磁共振图像质量差强人意。本实验采用SHU555A(Resovist)纳米微粒标记猪骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),对标记方法和标记细胞磁共振成像进行方法学优化,以期提高磁共振成像质量。方法①细胞磁标记方法的优化:分离培养猪MSCs。将SHU555A和非特异性转染剂PLL以1:0．03的比例用无血清的DMEM培养液稀释,制成含铁终浓度分别为0、25、50、100和200 g／mL的SHU555A-PLL标记培养液,室温下轻摇混合60 min,形成SHU555A-PLL复合物,标记猪MSCs 24 h以确定最佳标记浓度;然后以该浓度与猪MSCs分别共孵育0、2、4、8、16、24和48 h,以确定最佳标记时间。反映不同条件下标记效率和标记毒性的检测指标包括:普鲁士蓝染色、细胞电子显微镜检查、细胞铁浓度测定(原子吸收分光光度仪)、锥虫蓝排除试验、细胞毒性和增殖活性测定(CCK-8试验)。②标记细胞心脏移植的磁共振成像优化:开胸结扎前降支建立猪急性心肌梗死模型10头,每头直视下经心外膜向左室梗死交界区心肌内缓慢注射(1-10)×106细胞,每点150μL,共3点。对植入猪心肌内的标记细胞进行体内磁共振成像。比较T2 * WI-Flash2d(快速小角度反转梯度回波序列)、T2*WI-MAP和钆喷酸葡胺静脉注射后T2*WI-Flash2d等3种成像方法的图像质量。结果①MSCs平均含铁量随着培养液中SHU555A浓度的增加而升高;但SHU555A浓度增加到100 g／mL时,细胞活力开始下降(P<0．01),并可见较多蓝染铁颗粒粘附于细胞表面甚至游离于细胞外;进一步增加到200 g／mL时,细胞存活率和细胞活力均下降(P分别<0．05、0．01)。MSCs平均含铁量随着共孵育时间的增加而相应升高:但共孵育48 h时,细胞存活率降低(P<0．05)。电子显微镜检查显示, 50:1．5μg／mL SHU555A-PLL 24 h标记方案在细胞和亚细胞水平未发现氧化铁的毒性作用。该方案体外磁共振T2*WI-GRE检测闽值为7．5×104细胞。②标记细胞心肌内移植磁共振成像发现,T2*WI-Flash2d图像平均评分为(2．00±0．82)分;72*WI-Map成像、钆喷酸葡胺注射后T2*WI-Flash2d图像平均评分均为(2．60±0．84)分,明显优于前者(P=0．024)。结论50:1．5μg／mL SHU555A-PLL培养液与猪MSCs共孵育24 h是合适的标记方案。1．5 T磁共振成像仪72*WI-Flash2df笋列可对植入心脏的磁标细胞进行活体显像,T2*I-Map成像、钆喷酸葡胺注射后T2*WI-Flash2d成像可显著提高图像质量。

On Chinese-English Translation of Disease and Syndrome Terms in Shang Han Lun from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Shang Han Lun is one of the most famous and important traditional medical books in China,so many translation versions of it have emerged.Based on the comparison of examples taken from two of these translation versions,Young Jie De ' s Shang Han Lun Explained and Huang Hai s Introduction to Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease,the paper points out that Nida s Functional Equivalence Theory provides a new idea for the translation of Disease and Syndrome Terms in TCM that literal translation,liberal translation and transliteration can be adopted appropriately to make readers of translation versions understand TCM accurately and easily.

