高速风洞一体形式的喷流影响试验技术研究

详细介绍了FL-3风洞一体形式的喷流影响风洞试验技术,该技术区别于分离形式的喷流影响试验技术,利用波纹管实现了飞行器模型与喷管的一体化设计。天平同时测量模型外部气动力和喷管推力,避免了分离形式喷流影响试验技术存在的喷管几何不完全相似、模型与喷管易碰触、腔压难以准确修正等问题。对一体形式喷流影响试验技术的相似参数、试验原理、波纹管技术等进行了系统介绍,地面调试及风洞试验表明:一体形式的喷流影响试验技术可以获得不同落压比和不同矢量喷流对飞行器的喷流影响量,在经过进一步细节优化后,将形成成熟的试验能力,并依据该技术可以发展喷管性能风洞试验技术、一体形式的推力矢量风洞试验技术等。

Optical diffraction gratings embedded in BK-7 glass by low-density plasma formation using femtosecond laser

The optical embedded diffraction gratings with the internal refractive index modification in BK-7 glass plates were demonstrated using low-density plasma formation excited by a high-intensity femtosecond （130 fs） Ti： sapphire laser （λp=790 rim）. The refractive index modifications with diameters ranging from 400 nm to 4 gm were photoinduced after plasma formation occurred upon irradiation with peak intensities of more than 1 ×10^13 W/cm2. The graded refractive index profile was fabricated to be a symmetric around the center of the point at which low-density plasma occurred. The maximum refractive index change （An） was estimated to be 1.5x10 2. Several optical embedded gratings in BK-7 glass plate were demonstrated with refractive index modification induced by the scanning of low-density plasma formation.

Interface-Optical-Phonon Modes in Quasi-one-dimensional Wurtzite Rectangular Quantum Wires

By employing the dielectric continuum model and Loudon＇s uniaxial crystal model, the interface optical （IO） phonon modes in a freestanding quasi-one-dimensional （Q1D） wurtzite rectangular quantum wire are derived and analyzed. Numerical calculation on a freestanding wurtzite GaN quantum wire is performed. The resulte reveal that the dispersion frequencies of IO modes sensitively depend on the geometric structures of the Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wires, the free wave-number kz in z-direction and the dielectric constant of the nonpolar matrix. The degenerating behavior of the IO modes in Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wire has been clearly observed in the case of small wave-number kz and Iarge ratio of length to width of the rectangular crossing profile. The limited frequency behaviors of IO modes have been analyzed deeply, and detailed comparisons with those in wurtzite planar quantum wells and cylindrical quantum wires are also done. The present theories can be looked on as a generalization of that in isotropic rectangular quantum wires, and it can naturally reduce to the case of Q1D isotropic quantum wires once the anisotropy of the wurtzite material is ignored.

Gateside packwall design in solid backfill mining-A case study

Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been developed.Based on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof convergence.Through use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been elucidated.Based upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and deformation.Accordingly,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production requirements.The proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.

General Classes of Variance Estimators in Simple Random Sampling Using Multi-auxiliary Variables

Srivastava and Jhajj [ 1 6] proposed a class of estimators for estimating population variance using multi auxiliary variables in simple random sampling and they utilized the means and variances of auxiliary variables. In this paper, we adapted this class and motivated by Searle [13], and we suggested more generalized class of estimators for estimating the population variance in simple random sampling. The expressions for the mean square error of proposed class have been derived in general form. Besides obtaining the minimized MSE of the proposed and adapted class, it is shown that the adapted classis the special case of the proposed class. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by an empirical study of original data.

Strategies of Teaching English Poetry

This paper deals with how to teach appreciation of English poetry in college by analyzing the following items： introduction of the concept, content and writing style, the realistic meaning, multi-media aided teaching and translating English poetry into Chinese.

Environmental regulation and trade pattern:a case of China

As a growing number of countries, including both developed and developing countries, have in recent yearstaken environmental regulation at different levels, a question of great concern has been raised: can the regulation alterthe existing trade volume and trade pattern, and ultimately drive pollution-intensive industries to countries with low-levelregulations or even those without regulations at all? Starting from the three different propositions concerning therelationship between environmental regulation and trade pattern, this paper applies cointegration analysis and errorcorrection model to empirically testing the relationship between environmental regulation and trade in China during theperiod of 1985-2005. Our empirical results indicate that in the short run the collection of pollution discharge fees bearsa positive impact on the export share of clean products of total exports. Thus, higher pollution discharge fees raise theratio of clean products exports to total exports. This further indicates that more stringent environmental regulationpromotes the exports of clean products. In the long run pollution discharge fees are positively correlated with the exportshare of clean products but negatively associated with their import share. Such correlations imply that environmentalregulation tends to facilitate the international specialization in line with comparative advantages.

