海安方言的“-子”尾与“-儿”尾

海安方言处通泰腹地,具有吴语底层。受北方方言强势影响,"-儿"尾使用广泛,与"-子"尾互补、共用。本文具体考察了"-子"尾、"-儿"尾的语法形式及功能,归纳出两者在海安方言中的使用规律。与周边方言对比,尝试从方言地理学角度,解释通泰地区"-子"有"-儿"与扬州、盐城等地有"-子"无"-儿"的差异。

Molecular cloning and expression of a heat-shock cognate 70 (hsc70) gene from swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri)

Heat shock proteins are a family of molecular chaperones that are involved in many aspects of protein homeostasis. In the present study, a full-length cDNA, encoding the constitutively expressed 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein （Hsc70）, was isolated from swordtail fish （Xiphophorus helleri） and designated as XheHsc70. The Xhehsc70 cDNA was 2 104 bp long with an open reading frame of 1 941 bp, and it encoded a protein of 646 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 70.77 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.04. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 94.1%-98.6% identities with the Hsc70s from a number of other fish species. Tissue distribution results show that the Xhehsc70 mRNA was expressed in brain, heart, head kidney, kidney, spleen, liver, muscle, gill, and peripheral blood. After immunization with formalin-killed Vibrio alginolyticus cells there was a significant increase in the XhehscT0 mRNA transcriptional level in the head kidney of the vaccinated fish compared with in the control at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h as shown by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Based on an analysis of the amino acid sequence of XheHsc70, its phylogeny, and Xhehsc70 mRNA expression, XheHsc70 was identified as a member of the cytoplasmic Hsc70 （constitutive） subfamily of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins, suggesting that it may play a role in the immune response. The Xhehsc70 cDNA sequence reported in this study was submitted to GenBank under the accession number JF739182.

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii on ADP-induced platelet aggregation

We evaluated the effects of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii(STP) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism in New Zealand white rabbits and Wistar rats.The inhibition of STP on platelet aggregation was investigated using a turbidimetric method,and the levels of the terminal products of AA metabolism were measured using the corresponding kits for maleic dialdehyde(MDA),thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay,as appropriate.We found that STP could inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation,and the inhibitory ratio was 91.50% at the STP concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.Furthermore,STP markedly affected AA metabolism by decreasing the synthesis of MDA(P<0.01) and increasing the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1α,thus changing the plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α balance when the platelets were activated(P<0.01).Therefore,STP altered AA metabolism and these findings partly revealed the molecular mechanism by which STP inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

Water status of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir and Masson pine

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition. The results showed that Masson pine had a lower osmotic potential (-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor (-1.29Mpa), compared with Chinese fir (-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively). The parameter Vp/V0 (63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir (58.03%). This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation, compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters. Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure. The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours. Water poten-tials of 1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.

TR-PIV Analysis of Turbulent Wake of Hydrofoil with Beveled Trailing Edge

The turbulent wakes behind trailing edge are analyzed for understanding of the flow mechanisms responsible for the generation of trailing edge noise. The TILS （turbulence integral length scale） of the turbulent wake of hydrofoil with blunt trailing edge is calculated from TR-PIV （time-resolved particle image velocimetry） data. The temporal auto-correlation method based on Taylor hypothesis and spatial correlation method are used to get the TILS information of the turbulent wake of hydrofoil, respectively The comparison of results by two methods indicates that the spatial correlation method is independent on Taylor hypothesis and suitable to strong turbulence and non-isotropic turbulence.

Histopathological Analysis of Liver During Pregnancy Toxemia in Small-tailed Han Sheep

