猪三维点云体尺自动计算模型Pig Back Transformer

[目的/意义]为了提高体尺关键点定位准确率,猪三维点云体尺自动测量方法会采用点云分割,在各个分割后局部点云定位测量关键点,以减少点云之间相互干扰。然而点云分割网络通常需要消耗较大计算资源,且现有测量点定位效果仍有待提升空间。本研究旨在通过设计关键点生成网络从猪体点云中提取出各体尺测量所需关键点。在降低显存资源需求的同时提高测量关键点定位效果,提高体尺测量的效率和精度。[方法]针对猪三维表面点云进行体尺测量,提出了一种定位猪体尺关键点的模型Pig Back Transformer。模型分为两个模块,分别设计了两种改进的Transformer自注意力编码器,第一模块为全局关键点模块,首先设计了一种猪背部边缘点提取算法用于获取边缘点,再使用edge encoder编码器以边缘点集合作为输入,edge encoder的edge attention中加入了边缘点和质点的偏移距离信息;第二模块为关键点生成模块,使用了back attention机制的back encoder,其中加入了与质心和第一模块生成的全局关键点的偏移量,并将偏移量与点云注意力通过按位max pooling操作结合,最后通过生成猪的体尺测量关键点和背脊走向点。最后设计了使用关键点和背脊走向点作为输入的体尺算法。[结果和讨论]对比关键点和背脊走向点生成任务上Pig Back Transformer表现最佳,并对比体尺计算结果与人工测量结果,体长相对误差为0.63%,相对PointNet++、Point Transformer V2、Point Cloud Transforme、OctFormer PointTr等模型有较大提升。[结论] Pig Back Transformer能相对准确地生成猪体尺关键点,提高体尺测量数据准确度,并且通过点云特征定位体尺关键点节省了计算资源,为无接触牲畜体尺测量提供了新思路。

Evaluation of the Pharmacological Potential of Strychnos camptoneura Trunk Bark Hydroethanol Extract on Reproductive Functions in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Exposed to Cypermethrin

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroethanol extract of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark on reproductive functions in male guinea pigs exposed to cypermethrin. The results showed that administration of the hydroethanolic extract (100 and 250 mg/kg) of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark after exposure of the animals to cypermethrin induced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark produced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark may have protective effects against cypermethrin-induced male infertility due to its androgenic, spermatogenic and antiradical properties.

Current Situation and Progress of Pig Model in Otology Research

Pig models are widely used in otological research. The establishment of common pig and miniature pig animal models has opened up new fields in otological research and is also an ideal large otological animal model. This article introduces the applications, current status, progress, advantages, and issues of using pigs as otologic animal models. It summarizes current research on pigs in the fields of hearing disorders, otitis, vertigo, cochlea, gene editing, and tissue engineering, among other otologic and audiological areas. These models are valuable for translating basic medical science into clinical applications. Based on this, platforms have been established for studying deafness and vertigo, cochlear implantation experiments, stem cell and gene therapy, and tissue engineering. These serve as ideal experimental models for the prevention and treatment of ear diseases, pointing toward new directions. This will bolster the promotion and application of pig models in the fields of tissue engineering and gene editing in the future.

Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development or adaptation of technologies, could improve the efficiency of rations and the productivity of intensive pig breeding in Burkina Faso.

A Biogas Production Model from the Combination of Pig Manure and Cow Dung in N’Zérékoré City, Republic of Guine