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model (DEM) is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1:250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS)software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. (2) For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. (3) The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.

Morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells in rats at different development periods

AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the parameters of villous-crypts axis and the number of OX62＋DC, OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC, and OX62＋CD4-SIRP-DC in the small intestine in different groups of rats. The relationship between the parameters of villous-axis and the number of DC and DC subtype were analyzed. RESULTS： All morphometric parameters changed significantly with the development of pups in the different age groups （F = 10.751, 12.374, 16.527, 5.291, 3.486; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.015）. Villous height levels were unstable and increased from 115.24μm to 140.43 μm as early as 3 wk postpartum. Villous area increased significantly between 5 and 7 wk postpartum, peeked up to 13817.60 tam2 at 7 wk postpartum. Villous height and crypt depth ratios were relatively stable and increased significantly from 2.80 ＋ 1.01 to 4.54 =1= 1.56, 9-11 wk postpartum. The expression of OX62＋DC increased from 33.30%±5.80% to 80%± 17.30%, 3-11 wk postpartum （F =5.536, P = 0.0013）. OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC subset levels detected in single-cell suspensions of rat total Peyer＇s patch dendritic cells （PP-DCs） increased significantly from 30.73% ± 5.16% to 35.50% ± 4.08%, 5-7 wk postpartum and from 34.20% ±1.35% to 43.60% ± 2.07% 9-11 wk postpartum （F = 7.216, P = 0.005）. CONCLUSION： This study confirms the agerelated changes in villous-crypt axis differentiation in the small intestine. Simultaneously, there are also development and maturation in rat PP-DCs phenotypic expression. Furthermore, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa and the development of immune cells （especially DC） peaked at 9-11 wk postpartum, indicating that the intestinal mucosae reached a relatively mature state at 11 wk postpartum.

Transfer and Reaction Performances of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NzO with CO over Monolith Catalysts

This work tries to identify the relationship between geometric configuration of monolith catalysts, and transfer and reaction performances for selective catalytic reduction of N2O with CO. Monolith catalysts with five different channel shapes (circle, regular triangle, rectangle, square and hexagon), was investigated to make a comprehensive comparison of their pressure drop, heat transfer Nu number, mass transfer Sh number and N2O conversion. It was found that monolith catalysts have a much lower pressure drop than that of traditional packed bed, and for monolith catalysts with different channel shapes, pressure drop decreases in the order of regular triangle > rectangle > square > hexagon > circle. The order of Nu is in regular triangle > rectangle ≈ square > hexagon > circle, similar to that of Sh. N2O conversion follows the order of regular triangle > rectangular ≈ square ≈ circle > hexagon. The results indicate that chemical reaction including internal diffusion is the controlling step in the selective catalytic reduction of N2O removal with CO. In addition, channel size and gas velocity also have influence on N2O conversion and pressure drop.

System of Combined Foundation for Tall Buildings

Location of the heavily loaded building on the ground of the small load capacity requires application of the appropriate foundation structure. The required foundation system is most often deep, it is expensive and its cost increases significantly when the building is located in earthquake area or in mining damage sector. The proposed structural system of the combined foundation makes possible to design and to construct a very stable and relative inexpensive foundation structure, which can obtain an extremely large horizontal surface and which can be placed not deeply beneath the terrain level. It can be a very solid support structure for a tall building placed on very weak subsoil and at the same time located in seismic area. This system can be applied not only for new buildings but it can be used for the existing buildings and moreover for straighten of the inclined objects. Due to special arrangement of component parts the combined foundation possesses inherent features of a vibration damper, what is highly desirable if buildings have to be located in earthquake areas. When the aboveground storeys structure has some similar patterns with structural form of the combined foundation then the structural system of the whole building obtains coherent structural characteristics and it is called the combined structural system of the tall building. Suitable application of this system makes possible to design high-rise buildings having interesting and unique architectonic forms, what is presented on a selected example.