The present work aimed to investigate the microscopic and ultramicro- scopic structure of the liver to assess the level of hepatic impairment during preg- nancy toxemia. Seven pregnant small-tailed Han sheep of negative urine ketone bodies were assessed in this study. Toxemia was induced by limiting food and movement tate in pregnancy. Three sheep developed obvious clinical symptoms with motor weakness, depression, anorexia, locomotion disturbances, blindness and lan- guishment. We harvested their liver tissues as pathological material, and used rou- tine histological and electronic microscopy methods to observe the histopathological changes in small-tailed Han sheep induced by pregnancy toxemia. Autopsy of the livers of the sheep revealed deep yellow coloration, intumescence and hemorrhage on the surface. Microstructural features indicated fatty degeneration, which is a main characteristic of fatty liver. Hepatocellular ultrastructural changes were observed un- der an electronic microscope. The characteristic findings were nucieolus concentra- tion, vacuolation of mitochondria and excessive glycogen granules in the cytoplasm. Via this experimental protocol, pregnancy toxemia of sheep was successfully in- duced, providing a pathological model for the study of this disease. After the experi- mental induction of pregnancy toxemia, the clinical symptoms of pathogenic sheep and pathological changes to their livers exhibited obvious characteristics of pregnan- cy toxemia.

Branching and growth of plantings in fifth year of a seedling seed orchard of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)

The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.

Seed Protein Electrophoresis for Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Festuca pratensis Huds, Local Ecotypes

Fifty two accessions of Festuca pratensis Huds. were analysed of which 18 had been collected in Switzerland and 32 in Bulgaria. SDS-PAGE of seed proteins was implemented to detect genetic variation among ecotype populations using a modification of UPOV method for barley. The modification concerns mainly protein extracting procedure as detailed described in the protocol. The two cultivars Preval and Cosmolit were used as standards. Cluster analyses and correspondence analyses/scatter plot were used as statistic approaches for determining genetic diversity among individual ecotypes and groups of ecotypes. Electrophoretic spectra of proteins show clear differences among local accessions in relation to their origin. In Swiss ecotypes 32 protein fragments were determined whereas in Bulgarian local populations their number was 68. Each of the two eco-groups possesses fragments that appear in all accessions of the group. The number of monomorphic bands within Bulgarian local ecotypes is four whereas their number in Swiss ecotypes is 12. Four monomorphic bands appearing in all proteinograms no difference of eco-groups was identified with Rm values of： 0.43, 0.55, 0.58, 0.82. A higher level of protein band polymorphism was proven in Bulgarian ecotypes in comparison with Swiss ecotypes. Thirty seven polymorphic bands occurred exclusively in the Bulgarian local ecotypes and had a frequency of 0.03 or higher whereas within Swiss ecotypes was detected one unique protein fragment. SDS-PAGE ＂fingerprinting＂ is suggested as a fast and easy approach to differentiate F. pratensis ecotypes by their origin as well for detection of foreign germplasm for inclusion in breeding programs.

Seed Germination and Dormancy for Iris Chrysographes （Iridaceae） from China

Several Chinese Iris species have potential for medicinal and ornamental use, but they have poor, erratic or slow seed germination. The aims of this study was to classify Iris ehrysographes dormancy type and investigate the optimum treatment for seeds germination through examining the effects of various incubation temperatures, light conditions, scarification, stratification and soil substratum. Seed viability of/. chrysographes was 74% and seeds imbibed water very fast. No seeds germinated on stratification, soil substratum, constant or alternating temperatures, light and darkness treatments. Seeds germination of different mechanical restriction treatments had significant differences. The results indicated that： （1） removal of seed coat was the most effective treatment for/. chrysographes germination; （2） physiological dormancy phenomenon was found in this species.

Promotion of Semiautomatic Piecing Quality in Rotor Spinning

Discussed in the article are the factors for the imperfect quality of piecing based on the principles and the key technologies of semiautomatic piecing. Furthermore, three measures including changing the shape of seed yarn tail, changing the feed speed and removing the damaged fibers are put forward. Experimental results prove that the former two, especial the second one, offers better piecing quality.

Plantlet regeneration from mature zygotic embryos andembryonic explants of masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)

Excised zygotic embryos, cotyledons and hypocotyls of juvenile seedlings of masson pine were grown on DCR medium supplemented with several concentrations of various plant phytohormones. BA (1.0 mg/ L) in combination with NAA (0.05 mg/L)in DCR medium was found to increase the formation of adventitious buds from mature zygotic embryos, but most of them were formed at the tips of embryonic cotyledons. Adventitious buds were obtained from cotyledons and hypocotyls from juvenile seedlings when they were cultured on DCR medium containing BA 3-5 mg/L and NAA 0.1-0.2 mg/L. Elongation of buds were observed on hormone-free DCR medium with or without activated charcoal (0.5%). Root initiation was achieved with full or half strength DCR inedium supplemented with IBA 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.25-0.5 mg/L. Approximately 11-20 axillary buds formed on each explant when juvenile seedling explants were treated (3-20h) with BA 50-100 mg/L, followed by transfer to hormone-free DCR medium. The maximum number of shoots obtained per explant within six months was 33.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Heavy Metals Biosorption by Two Macroalgae