This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It was carried out in December 2020 in the Physics laboratory of the University of N’Zérékoré. The anaerobic digestion process took 25 days in an almost constant ambient temperature of 25˚C. Five digesters were loaded on 12/06/2020, two of which with 1 kg of pig dung and 1 kg of cow dung both in mono-digestion. The 3 other digesters in co-digestion with different proportions of pig manure and cow dung. The substrate in each digester is diluted in 2 liters of water, with a proportion of (1/2). The main results obtained are: 1) the evolution of the temperature and pH during digestion process, 2) the average biogas productions 0.61 liters for (D1);1.20 liter for (D2);1.65 liter for (D3);1.51 liter for (D4) and 1.31 liter for (D5). The cumulative amounts of biogas are respectively: D1 (7.95 liters), D2 (15.60 liters), D3 (21.50 liters), D4 (19.65 liters) and D5 (17.05 liters). The total cumulative production is 81.75 liters at the end of the process. The originality of this research work is that the proposed model examines the relation between the daily biogas production and the variation of temperature, pH and pressure. The combustibility test showed the biogas produced during the first week was no combustible (contains less than 50% methane). Combustion started from the biogas produced from the 15th day and it is from the 20th day that a significant amount of stable yellow/blue flame was observed. The results of this study show the combination of pig manure and cow dung presents advantages for optimal biogas production.

基于PigsTrack跟踪器的群养生猪多目标跟踪

基于视频的生猪行为跟踪和识别对于实现精细化养殖具有重要价值。为了应对群养生猪多目标跟踪任务中由猪只外观相似、遮挡交互等因素带来的挑战,研究提出了基于PigsTrack跟踪器的群养生猪多目标跟踪方法。PigsTrack跟踪器利用高性能YOLOX网络降低目标误检与漏检率,采用Transformer模型获取具有良好区分特性的目标外观特征;基于OC-SORT(observation-centric sort)的思想,通过集成特征匹配、IoU匹配和遮挡恢复匹配策略实现群养生猪的准确跟踪。基于PBVD(pigs behaviours video dataset)数据集的试验结果表明,PigsTrack跟踪器的HOTA(higher order tracking accuracy),MOTA(multiple object tracking accuracy)和IDF1得分(identification F1 score)分别为85.66%、98.59%和99.57%,相较于现有算法的最高精度,分别提高了3.71、0.03和2.05个百分点,证明了PigsTrack跟踪器在解决外观相似和遮挡交互引起的跟踪过程中身份跳变问题方面的有效性。随后,利用Slowfast网络对PigsTrack跟踪器的跟踪结果进行了典型行为统计,结果显示PigsTrack在群养生猪个体行为统计方面更准确。此外,通过在ABVD(aggressive-behavior video)数据集上的试验,PigsTrack跟踪器的HOTA、MOTA和IDF1得分分别为69.14%、94.82%和90.11%,相对于现有算法的最高精度,提高了5.33、0.57和8.60个百分点,验证了PigsTrack跟踪器在群养生猪跟踪任务中的有效性。总而言之,PigsTrack跟踪器能够有效应对外观相似和遮挡交互等挑战,实现了准确的生猪多目标跟踪,并在行为统计方面展现出更高的准确性,为生猪养殖领域的研究和实际应用提供了有价值的指导。

大蒜素对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验探讨了不同水平的大蒜素对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,确定大蒜素在育肥猪生产中的最适添加水平。试验选择体重相近的健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪250头,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,大蒜素组育肥猪分别饲喂含有50(试验组1)、100(试验组2)、200(试验组3)、400 mg/kg(试验组4)大蒜素的试验饲粮。预试验1周,正式试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组比较,试验组3和试验组4育肥猪末重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组3的平均日增重提高了11.60%(P<0.05),试验组2和试验组3育肥猪的料重比降低了8.64%和11.96%(P<0.05)。试验组3组育肥猪的宰前活重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组2、试验组3和试验组4育肥猪的胴体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组3和试验组4育肥猪的背最长肌pH值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),滴水损失显著低于对照组和试验组1(P<0.05),肌苷酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组3背最长肌的红度显著高于对照组和试验组1(P<0.05),试验组2、试验组3和试验组4背最长肌的剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组3和试验组4育肥猪背最长肌中的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸及鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在育肥猪饲粮中添加适量的大蒜素可以提高生长性能和屠宰性能,改善肌肉品质,大蒜素的最适添加水平为200 mg/kg。