The Trinity Triangle and the Homonymy of the Word ＂Is＂ in Natural Language

There are philosophers and logicians who do think that the Trinity-triangle makes up an evident formal-logic inconsistency demonstrating convincingly that Christian faith is illogical and hence irrational one. The present paper submits a systematic counter-argumentation against such thinking. According to the submitted counter-arguments, there is no formal-logic inconsistency in the Holy-Trinity-triangle： There is only a logic-linguistic illusion of such inconsistency which illusion is naturally produced by the ambiguity of the word ＂is＂ in natural language. The author has invented an effective remedy for that illusion, namely, a precise formulation of the generalized and thus modernized Guillotine of Hume by means of an artificial language of two-valued algebraic system of formal ethics of moral rigor. Systematical using the mathematized formulation of the generalized Hume＇s Guillotine cuts down the mentioned linguistic illusion of logical inconsistency. Thus, the paper essentially interconnects discrete mathematical representations of formal iogic of thinking and formal ethics of acting. In relation to contemporary symbolic logic, the author submits not a technical result solving some important particular problem concerning some specific system of symbolic logic but a significantly new result of conceptual work concerning logic in general and its interconnection with mathematical ethics. The old idea of logic as a moral science is transformed into a novel idea of symbolic logic as a brunch of mathematical ethics. In particular, two-valued algebra of classical formal logic is considered as a particular case of two-valued algebra of formal ethics of moral rigor. The submitted conception of logic is instantiated by applying it to the knotty logic-problem of Holy-Trinity-triangle.

Material research of stone sculpture in installation

As a unique artistic form of both young and old, urban sculpture art plays a finishing touch to the urban image of the new era, gradually becoming the point to enhance the overall image of modem city. For public art sculpture gradually integrates into modem life, the attention of it is also increasing. A city needs good sculpture to heighten the atmosphere and shows cultural deposits, in the meantime, excellent urban sculpture will also greatly enhance the influence of cultural landscape and public art, effectively creating urban culture brand image and enhancing the city＇ s comprehensive charm.

Nonlinear Waves in an Inhomogeneous Fluid Filled Elastic Tube

In a thin-walled, homogeneous, straight, long, circular, and incompressible fluid filled elastic tube, small but finite long wavelength nonlinear waves can be describe by a KdV (Korteweg de Vries) equation, while the carrier wave modulations are described by a nonlinear Schr?dinger equation (NLSE). However if the elastic tube is slowly inhomogeneous, then it is found, in this paper, that the carrier wave modulations are described by an NLSE-like equation. There are soliton-like solutions for them, but the stability and instability regions for this soliton-like waves will change, depending on what kind of inhomogeneity the tube has.

Facebook in the External Communication of High Schools

The study is based on the i^dea of intersection of two current trends： The increasing importance of social networking services on the one hand, and on the other hand, the increase in the high schools＇ need to be successful on the （school） market. Facebook, the most popular social networking service currently, is gradually transforming its form from the leisure and entertainment media towards the more serious media suitable for many traditional types of messages. At the same time, high schools, in addition to traditional forms of reaching out the public, are trying to find and use new forms of communication media, including social networking services. In this study, the author will focus on the current status of the social networking service----Facebook, used as a communication tool of high schools in Slovakia. The presented data are based on exploratory research followed by discursive analysis.

Proclus＇ Ontological Arguments concerning the Objective Existence of the Forms

In his commentary on the Platonic Parmenides, the Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus （ca. 411-485） offers a systematic defense of the objective existence of the Forms by means of the use of distinctive arguments, four of which are ontological. In contrast with Aristotle, Proclus clearly accepts that the Forms exist as principles of the world and not as posterior concepts describing the common elements of the sensible entities. Thus, he argues first that the ontological presuppositions of the sensible beings are placed in the area of the self-subsistent beings, which correspond to the categories of the Second Hypothesis of the Parmenides. The Forms belong to this area as well. In this respect, Proclus refers to the way of production of the sensible beings, aiming at a strict definition of this process. Secondly, he proves that the existence of the Forms, which possess ontological completeness, is prior to the existence of the sensible things. This is possible since the Forms are generated by the Demiurge of the whole world, by means of an internal reflection upon himself. Thirdly, in order to prove that the sensible world cannot be attributed to mere chance, he argues that the external activity, i.e., the creation of the world, depends on the internal activity, i.e., the development of the Forms in the divine intellect. Fourthly, he implements the concept of hierarchy in the realm of the Forms, through an extensive reference to the ontological priority of the imparticipable over the participable. Thus, he shows how the existence of the primary and intelligible Forms is prior to that of the substantiated Forms. Interestingly enough, the above-mentioned arguments exercised considerable influence on the commentaries of the members of the school of Ammonius, son of Hermias.