The thermodynamic process of two macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica, absorbing heavy metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+, has been studied. The result indicates that the absorption isotherms of these two macroalgae clearly accord with the Landmuir adsorption model. The absorptive processes of S. fusiforme and L. japonica for Cu2+℃ are endothermal, and at 35 , the adsorption heat of these two algae is 59.5 kJ/mol and 76.8 kJ/mol respectively. Temperature could affect the algae’s adsorption capacity. Their adsorption ℃℃capacity increases with temperature ( 25 and 35 ).

Antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysates from anchovy

Alcalase hydrolyzed protein from Anchovy under controlled condition, and the hydrolysates were rich in active peptides. The peptide content was determined by TCA-biuret method, and amino acid was determined by Ninhydrin. The antioxidative activity of the hydrolysates was investigated by measuring the reducing ability, the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity, and antioxidative ability in linoleic acid oxidation system. The hydrolysates exhibited high antioxidative activity. In addition, the hydrolysates scavenged 58.38% on hydroxyl radical and 46.88% on superoxide radical.

Reconstruction of plasmoid and traveling compression region in the near-Earth magnetotail

Cluster spacecraft observed an earthward flowing plasmoid along with a travelling compression region （TCR） structure in southern plasma sheet boundary layer （PSBL） at 21：09 UT of September 19, 2001. We have reconstructed the two-dimensional topology of the magnetic field structure observed by C1 using Grad-Shafranov reconstruction method. Results show that CI passed through part of a plasmoid, which compressed the lobe magnetic field and formed a TCR. The size of the whole plas- moid structure in X direction is estimated to be about 3 Re. Furthermore, using multi-spacecraft observations, we have found some detailed information about this structure. First, C1 observed bi-streaming electron components, which supports our sug- gestion that the spacecraft passed through closed field lines. Second, a small magnetic field perturbation within this plasmoid accompanied by slight decrease in electron flux suggests that a flux rope core might exist at the center of the plasmoid.

Electron dynamics and wave activities associated with mirror mode structures in the near-Earth magnetotail

We report the observation of mirror mode structures by Cluster spacecraft at around X^-16 RE in the Earth’s magnetotail.The wavelength of the mirror structure is larger than 7000 km,corresponding to tens of ion gyroradii.Features of the mirror structures are similar to those detected in the magnetosheath:the anti-correlation between the magnetic field strength and plasma density,zero phase velocity in the plasma rest frame and linear polarization.The structures were observed in a region bounded by two dipolarizations during a substorm intensification.Thus,the dipolarization process may provide a plasma condition facilitating the growth of the mirror mode structures.Another interesting feature is the electron dynamics within the mirror structures.Thermal electron energy flux has an enhancement at 0°and 180°pitch angles inside the magnetic dips of the first three mirror structures and an enhancement at 90°pitch angle inside the magnetic dip of the last structure.The different electron distribution inside the mirror structures might be a result of different evolution stages of the mirror wave.The last structure may be in the nonlinear stage of the mirror instability,whereas the three others with quasi-sinusoidal waveforms may be in the linear stage.In addition,we found that intense whistler waves were confined within the magnetic dips.We conjecture that whistler waves observed in the first three dips were generated in a remote region,then they were trapped in the mirror mode troughs and transported toward the spacecraft;while the whistler wave detected in the last dip was excited locally by the electron anisotropy instability.

Influence of tail-like magnetic field on O^+ ion distribution in the Martian magnetosphere

Based on the comparison with the Earth, using the LB magnetic field model, the distribution of O+ ion originating from the ionosphere in the Martian magnetosphere is theoretically studied under different conditions of the tail-like magnetic field. The results show that the tail-like magnetic field has influence on the O+ ion flux in the Martian magnetotail: (i) the O+ ion flux in the Martian tail will increase if the tail-like magnetic field increases; when the tail-like magnetic field increases from 5 nT to 20 nT, the O+ ion flux increases 3 times in the region of 2.8R m in the Martian tail; and (ii) the O+ ion flux decreases with increasing intrinsic moment; when the intrinsic moment increases about 5 times, the flux decreases to one fourth in the region of 2.8R m in the Martian tail. According to the data on the O+ ion flux and theoretical result in this paper, the deduced Martian intrinsic moment is about 2 ×1021 Gcm3. This is consistent with the most recent observation by the USA satellite MGS.