芽孢杆菌在母猪、仔猪生产中应用的研究进展

芽孢杆菌益生菌是常见的微生态制剂,其孢子对温度、压力、养分等均具有高度抵抗力,能够耐受多种饲料的加工工艺,已在畜禽生产中广泛使用。芽孢杆菌益生菌的作用机制包括:分泌抑菌物质或通过群体感应直接抑菌;调节肠道环境,使其利于共生菌和非致病菌在肠道内的定植;调节免疫,使其利于宿主适应性免疫系统的发育;产酶产酸,促进营养物质的消化吸收。在饲粮中添加芽孢杆菌可减少母猪哺乳期失重和背膘损失,降低母猪围产期代谢综合征的发生概率,同时增加仔猪初生重、断奶重和平均日增重。文章就近些年芽孢杆菌益生菌作用机制的研究进展及其对母猪和仔猪生产性能和健康的影响展开综述,为芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产实践中更好地使用提供参考。

改进YOLOv5s对病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛的检测

为解决传统小肠绒毛需要专业人员手动检测耗时耗力且存在主观性和不稳定性等问题,同时提高在复杂病理学图像中小肠绒毛检测的准确率和效率,该研究提出基于改进YOLOv5s检测复杂病理学图像下猪只小肠绒毛的方法。首先,采用串联形式的混合池化对空间金字塔进行优化,增强特征提取与特征表达,提升检测精度;然后引入一种基于注意力机制的网络模块(simpleattentionmechanism,SimAM)与Bottleneck中的残差连接相结合,使用SimAM对Bottleneck中的特征图进行加权,得到加权后的特征表示,利用注意力机制加强模型对目标的感知。试验结果表明,该研究算法的平均精度(average precision)和每秒传输帧数(frame per second,FPS)达到92.43%和40帧/s。改进后的YOLOv5s在召回率和平均精度上相较改进前提高2.49和4.62个百分点,在不增加模型参数量的情况下,每帧图片的推理时间缩短1.04 ms。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv6s、YOLOX相比,平均精度分别提高15.16、10.56、2.03和4.07个百分点。结果表明,该方法能够实现病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛自动化检测,保证复杂图像检测速度的同时,提高了小肠绒毛的检测精度。

基于LoRa的生猪体征监测系统设计与实现

为克服现有生猪体征监测模块功能单一、传输距离受限、功耗大等问题,设计一种以低功耗智能耳标为采集终端的生猪体征监测与异常诊断系统。该系统以无线微控制器为硬件核心,结合猪只体温、心率、运动感知传感器,LoRa和GPRS技术组成的无线传感网络和云服务器构建生猪体征信息采集、健康评估、异常诊断监测平台,提高生猪养殖过程的智能化管理水平。试验表明,该系统运行稳定,能够实时采集、传输、显示、查询生猪体征参数和异常行为,体温相对误差小于1%,心率相对误差小于5%,通信网络丢包率小于5%,传输距离大于3 km,行为辨识结果大于90%,满足中小型规模化生猪养殖场的实际使用需求。可为生猪异常诊断、早期疾病检测治和疫情预防提供科学依据。

液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响。选取平均体重为(30.00±4.26)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪126头,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验Ⅰ组饲喂豆粕型颗粒饲粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂杂粕型颗粒饲粮(由双低菜籽粕、玉米胚芽粕、喷浆玉米皮及米糠替代部分豆粕和玉米组成);试验Ⅲ组饲喂杂粕型液态饲粮,即在杂粕型饲粮的基础上加入2.7倍的水,混合均匀后饲喂。各组饲粮营养水平基本一致。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)试验全期,与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别降低了2.29%和5.33%(P>0.05),料重比提高了3.40%(P>0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了7.04%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质、总能和粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),粗脂肪、磷和粗灰分消化率显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间各养分消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组粪便丁酸含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量极显著提高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和TNF-α含量有一定程度降低但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上可知,与豆粕型颗粒饲粮相比,杂粕型颗粒饲粮会降低生长猪采食量和养分消化率,提高血清炎性因子含量,而通过液态方式饲喂杂粕型饲粮可改善饲粮适口性,提高生长猪采食量,降低血清促炎因子IL-1β含量,对养分消化率无改善作用。