宋夏沿边蕃部与北宋前中期“禁盐制夏”实施

宋夏沿边蕃部是北宋实施“禁盐制夏”的重要关注对象。太宗时期,北宋未认识到蕃部为己所用的军事价值,故禁盐针对的是蕃部整体。真宗、仁宗时期,北宋重视熟户蕃部防御西夏的作用,“禁盐制夏”转而针对生户蕃部。北宋禁盐对象改易与宋夏军事局势变化有关,体现了北宋实施策略的灵活性。

六经皆治欲——中国古典学治欲的特点及展开

六经是中国传统文化的核心经典,六经皆治欲:《尚书》与《春秋》治欲体现在为政之正;《诗经》治欲体现在思无邪与引导欲望的合理释放与适度满足;《周易》治欲是针对深隐欲望的几占以及损益配合等;《礼经》之礼与《乐经》之乐联动,具有进与反之美。六经显示出中国古典学治欲资源的丰富,并且它们之间相互渗透,统一在各经皆礼、以礼治欲,表现为约束与温和释放欲望的对立统一。纵向展开,中国传统文化在前轴心时代、轴心时代、近世社会的治欲特点可表述为六经皆治欲、四书皆治欲、理学皆治欲,三者的发展既有连续性,亦各有时代特色。横向对比,中国古典学的六经治欲与禁欲主义、神秘主义对立,属于世俗化、人文化的治欲方案。伴随着全球世俗时代的到来,六经治欲的特色与优势愈加凸显。

十四行诗新媒体影响提升研究——基于“商籁诗社”微信公众号的实证探索

随着科技水平的迅猛发展,新媒体日益成为文化传播的重要载体,其中,微信公众平台的出现更是在极短的时间内就成为用户获取信息的主要入口和场所。而十四行诗作为一种具有深厚历史底蕴的诗歌体裁,在世界文学史上享有重要地位,并产生了深远影响。因此,本文主要通过对“商籁诗社”公众号的实证研究,以5W模式为理论框架,探讨在新媒体环境下,如何利用公众号更好地促进十四行诗的传播,以期在一定程度上为我国新媒体诗歌宣传提供新的视角与思考。

Therapeutic effects on spastic cerebral palsy in children Acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He acupoints versus routine acupoints

BACKGROUND： Based on clinical findings and syndromes, it has been previously shown that therapeutic methods for cerebral palsy can be greatly improved by selecting fewer, but more accurate acupoints. Therefore, greater therapeutic efficacy for cerebral palsy could be obtained by selecting the five Shu acupoints, which are located at the qi-intersecting point of the twelve meridians below the elbow and knee. OBJECTIVE： To treat children with spastic cerebral palsy using acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He points through a combination of rehabilitative training, and to compare the effects with routine acupuncture and massage. DESIGN： A randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING： Rehabilitation Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from the Rehabilitation Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2003 to February 2006. There were 38 boys and 22 girls, aged 10 months to 4 years old, muscle strength ranging from grade I to grade IV. The children were randomly divided into a treatment group （n =30） and a control group （n =30）. Informed consent for the therapeutic program was obtained from the relatives of all enrolled children. The study was approved by the Hospital＇s Ethical Committee. METHODS： All children were given exercise and occupational therapy based on standard treatments. （1） In the control group, the children were additionally treated with routine acupuncture and massage during the one-month basic rehabilitative training. The acupuncture needles were manipulated alternately at the acupoints of Jianyu, Shousanli, Binao, Hegu, Huantiao, Xuanzhong, and Biguan. They were treated once per day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The children＇s limbs were first massaged by pressing, stretching, rolling, and kneading. Then, the same acupuncture points were pressed with the thumb for 30 minutes each time, once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The treatment continued for 1 month. （2） In the treatment group, the children were administered acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He points during the one-month basic rehabilitative treatment. For acupuncture of the upper limbs, the following acupoints were used： Sanjian and Quchi of the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, and Houxi and Xiaohai of the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang. The acupoints were acupunctured alternately every other day. For acupuncture of the lower limbs, the following acupoints were used; Zulinqi and Yanglingquan of the Gall bladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang, Taibai and Yinlingquan of the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyang, or Xiangu and Zusanli of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming. The acupoints were acupunctured alternately every other day. Three needles were for the medial malleolus and three needles for the lateral malleolus. They were treated once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The children＇s limbs were first massaged by means of pressing, stretching, rolling, and kneading. The same acupuncture points were then pressed with the thumb for 0.5-1 minute at each point, 30 minutes each time, once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using gross motor function measurements, as well as activity of daily living scale before and after treatment. RESULTS： All 60 enrolled children with spastic cerebral palsy were included in the final analysis of results. （1） Comparison of gross motor function scores： The gross motor function score after treatment was significantly higher in both the treatment group and control group than before treatment （t = -3.86 and -8.882, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group scores （t = -7.166, P 〈 0.01）. （2） Changes in activity of daily living scores： The scores for activity of daily living in the treatment group was significantly higher after treatment than before treatment （t = -3.933, P 〈 0.01）, and was also significantly higher than the control group （t = -0.671, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He acupoints can significantly ameliorate motor function deficits and movement disabilities in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The therapeutic efficacy at these acupoints is better than routine acupuncture and massage.