Based on the visual communication design under the influence of the digital media research

The visual communication design is mainly ~om the perspective of people, heard with the help of media technology to convey the information to the design form of object. Visual communication design on people＇s behavior and lifestyle has obvious effect, due to the widespread attention of people. The development of modem social economy and science and technology has changed the way of information extraction, requires designers must be under the influence of digital media technology with more diverse forms of design of visual communication design research. In this paper, on the basis of the brief analysis of the visual communication characteristics and under the influence of digital media design language features, and studies the influence of digital media under the trend of the development of visual communication design several opinions are put forward.

Analysis on the Enlightenment from Comprehensive Musicianship Course on the Teaching of Vocal Music Performance

Excavation to creativity is one of important means in the teaching process. Comprehensive musicianship course is an experimental teaching method, but also a teaching art form in the music education system. Many achievements have been made to comprehensive musicianship course since the experimental teaching was established in China. The influence scope of comprehensive musicianship course is constantly expanded in the field of social music teaching, and simultaneously its influencing power is also rising. However, it should be implemented in the process of teaching according to the actual circumstances of the primary and secondary school students in China. In the teaching of comprehensive musicianship course, vocal music performance is applied as the main carrier in form and proceeds very rhythmically in the process of the whole time, and also thoughts and emotions are fully reflected by body languages. It starts from the comprehensive learning, and then is gradually promoted between non-major courses in institutions of higher learning and the music teaching in primary/secondary schools, so that a good teaching effect has been obtained. In comprehensive musicianship course, high importance is attached to the improvement of students＇ creativity and innovation ability. In this paper, the enlightenment from comprehensive musicianship course on China＇ s vocal music performance teaching is mainly analyzed.

A Triangular Model for Social Work Groups： Teaching the Forgotten Practice Modality

Social Work students typically enroll in the required practice methods courses that are specified by the Council on Social Work Education. At least in the majority of BSW Programs, these practice methods courses are divided into micro-level and macro-level sequences. Individual and family systems are covered in the former sequence, while communities and organizations are the systems of focus in the latter sequence. The group system is often minimized and/or completely ignored in the process, even though there may be some reference made to groups in both practice methods sequences. Consequently, the mezzo-level system of groups is only given ＂lip-service＂ in the dyadic division of micro and macro-level practice. Furthermore, students often do not have the opportunity to practice in group settings, much less, develop competency in these professional venues. This paper describes a teaching format used in a BSW Program in an effort to ensure student competency as required in a Groups Practice course. The triangular model includes： （1） Classroom teaching of theory; （2） Practice of group dynamics; and （3） Supervision by instructors and MSW students.

Karyotype Analysis of the Fiddleneck （Phacelia tanacetifofia Benth.）

Two varieties of fiddleneck （Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.） plant were determined for visualizing somatic chromosomes. The 4-5 days old root tips were pre-treated in 6% a-monobromonaphtalane in ＋4 ℃ for 7.5 h, then fixed in glacial acetic acid for 30 min and transferred to 70% ethanol for long storage. When the root tips were analyzed, they were hydrolyzed with 1 N HCI for 13 min at room temperature （25 ℃）. After hydrolyzing, root tips were stained with 2% aceto orcein in darkness for 2.5 h. The squash method for preparation was used for chromosomal investigations. The chromosome length （C）, relative length （RL）, the long arm （L） and short arm （S） lengths, arm ratio （AR; L/S） and centromefic index （S/C） were calculated for caryologic parameters. The ideograms and detailed chromosome morphology measurements of the species were performed by the use of MicroMeasure 3.3. According to results, fiddleneck （Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.） has 2n = 22 chromosomes and the karyotype formulas of two varieties of fiddleneck were 16 median and 6 submedian （16 m ＋ 6 sm）.