白藜芦醇的生物学功能及其在养猪生产中的应用

随着饲料中抗生素的禁用,天然植物成分作为饲料添加剂替代抗生素逐渐受到广泛关注和研究。白藜芦醇作为一种具有多种生物活性的天然多酚化合物,主要存在于葡萄、虎杖等植物中,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗癌等特性。在饲料中添加白藜芦醇可改善猪的肠道健康,促进肠道微生物的平衡和生长发育,增强猪的免疫力和抗病能力。此外,白藜芦醇还可以改善线粒体功能和抗氧化能力,提高能量代谢和利用效率,进而提高猪的生长性能和繁殖性能。文章总结了白藜芦醇在养猪生产中的应用现状,并探讨其潜在的作用机制,为更好地了解其在猪生产中的应用效果和潜力以及今后的研究提供参考。

Genetic Screening of Halothane Gene on Selected Philippine Native Pig Herds

The establishment of nucleus herds (NHs) of Native Pigs (NPs) at various R&D stations in the Philippines is currently being undertaken for food security and genetic conservation advocacy. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is being utilized to identify individuals carrying favorable alleles of genes associated with production traits and screen out genetic defects (GD) for breeding purposes. Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) caused by a mutation in Halothane (HAL) gene is a GD frequently found in commercial breeds that when expressed, causes pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat. PSE is inferior quality meat undesirable in the market causing economic losses to the swine industry. Thus, this study was conducted to screen the HAL gene through mutagenically separated-polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR) in selected NP herds and assessed its repeatability in local breeds. Results showed that out of 577 screened individuals, 543 (94.11%) were normal (NN), 0 (0%) were homozygous mutant (nn) and 34 (5.89%) were heterozygous carriers (Nn). Therefore, the optimized PSS screening protocol using MSPCR is also applicable to local breeds. As such, the availability of genetic tests for PSS could be useful in improving the Philippine NPs breeding selection and inhibiting or eliminating PSS mutant incidence within its nucleus herd.

Assessment of the Quality of Frozen-Thawed Semen or Epididymal Sperm in Three Native Vietnamese Pig Breeds

Our aim was to evaluate the quality of ejaculated and epididymal frozen-thawed pig sperm of endangered Vietnam native pig breeds. Ejaculated sperm was collected from live boars and epididymal sperm was collected from slaughtered boars of the MuongTe, Kieng Sat and Co BinhThuan breeds and frozen in 0.25 ml straws using a protocol established earlier for modern pig breeds. We evaluated the sperm quality after thawing in terms of motility and rates of viable and abnormal spermatozoa. Our results revealed that the sperm motility and rates of viable and abnormal frozen-thawed sperm were >30%, >44%, and <14%, respectively. The origin of sperm had an effect on the production of pig embryos in vitro. In the Co BinhThuan breed, ejaculated sperm generated higher cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates than did the epididymal sperm (60.11% vs 56.02%, 17.23% vs 14.31%, 3.78% vs 2.34%, respectively, P < 0.05). Although no difference in cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate and the average number of cells/blastocysts, the hatching blastocyst rate was different between the breeds (P > 0.05). In the Co BinhThuan breed, the rate of pregnancy of ejaculated groups was similar to that of the epididymal group. In conclusion, the ejaculated and epididymal sperm of native Vietnamese pigs were successfully frozen. We succeeded in creating embryos in vitro and pregnant pigs after artificial insemination from frozen-thawed semen in three native Vietnamese pig breeds for the first time. The use of the ejaculated sperm improved the production of native pig embryos in vitro efficiency.