THEMIS statistical study on the plasma properties of high-speed flows in Earth＇s magnetotail

Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms （THEMIS） observations from 2007 to 2011 tail seasons, we study the plasma properties of high speed flows （HSFs） and background plasma sheet events （BPSs） in Earth＇s magnetotail （｜YGsM｜〈13RE, ｜ZGsM｜〈5RE, -30RE〈XrsM〈-6RE）, and their correlations with solar wind parameters. Statistical results show that the closer the HSFs and BPSs are to the Earth, the hotter they become, and the temperature increase of HSFs is larger than that of BPSs. The density and temperature ratios between HSFs and BPSs are also larger when events are closer to Earth. We also find that the best correlations between the HSFs （BPSs） density and the solar wind density occur when the solar wind density is averaged 2 （3.5） hours prior to the onset of HSFs （BPSs）. The normalized densities of both HSFs and BPSs are correlated with the interplanetary magnetic field （IMF） 0 angles （ 0 = arctan（Bz √Bx^2＋y^2 ） which are averaged 3 hours before the observation time. Further analysis indicates that both HSFs and BPSs become denser during the northward IMF period.

BRILL-NOETHER MATRIX FOR RANK TWO VECTOR BUNDLES

Let X be an arbitrary smooth irreducible complex projective curve, E (?)X a rank two vector bundle generated by its sections. The author first represents ?as a triple {D1,D2,f}, where D1 , D2 are two effective divisors with d = deg(D1) + deg(D2), and f ∈ H?X, [D1] |D2) is a. collection of polynomials. E is the extension of [D2] by [D1] which is determined by f. By using / and the Brill-Noether matrix of D1+D2, the author constructs a 2g × d matrix WE whose zero space gives Im{H0(X,[D1]) (?) H0(X, [D1] |D1)}(?) Im{H?X, E) (?) H0(X,[D2]) (?) H0(X, [D2]|D2)} From this and H0(X,E) = H0(X,[D1]) (?)Im{H0(X,E) (?) H0(X, [D2])}, it is got in particular that dimH0(X, E) = deg(E) - rank(WE) + 2.

The causal sequence investigation of the ring current ion-flux increasing and the magnetotail ion injection during a major storm

Comprehensive records are available in ENA data of ring current activity recorded by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2 on 15 May, 2005 during a major magnetic storm （which incorporated a series of substorms）. Ion fluxes at 4-min temporal resolution derived from ENA data in the energy ranges 50-81 and 81-158 keV are compared with in situ particle fluxes measured by the LANL-SOPA instruments aboard LANL-01, LANL-02, LANL-97, and LANL-84 （a series of geostationary satellites that encircle the equatorial plane at -6.6 RE）. Also, magnetic fields measured simultaneously by the magetometers aboard GOES-10 and GOES-12 （which are also geostationary satellites） are compared with the particle data. It is demonstrated that ion fluxes in the ring current were enhanced during geomagnetic field tailward stretching in the growth phases of substorms rather than after Earthward directed dipolarization events. This observation, which challenges the existing concept that ring current particles are injected Earthward from the magnetotail following dipolarization events, requires further investigation using a large number of magnetic storm events.

Gas Turbulence Modulation Model for Gas-Solid Flows in Two-Fluid Approach

Turbulence enhancement by particle wake effect is studied by numerical simulation of gas turbulent flows passing over particle under various particle sizes, inlet gas velocities, gas viscosity, gas density and the distance of particles. By performing dimension analysis and using the form of gas-particle interaction source term for reference, a new semi-empirical turbulence enhancement model by the particle-wake effect is proposed. The turbulence model is then incorporated into second-order moment model for simulating gas-particle flows in a horizontal channel with different wall roughness and a sudden-expansion chamber. The results show that this model is with higher calculating accuracy than another two turbulence models in comparison with the experimental results.