Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesisangiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Icariin(ICA),a natural flavonoid compound monomer,has multiple pharmacological activities.However,its effect on bone defect in the context of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)has not yet been examined.AIM To explore the role and potential mechanism of ICA on bone defect in the context of T1DM.METHODS The effects of ICA on osteogenesis and angiogenesis were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining,alizarin red S staining,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Angiogenesis-related assays were conducted to investigate the relationship between osteogenesis and angiogenesis.A bone defect model was established in T1DM rats.The model rats were then treated with ICA or placebo and micron-scale computed tomography,histomorphometry,histology,and sequential fluorescent labeling were used to evaluate the effect of ICA on bone formation in the defect area.RESULTS ICA promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC)proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.The ICA treated-BMSCs showed higher expression levels of osteogenesis-related markers(alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin)and angiogenesis-related markers(vascular endothelial growth factor A and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1)compared to the untreated group.ICA was also found to induce osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling of BMSCs.In the bone defect model T1DM rats,ICA facilitated bone formation and CD31hiEMCNhi type H-positive capillary formation.Lastly,ICA effectively accelerated the rate of bone formation in the defect area.CONCLUSION ICA was able to accelerate bone regeneration in a T1DM rat model by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling of BMSCs.

Type Synthesis of 1T2R Parallel Mechanisms Using Structure Coupling-Reducing Method

Direct kinematics with analytic solutions is critical to the real-time control of parallel mechanisms.Therefore,the type synthesis of a mechanism having explicit form of forward kinematics has become a topic of interest.Based on this purpose,this paper deals with the type synthesis of 1T2R parallel mechanisms by investigating the topological structure coupling-reducing of the 3UPS&UP parallel mechanism.With the aid of the theory of mechanism topology,the analysis of the topological characteristics of the 3UPS&UP parallel mechanism is presented,which shows that there are highly coupled motions and constraints amongst the limbs of the mechanism.Three methods for structure coupling-reducing of the 3UPS&UP parallel mechanism are proposed,resulting in eight new types of 1T2R parallel mechanisms with one or zero coupling degree.One obtained parallel mechanism is taken as an example to demonstrate that a mechanism with zero coupling degree has an explicit form for forward kinematics.The process of type synthesis is in the order of permutation and combination;therefore,there are no omissions.This method is also appli cable to other configurations,and novel topological structures having simple forward kinematics can be obtained from an original mechanism via this method.

Evaluation of Ventricular-vascular Coupling in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging

The elastic and functional coupling of heart and vessels makes the stroke work （SW） of the heart optimal. Speckle tracking imaging （STI） can evaluate the myocardial strain and function. We studied ventricular-vascular coupling in 80 diabetic patients with different systolic function using STI. The patients were divided into two groups according to ejection fraction （EF）： the diabetes mel- litus with normal EF （DMN） group and the diabetes mellitus with abnormal EF （DMA） group. Forty-two volunteers served as control group. The relative wall thickness （RWT）, left ventricular mass index （LVMI）, stroke volume （SV）, SW, rate-pressure product （RPP）, systemic vascular resis- tance index （SVRI）, left ventricular end-systolic elastance （Ees）, effective arterial elasticity （Ea） and ventricular-vascular coupling index （VVI） were measured and calculated by conventional echocardi- ography. The longitudinal strain （LS） at basement （LSBA）, papillary muscle （LSvM） and cardiac apex （LSAv） was assessed with STI. It was found： （A） compared with control group, in DMN and DMA groups, LSBA, LSvM and LSAp decreased, and they were lower in DMA group. （B） VVI, RPP and SVRI increased, and they were higher in DMN group; Ees decreased, and it was lower in DMA group. （C） LSBA, LSpM, and LSAv had negative correlation with VVI. LSAp, RWT, LVMI and SW were independent predictors for VVI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves was used for identification of DMA and DMN with LSBA, LSpM, and LSAp, and the area under the ROC of LSAp was the largest. This study supports that myocardial LS could reflect the ventricu- lar-vascular coupling. Different segments had an order to “respond to” the state of the coupling, and the cardiac apex might be the earliest.