严寒地区混合垂直通风猪舍环境质量评价

为探究垂直通风系统(屋顶与粪坑混合排风)在寒区猪舍中的适应性,该研究在秋冬季节对内蒙古某规模化猪舍的热湿与空气质量环境进行了实时连续监测,并根据测试结果对猪舍环境质量进行评价。结果表明:1)测试期间,舍内平均温度、相对湿度以及氨气(NH_(3))、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulate, TSP)浓度分别为22.7℃、59.6%、6.5 mg/m^(3)、2 200 mg/m^(3)、2 915μg/m^(3),舍内通风量为0.34~0.39 m^(3)/(h·kg),各环境指标基本满足生产环境阈值要求;保育期间舍内有效环境温度范围为27.1~30.7℃,存在轻度热应激情况,占总监测时间的12.9%;2)舍内温度、相对湿度与NH_(3)、CO_(2)、TSP浓度空间分布不均匀系数分别为0.01、0.15、0.45、0.03、0.15,各环境参数空间分布均较为均匀;3)试验单元(U1、U3)猪的平均日增质量、料重比与死淘率分别842和818 g/d、2.68和2.79、1.68%和1.31%,生产性能良好。综上,不设吊顶的侧墙进风,屋顶与粪坑混合排风的垂直通风系统,总体上能够满足严寒地区猪舍秋冬季热湿环境与空气质量调节需求,保证良好的生产性能。

苜蓿减量替代豆粕日粮在猪生产中的应用

畜牧业集约化养殖模式带来了很多负面问题,比如过度依赖精料、粮食消耗大、母猪繁殖性能下降、猪肉品质变差等。目前猪日粮大多以常规玉米-豆粕型为主,导致我国优质蛋白质饲料短缺问题日益严重,畜牧业生产中的大豆严重依赖于进口。紫花苜蓿蛋白质含量高,被称为“牧草之王”,具有替代豆粕的潜力。文章综述了苜蓿减量替代豆粕日粮在猪中的应用效果,以及苜蓿对猪生长和繁殖性能、肠道健康、猪肉品质的影响及机制,以推动优质饲草在猪中的高效利用,减少传统日粮对豆粕的过度依赖,推动畜牧业提质增效和草-畜有机融合。

青海地区不同动物源志贺菌毒力相关基因的分布研究

为了解青海省不同动物源志贺菌相关毒力基因的分布情况,试验对分离自青海省不同地区的62株不同动物源志贺菌进行了DNA提取,将其作为模板对志贺菌的毒力基因set1B、virA、set1A、ial、ipaBCD、Sen、icsP、iutA、icsA、ipaH进行了PCR检测,并统计各毒力基因在不同动物源志贺菌中的检出率、不同动物源志贺菌毒力基因携带模式及携带毒力基因种类。结果表明:62株志贺菌毒力基因set1B、virA、set1A、ial、ipaBCD、icsP、Sen、iutA、icsA、ipaH的检出率分别为6.5%、43.5%、3.2%、25.8%、37.1%、0、12.9%、22.6%、50.0%、100%。在27株猪源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、VirA、icsA、ipaBCD的检出率较高,然后依次为ial、iutA、Sen,未检出icsP。在27株鸡源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、icsA、virA的检出率较高,然后依次为ipaBCD、ial、Sen、iutA,未检出set1B、set1A、icsP。在4株牦牛源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、icsA、ipaBCD的检出率较高,然后依次为virA、ial、iutA,未检出set1B、set1A、Sen、icsP。在4株藏羊源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、ipaBCD、iutA的检出率较高;然后依次为virA、ial,未检出set1B、set1A、Sen、icsP、icsA。在62株志贺菌中,有7株菌只检出毒力基因ipaH,55株菌携带两种及以上毒力基因,共呈现出30种携带模式,其中以virA-icsA-ipaH模式的菌株最多(11.3%,7/62),然后为ipaBCD-ipaH模式(9.7%,6/62);猪源和鸡源志贺菌毒力基因的携带模式均为18种,牦牛和藏羊源志贺菌毒力基因的携带模式均为4种。在62株志贺菌中,有18株菌携带2种毒力基因,15株菌携带3种毒力基因,13株菌携带4种毒力基因,7株菌携带5种毒力基因,2株菌携带6种毒力基因。27株猪源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为3.7%、40.7%、14.8%、18.5%、14.8%、7.4%,27株鸡源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为18.5%、18.5%、29.6%、22.2%、11.1%、0,4株牦牛源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为25.0%、0、25.0%、50.0%、0、0,4株藏羊源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为0、50.0%、50.0%、0、0、0。62株志贺菌单毒力基因携带率(11.3%,7/62)<多重毒力基因携带率(88.7%,55/62),其中猪源志贺菌的多重基因携带率最高(42.0%),然后依次为鸡源(35.5%)、藏羊源(6.4%)和牦牛源(4.8%)。说明青海地区志贺菌携带多种毒力基因,携带模式呈现多样性且因动物源不同有所差异,同时应重点加强青海地区猪志贺菌病的防治工作。