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE AT NEIGUAN AND FIVE SHU POINTS OF TWELVE REGULAR MERIDIANS AT DIFFERENT TIME ON SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVAL OF NORMAL YOUNG ADULTS

The influence of electro-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6)and five shu points of twelve regular meridians at different time on systolic time interval (ST I) of normal young adultswere studied with 6×6 Latin square design in this work.In 12 groups according to 12 regular merldlans,the STIs were measured respectively just before and after electro-acupuncture on Neiguan andfive shu points at 00:00,04:00,08:00,12:00,16:00 and 20:00 of a day.It was found thatexcept the PEPI and PEPI/LVETI ratio among Shenmen(HT 7),Shaochong(HT 9)and Neiguan,Guanchong(TE)and Yemen(TE 2)points,the effects of electro-acupuncture at Neiguan pointand five shu points of twelve regular meridians on the indices of STI of normal young adults wereshowing no slgnificant differences.There also was no difference in different sex.But the indices ofSTI were changed when electroacupuncture on the different points of different meridians at differenttime.

The characteristics and correlative research of“Jin Shang”associated with chronic neck pain in young adults based on ultrasound imaging

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of'Jin Shang',a specialized term in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,in young adults with chronic neck pain(CNP)and investigated the correlation of'Jin Shang'with pain intensity and living disabilities using cross-section study.Methods:The thickness of the bilateral splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis were measured by ultrasound imaging(USI)as the objective performance of'Jin Shang'.The visual analogue scale(VAS)and Northwick Park Questionnaire(NPQ)were used to assess pain intensity and living disability.The Student's t test was used to investigate the difference in neck extensor muscle(NEM)thickness between CNP patients and healthy controls.Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were applied to investigate the relationship between NEM thickness,pain intensity and disability.Results:Fifty-nine young adult CNP patients and 16 healthy controls were recruited in this study,in accordance with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.The student's t test showed that in CNP patients,the thickness of the semispinalis capitis during isometric contraction was significantly thinner than that of healthy controls(P=.04).Pearson's correlation analysis also revealed significant relationships between NEM thickness,VAS,and NPQ,while multiple linear regression showed that the thickness of the NEM in CNP patients was a significant predictor of pain intensity and disability.Conclusion:There was a significant difference in the thickness of the NEM in young adults with CNP when compared to healthy controls.Alterations in the NEM thickness in both rest and contraction are moderately related to neck pain and living disabilities.Our results investigated the characteristics of'Jin Shang'using USI and revealed a correlation between'Jin Shang'and CNP symptoms,which demonstrates that NEM plays an important role in CNP.

CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF TREATING PAIN SYNDROME BY SHU(STREAM)POINTS OF HAND THREE YANG MERIDIANS

This article Introduces the clinical experience of treating pain syndrome by shu （stream）points of the hand three Yang meridians.The authors used the shu（stream）points for some pain syndromes.It develops the indications of shu（stream）points which used to be only applied to heavy sensations of the body and painful joints.It is highly important for the effective result to be the contralateral puncturing combined with doing exercises and a long retaining of needlles,such as one hour.Most of acute pain can be cured by one treatment.As for stubborn pain,It can be alleviated by 5—10 treatments.

Features of Gardens of Shu Kingdom in Pre-Qin Period of China

After the illustration of Shu Kingdom in pre-Qin period, the origin of Sichuan gardens has been discussed. Through the research on relevant materials of old Shu Kingdom, and by comparing with the archaeological discovery of Yangzi Mountain Terrace, the paper has proposed that the origin of Sichuan gardens can trace back to gardens in the period of Duyu King. It is considered that gardens in pre-Qin period are dominated by imperial gardens, emperors' or aristocratic cemeteries, among which the historical function and features of Yangzi Mountain Garden, Nanzhong Garden and Wudan Mountain Cemetery have been introduced. On this basis, characteristics of Sichuan gardens in pre-Qin period have been concluded, and the grand manner manifested through "Great Stone Worship" in ancient Shu Kingdom has been highlighted.

Simultaneous quantification of five major active components in capsules of the traditional Chinese medicine 'Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong' by high performance liquid chromatography

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major bioactive components in ＇Shu-Jin- Zhi-Tong＇ capsules （SJZTC）, for the purposes of quality control of this commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Under the optimum conditions, excellent separation was achieved, and the assay was fully validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. The validated method was applied successfully to the determination of the five compounds in SJZTC samples from different production batches. The HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of SJZTC.

New Editor-in-Chief Professor Degan SHU

Professor Shu received his undergraduate training in Paleontology at Peking （Beijing） University in 1964-1969, obtaining his Master＇s degree at Northwest University （Xi＇an） and Ph.D. in China University of Geosciences （Beijing）; he was Visiting Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA in 1988, Humboldt Research Fellow at University of Bonn in 1988-1989, at University of Wuerzburg, Germany in 1994-1995, and Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK in 1998. He has been Professor of Geology at Northwest University, Xi＇an since 1992.

Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue Decoction Simultaneously Down-regulates Expressions of Aromatase and Steroid Sulfatase in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Objective：Estradiol （E2） plays an important role in the development of breast cancer.In postmenopausal women,the estrogen can be synthesized via aromatase （CYP19） pathway and steroid-sulfatase （STS） pathway in peripheral tissues,when the production in ovary has ceased.The objective of our study was to explore the effects of Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue Decoction （SGLXD） on the expressions of CYP19 and STS in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cells.Methods：The effects of SGLXD on the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D were analyzed by MTT assay.By quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot,we evaluated the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP19 and STS in MCF-7 and T47D cells after SGLXD treatment.Results：By MTT assay,the cell viability rates of MCF-7 and T47D were significantly inhibited by SGLXD in a dose-dependent manner,the IC50 values were 40.07 mg/ml for MCF-7 cells and 25.62 mg/ml for T47D cells,respectively.As evidenced by real-time PCR and Western blot,the high concentrations of SGLXD significantly down-regulated the expressions of CYP19 and STS both in the transcript level and the protein level.Conclusion：The results suggest that SGLXD is a potential dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitor by simultaneously down-regulating the expressions of CYP19 and STS in MCF-7 and T47D cells.

New Editor-in-Chief Professor Degan SHU

Professor Shu received his undergraduate training in Paleontology at Peking （Beijing） University in 1964-1969, obtaining his Master＇s degree at Northwest University （Xi＇an） and Ph.D. in China University of Geosciences （Beijing）; he was Visiting Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA in 1988, Humboldt Research Fellow at University of Bonn in 1988-1989, at University of Wuerzburg, Germany in 1994-1995, and Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK in 1998. He has been Professor of Geology at Northwest University, Xi＇an since 1992.