Path of Rural Vitalization Based on Coupling Perspective of Township Construction and Resource Environment in Jiangsu Province,China

Recently,the field of rural vitalization has received extensive research attention.However,only few studies have proposed an approach to rural vitalization from the coupling perspective of township construction and the resource environment.Taking Jiangsu Province of China as the study area,we constructed index systems of township construction function types and resource environments.Based on 875 township study units in Jiangsu,we characterized the township construction function type and resource environment and analyzed the dynamic process of their coupling from 2005 to 2017.The results are as follows:1)the townships of planting and breeding types in Jiangsu were mainly distributed in northern and central Jiangsu;the townships of business travel,industry,and integrated types were mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu;and the townships of ecological type were irregularly distributed throughout Jiangsu.2)Resource environment factors and township construction function types in Jiangsu clustered based on their location with some overlap.3)Spatial variability in the degree of coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in Jiangsu was not apparent,and low coupling levels accounted for most of the study units.The sum of the number of medium and high coupling townships in southern,central,and northern Jiangsu was roughly equal,and the coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in southern Jiangsu evolved remained unchanged,whereas that in the central and northern Jiangsu became imbalanced.4)In Jiangsu,township construction was mainly constrained by water resources,and the constraint parameters gradually increase.Large variability in resource environment constraint was observed in northern,central,and southern Jiangsu for different township construction function types.Based on these findings,we proposed the implementation of targeted rural vitalization strategies.

Coupling Characteristics and Control of Dual Mechanical Port Machine with Spoke Type Permanent Magnet Arrangement

Dual mechanical port machine（DMPM）, as a novel electromechanical energy conversion device, has attracted widespread attention. DMPM with spoke type permanent magnet arrangements（STPM-DMPM）, which is one of several types of DMPM, has been of interest recently. The unique coupling characteristics of STPM-DMPM are beneficial to improving system performance, but these same characteristics increase the difficulties of control. Now there has been little research about the control of STPM-DMPM, and this has hindered its practical application. Based on a mathematical model of STPM-DMPM, the coupling characteristics and the merits and demerits of such devices are analyzed as applied to a hybrid system. The control strategies for improving the disadvantages and for utilizing the advantage of coupling are researched. In order to weaken the interaction effect of torque outputs in the inner motor and the outer motor that results from coupling in STPM-DMPM, a decoupling control method based on equivalent current control is proposed, and independent torque control for the inner motor and outer motor is achieved. In order to solve address the problem of adequately utilization of coupling, minimizing the overall copper loss of the inner motor and the outer motor of STPM-DMPM is taken as the optimization objective for optimal control, and the purpose of utilizing the coupling adequately and reasonably is achieved. The verification tests of the proposed decoupling control and optimal control strategies are carried out on a prototype STPM-DMPM, and the experimental results show that the interaction effect of torque outputs in the inner motor and the outer motor can be markedly weakened through use of the control method. The overall copper loss of the inner motor and the outer motor can be markedly reduced through use of the optimal control method, while the power output remains unchanged. A breakthrough in the control problem of STPM-DMPM is accomplished by combining the control methods. Good performance in the control of STPM-DMPM will enhance its practicality, particularly as applied to hybrid systems.

Microwave Irradiated Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Type Cross Coupling of Phenols and Halides for the Synthesis of Polyphenolic Ethers

A mild, cascade type methodology was developed for the synthesis of polyphenolic ethers by the palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of phenols and halo compounds under microwave heating. In most cases, reactions run in neat conditions and in some cases, IPA/water mixture, and 1,4-dioxane were employed as solvents to furnish the products. By applying this new method, we were able to synthesize and purify a good number of polyether compounds with complete spectral data.

Concept Design and Coupled Dynamic Response Analysis on 6-MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

Tower, Spar platform and mooring system are designed in the project based on a given 6-MW wind turbine. Under wind-induced only, wave-induced only and combined wind and wave induced loads, dynamic response is analyzed for a 6-MW Spar-type floating offshore wind turbine （FOWT） under operating conditions and parked conditions respectively. Comparison with a platform-fixed system （land-based system） ofa 6-MW wind turbine is carried out as well. Results demonstrate that the maximal out-of-plane deflection of the blade of a Spar-type system is 3.1% larger than that of a land-based system; the maximum response value of the nacelle acceleration is 215% larger for all the designed load cases being considered; the ultimate tower base fore-aft bending moment of the Spar-type system is 92% larger than that of the land-based system in all of the Design Load Cases （DLCs） being considered; the fluctuations of the mooring tension is mainly wave-induced, and the safety factor of the mooring tension is adequate for the 6-MW FOWT. The results can provide relevant modifications to the initial design for the Spar-type system, the detailed design and model basin test of the 6-MW Spar-type system.

Mode stability analysis in the beam-wave interaction process for a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain

Based on space-charge wave theory, the formulae of the beam-wave coupling coefficient and the beam-loaded conductance are given for the beam-wave interaction in an N-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain. The ratio of the nonbeam-loaded quality factor of the coupled cavity chain to the beam quality factor is used to determine the stability of the beam-wave interaction. As an example, the stabilities of the beam-wave interaction in a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain are discussed with the formulae and the CST code for the operations of the 2π, π, and π/2 modes, respectively. The results show that stable operation of the 2π, π, and π/2 modes may all be realized in an extended-interaction klystron with the three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain.