基于VAR模型的生猪产业链价格波动影响因素分析

生猪产业链价格剧烈波动不仅关系消费者的切身利益,也对生猪产业长远发展具有重要影响。基于2009—2022年161个月度样本数据,文章采用VAR模型,从生猪产业链主要产品价格以及上游环节、中下游环节2个层面出发,探究生猪产业链价格波动的影响因素。结果显示:生猪产业链价格波动受自身主要产品价格的影响最大,前10期生猪产业链主要产品价格对当月生猪产业链价格波动仍具有61.835 8%的影响。从产业链上游环节观察,稻糠价格、大豆价格和小麦麸价格均能够对生猪产业链价格波动产生显著影响,前10期稻糠价格对当月生猪产业链价格波动的影响达到39.783 8%。从产业链中下游环节观察,通货膨胀水平和养殖场规模对生猪产业链价格波动的影响程度较大。研究表明,生猪产业链价格波动容易受到自身主要产品价格、稻糠价格、大豆价格、小麦麸价格、通货膨胀水平、养殖场规模等因素影响,应从完善价格波动预警机制和加强流通运行环节调控两方面着手推动生猪市场稳定发展。

巴民和松巴民杂交猪生长性能、胴体和肉质性状的比较研究

本试验旨在通过测定巴克夏公猪与民猪母猪的二元杂交猪(简称巴民猪)和松辽黑猪公猪与巴民母猪的三元杂交猪(简称松巴民猪)的生长性能、胴体和肉质性状,比较分析利用地方品种、地方培育品种和引进品种进行三元杂交的优势和可行性。试验选用出生日龄相近的巴民猪200头,松巴民猪196头,用于生长性能测定;选用100 kg体重的巴民猪50头,松巴民猪45头,屠宰用于测定胴体性状和肉质性状。结果表明,松巴民猪日增重和饲粮转化率显著高于巴民猪(P<0.05),校正至100 kg日龄和校正至100 kg体重背膘厚均显著低于巴民猪(P<0.05);松巴民猪平均背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量显著低于巴民猪(P<0.05),瘦肉率显著高于巴民猪(P<0.05),其他肉质指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,松巴民猪生长速度和饲料利用率均高于巴民猪,瘦肉率亦有所提高,肌内脂肪含量虽有所下降,但也达到了4%,保持了民猪的优良肉质特性,因此饲养松巴民三元杂交猪将具有更高的经济效益。

牛至精油对育肥猪生长性能、免疫性能和经济效益的影响

文章旨在探究牛至精油对育肥猪生长性能、免疫性能和经济效益的影响。试验将200头健康状态良好,体重在50kg左右的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,3个处理组分别在基础日粮添加100、200、300mg/kg牛至精油,试验为期45d,其中预饲期3d,正试期42d。结果表明,(1)饲料添加100、200、300mg/kg牛至精油可显著增加育肥猪的ADG(P <0.05),显著降低F/G(P <0.05),添加200、300mg/kg牛至精油可以显著增加育肥猪的ADFI(P <0.05);(2)饲料添加200、300mg/kg牛至精油,可显著提高育肥猪血清中IgA、IgG的含量(P <0.05),显著降低TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的含量(P <0.05);(3)饲料添加100、200、300mg/kg牛至精油可以显著降低育肥猪的增重成本(P <0.05),显著增加育肥猪养殖的毛利润(P <0.05)。且添加量在200mg/kg时效果最显著。