Hausdorff Dimension and Fractal Dimension of the Global Attractor for the Higher-Order Coupled Kirchhoff-Type Equations

This paper mainly deals with the higher-order coupled Kirchhoff-type equations with nonlinear strong damped and source terms in a bounded domain. We obtain some results that are estimation of the upper bounds of Hausdorff dimension and Fractal dimension of the global attractor.

The Inertial Manifolds for a Class of Higher-Order Coupled Kirchhoff-Type Equations

In this paper, we mainly deal with a class of higher-order coupled Kirch-hoff-type equations. At first, we take advantage of Hadamard’s graph to get the equivalent form of the original equations. Then, the inertial manifolds are proved by using spectral gap condition. The main result we gained is that the inertial manifolds are established under the proper assumptions of M(s) and gi(u,v), i=1, 2.

The consistent Riccati expansion and new interaction solution for a Boussinesq-type coupled system

Starting from the Davey-Stewartson equation, a Boussinesq-type coupled equation system is obtained by using a variable separation approach. For the Boussinesq-type coupled equation system, its consistent Riccati expansion （CRE） solvability is studied with the help of a Riccati equation. It is significant that the soliton--cnoidal wave interaction solution, expressed explicitly by Jacobi elliptic functions and the third type of incomplete elliptic integral, of the system is also given.

Existence and Multiplicity of Positive Solutions for a Coupled Fourth-Order System of Kirchhoff Type

In this paper,we study a coupled fourth-order system of Kirchhoff type.Under appropriate hypotheses of V_(i)(x)for i=1,2,f and g,we obtained two main existence theorems of weak solutions for the problem by variational methods.Some recent results are extended.

Types and Optimization Paths Between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Hunan Province,China

Exploring the synergy types and optimization paths between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization is necessary for achieving the two centenary goals.Taking poverty alleviation counties in Hunan Province,China as an example,our study proposed an indicator to measure the synergistic development between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization using the multi-index integrated evaluation method.Then,the coupling types were classified based on both the proposed indicator and regional characteristics.Besides,the corresponding optimization path for each coupling type was proposed to promote the synergistic development of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization.Results are as follows:1)Lower synergy focused on the southwestern Hunan,while low synergy is widely distributed(such as the west,southwest,northwest,and midland).Moderate synergy is in the midland,such as Huaihua and Chenzhou cities.High synergy is distributed in Yongzhou,Huaihua,Xiangxi cities,etc.Besides,only Hecheng City belongs to the higher synergy.2)This paper proposes corresponding development paths for different development characteristics and main problems from multiple perspectives of the protection system,industrial planning,and rural market.Continuously consolidate and enhance the effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization to achieve coupled and synergistic development of the two systems.Our research results can provide theoretical support for implementing Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization in Hunan Province,China.

Pd-Catalyzed Unprecedented Cross-Coupling of Mixed Phenols and Halides for the Synthesis of Aromatic Ethers

Phenolic compounds present in medicinal and edible plants such as flavonoids, chalcones, coumarins, quinones, and phenolic acids. The antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds shows potent activities for cancer prevention and its treatment. From a green chemistry point of view, cascade (tandem) reactions are ideal techniques in organic synthesis for building complex structures. Cascade techniques are sometimes observed in coupling reactions under mild conditions with a tolerance of multifunctional groups. It will be interesting to find a cascade type reaction to synthesize polyphenolic ethers. This research project achieves a new cross-coupling method for establishing polyphenolic ethers from mixed phenols and halides in the presence of palladium catalyst in moderate to good yields.

A Family of the Inertial Manifolds for a Class of Generalized Kirchhoff-Type Coupled Equations

The paper considers the long-time behavior for a class of generalized high-order Kirchhoff-type coupled equations, under the corresponding hypothetical conditions, according to the Hadamard graph transformation method, obtain the equivalent norm in space , and we obtain the existence of a family of the inertial manifolds while such equations satisfy the spectral interval condition.

Evaluation of TlOH Effect for Pd⁰-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Methyl Iodide and Excess Boronic Acid Ester toward Fabrication of [¹¹C]CH₃-Incorporated PET Tracer

The use of thallium(I) hydroxide (TlOH) as a base is known to extremely accelerate the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using organoboronic acid or organoboronic acid ester as a substrate. Here, we investigated the effects of TlOH by comparing with other conventional bases such as KOH, K2CO3, and CsF for Pd0-mediated rapid cross-coupling reactions between CH3I and organoborane reagents, such as phenyl-, (Z)-4-benzyloxy-2-butenyl-, and benzylboronic acid pinacol esters under the conditions CH3I/borane/Pd0/base (1:40:1:3) in THF/H2O or DMF/H2O for 5 min with an aim to fabricate a PET tracer efficiently. Consequently, however, the use of TlOH was much less efficient than the other bases for the acceleration of cross-coupling reactions. Thus, it was reconfirmed that the milder and non-toxic conditions using K2CO3 or CsF so far developed by our group were most appropriate for the rapid C-methylations.

城市群型自创区创新共同体的建构基础与策略

创新共同体作为促进跨区域创新体系建设的有效途径,已成为城市群型自创区引领区域均衡发展和跨界协同创新的重要模式,其建构基础决定着自创区的创新路径选择与突破重点。结合城市群型自创区创新共同体的基本内涵与运行结构,设计涵盖自主创新力、协同配置力、效益贡献力和国际竞争力的“四力”评价体系,运用全局熵值法和耦合协调度模型测度我国8个城市群型自创区41个核心园区的“四力”耦合协调水平。结果表明:核心园区“四力”耦合协调水平整体呈结构稳定的偏态分布,板块间差异显著且趋势向好;自创区“四力”两极分化且优势各异。随后基于Dagum基尼系数揭示创新共同体建构基础的组内和组间差异,并对差异性溯源分析。组内差异显示:覆盖核心园区越多,协同创新难度越大;核心园区非均衡异化,差异性变动反差明显。组间差异显示:创新共同体建构基础表现出奋力争先、震荡纠缠、低速稳健、成长禁锢4种类型。基于此,从创新动力、协同配置、效益输出、国际竞争等方面提出创新共同体建构策略,以期为打造高质量紧密型创新生态圈提供参考。

皖西大别山农耕区表层土壤养分地球化学综合评价及影响因素

土壤养分是影响农作物产量的重要指标,掌握中国主要农业生产区的土壤养分时空演变特征对合理使用农业土地资源具有重要的意义。本文以中国重要农耕区皖西大别山六安地区为研究区,采集浅层土壤(0~20cm)样品1295组,采用硫碳仪、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法等技术进行测试。应用统计学分析方法,在分析pH值的基础上,对总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和钾(K)和土壤有机质(SOM)四个地球化学养分指标进行单指标养分等级划分和土壤养分综合等级评价,并探讨了各项指标的影响因素。结果表明:研究区98.88%的土壤为酸性土壤(其中8.03%为强酸性土壤),受地貌类型影响较大;TN分布以中等丰富为主,受土壤类型影响较大;TP以中等含量和缺乏为主,受地貌类型的影响较大;K是最为丰富的元素,其含量在中等及以上的比例达97.81%,主要受地貌类型的影响;SOM以中等和较缺乏为主,受土壤类型、土地利用方式和地貌类型的共同影响,且SOM含量与TN含量呈高度正相关。全区土壤养分等级以中等为主,占全区总面积的60.10%,其次是较缺乏土壤,占25.27%,南部山区养分状况优于北部平原区。整体上,研究区土壤具有养分较差、养分分布不均匀、普遍酸化的特点,部分地区应按需调整肥料的使用平衡土壤养分。可通过农田养分的管理,提高农业产量。

非侵入式电压测量双平板电容传感器设计

传统的单电极电容探头测量误差较大、测量精度易受温度、湿度等环境因素的影响,而非侵入式电压测量传感器可用于检测输电线和电力设备中的电压,且无需与带电导体或设备直接接触。因此,本文提出了一种基于电容耦合的双电容非接触式电压测量方法。设计并制造了测量系统。在实验室设施中进行了测试。实验结果表明:所研制的传感器具有良好的精度和线性度。其在工频下的比值误差在±1.7%以内。此外,它还具有成本低、小型化、外形灵活、分压比易于调整等优点。

采煤机滚筒工作性能优化研究

在实际生产中,截割破碎过程是多作用耦合的结果,离散元法(DEM)与多体动力学(MBD)双向耦合技术可实现煤机设备与煤壁的信息交互,符合实际生产情况,具有较大的优越性。为提高采煤机滚筒的工作性能,基于DEM−MBD双向耦合机理,结合力学性能试验和模拟试验得到实际工况参数,采用仿真软件EDEM和RecurDyn建立了采煤机滚筒截割煤壁的双向耦合模型,对仿真过程中滚筒所受的转矩和截割力进行分析,证明耦合效果和截割效果较好。设计了单因素试验和正交试验,分析了滚筒运行参数对工作性能的影响规律,并利用SPSS软件得到滚筒转速、截割深度、牵引速度对截割比能耗、装煤率、载荷波动系数的影响程度,通过现场试验验证了模型的可行性。构建了以滚筒转速、截割深度、牵引速度为决策变量,以截割比能耗、装煤率和载荷波动系数为目标的多目标优化模型,利用改进多目标灰狼(MOGWO)算法和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)对模型进行求解,得出当滚筒转速为31.12 r/min、截割深度为639.4 mm、牵引速度为5.58 m/min时,采煤机滚筒的工作性能最优,此时截割比能耗为0.4677 kW·h/^(3),装煤率为43.01%,载荷波动系数为0.3278。